UAG-93: Chapters 1 to 5 - URSI

FIGURE 20.
F]GURE 21.
FIGURE 22.
FIGURE 23.
Results from 2-parameter valley ca)culations, at dip angles from 0 to 90'. 59
Results at two djfferent valley depths, for dip angles from 0 to 9Oo. 59
Changes in real height and fitting error as the assumed val1ey depth varies. 60
The virtual-height fitting error as a function of assumed va1ley depth. 61
SECTION IO - THE USE OF POLAN
FIGURE 24. Scal ing points for a typical daytime ionogram.
FIGURE 25. Regions where the 0-ray trace should not be scaled.
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SECTION 11 - THE PROGRAIiI SCION FOR DIGITISING DATA
FIGURE 26. Ionogram layout for digitising, with "off-scale" areas.
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APPET{DIX A - THE ACCURACY OF N(h) CALCULATIONS
TABLE A1. Real-height errors for a Chapman 1ayer, with modes 1
TABLE A2. Real-height errors for a parabol ic 1ayer, for modes 1
FIGURE AL. The real height profile used to produce a large cusp.
TABLE A3. Irrors produced by a large cusp, for modes 1 to 6 of
TABLE A4. Cusp errors obtained with different scaled frequency
'i ntervals.
FIGURE A2. Changes in real height caused by changes in the starting
to 7 of POLAN.
to 7.
POLAN.
correct i on .
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B7
APPENDIX B - DIP ANGLE VARIATIOI{S
FIGURE B1. Relat.ive group delays of the extraord.inary and ordinary rays.
FIGURE 82. The group delay ratio Rx.o as a function of dip ang1e.
FIGURE 83. Polynomial f.its to the 0- and X-ray group refractive jndices.
B9
B9
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TABLE ts1.
Enrors in the calculated real-height profile
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FIGURE 84. The effect of random errors in a slab start analysis.
FIGURE 85. Division of the group-index integration range, at high dip angles.
FIGURE 86. Errors obtained with accurate virtual-height data at different dip angles.
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APPENOIX C - FH HEIGHT VARIATION
FIGURE Ci.
Measured values of gyrofrequency in the .ionosphere.
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TABLE Cl.
Changes in real and virtual height of a reflecting 1ayer.
9B
FIGURE C2. Changes in the X-ray virtual height due to a decrease in FH.
TABLE C2. The relative group retardation of 0 and X rays.
FIGURE C3. The equivalent monotonic distr.ibution for an underlying 1ayer.
FIGURE C4. Virtual heights for a low layer and its equivalent monotonic djstributjon.
TABLE C4. Errors in the slab start calculation, using fixed values of FH.
FIGURE C5. Night E-region profiles used in developing rules for start calculations.
FIGURE C6. Slab start calculatjons using a fixed value of gyrofrequency.
FIGURE C7. Errors obtained from a model ionogram using different values of FH.
FIGURE CB. The separation of "underlying" and "reflectjon" regions for FH.
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r02
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