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Mediterranean and Black Sea Cetacean Red List Assessment Ziphius cavirostris Ligurian Sea, is included within the Pelagos Sanctuary created by the Governments of Italy, France and Monaco . However, no management or conservation measures have been taken as yet specifically for this species. A SPAMI (Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance) under the Barcelona Convention has been proposed for the northern half of the Alborán Sea and Gulf of Vera in southern Spain (Cañadas et al. 2005), but it has not yet been designated or even evaluated by the Spanish administration. This proposed area includes another of the probable hot-spots for Cuvier’s beaked whales: the deep waters off southern Almería. The Hydrographic Office of the Spanish Navy has agreed not to use active sonar in that area (C. Gamundi, Subdirector of the Hydrographic Office of the Spanish Navy, pers. comm.). The Second Meeting of the Parties to ACCOBAMS adopted Resolution 2.16 on ‘Assessment and Impact Assessment of Man-made Noise’ (ACCOBAMS 2004). In this Resolution, and by recommendation of the Scientific Committee of ACCOBAMS, Parties are urged to ‘to take a special care and, if appropriate, to avoid any use of man made noise in habitat of vulnerable species and in areas where marine mammals or endangered species may be concentrated, and undertake only with special caution and transparency any use of man made noise in or nearby areas believed to contain habitat of Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), within the ACCOBAMS area’. Parties are also urged to facilitate national and international research on this subject, to provide protocols/guidelines developed by military authorities with respect to use of sonar in the context of threats to cetaceans, and to consult with any profession conducting activities known to produce underwater sound with the potential to cause adverse effects on cetaceans, recommending that extreme caution be exercised in the ACCOBAMS area. Resolution 2.16 also encourages ‘the development of alternative technologies and require the use of best available control technologies and other mitigation measures in order to reduce the impacts of man-made noise sources in the Agreement area’. The Scientific Committee of ACCOBAMS therefore has been charged to develop a common set of guidelines for conducting activities known to produce underwater sound with the potential to cause adverse effects on cetaceans. These guidelines are expected to be presented to the Third Meeting of the Parties in 2007. Data Sources ACCOBAMS 2004. Report of the Second Meeting of the Parties to ACCOBAMS. Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 9-12 November 2004. Balcomb K.C. III, Claridge D.E. 2001. A mass stranding of cetacean caused by naval sonar in the Bahamas. Bahamas Journal of Science 8(2):2-12. Ballardini M, Pusser T., Nani B. 2005. Photo-identification of Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) in the Northern Ligurian Sea. 19 th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society. La Rochelle, France. April 2-7. Brownell R. L. Jr., Mead J. G., Helden A. L., Yamada T. K., Frantzis A. 2005. Worldwide mass strandings of beaked whales: retrospective review and causes. 19 th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society. La Rochelle, France. April 2-7. Cañadas A., Sagarminaga R. and García-Tiscar S. 2002. Cetacean distribution related with depth and slope in the Mediterranean waters off southern Spain. Deep Sea Research I 49: 2053-2073. Cañadas A., Sagarminaga R., de Stephanis R., Urquiola E., Hammond P.S. 2005. Habitat selection models as a conservation tool: proposal of marine protected areas for cetaceans in Southern Spain. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15:495-521. Centro Studi Cetacei. 1998. Cetacei spiaggiati lungo le coste italiane. XII. Rendiconto 1997. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Museo civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 139(II): 213-226. D’Amico A., Bergamasco A., Zanasca P., Carniel S., Nacini E., Portunato N., Teloni, V., Mori C., Barbanti R. 2003. Qualitative correlation of marine mammals with physical and biological parameters in the Ligurian Sea. Journal of Oceanic Engineering 28(1): 29-43. Dalebout M.L., Robertson K.M., Frantzis A., Engelhaupt D., Mignucci A.A., Rosario-Delestre R.J., Baker C.S. 2005. Worldwide structure of mtDNA diversity among Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris): implications for threatened populations. Molecular Ecology 14: 3353-3371. Fernández A., Edwards J.F., Rodríguez F., Espinosa de los Monteros A., Herráez P., Castro P., Jaber J.R., Martín V., Arbelo M. 2005. “Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome” involving a mass stranding of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) exposed to anthropogenic sonar signals. Veterinary Pathology 42:446-457. Frantzis A. 1998. Does acoustic testing strand whales? Nature, 392: 29 Frantzis A., Alexiadou P., Paximadis G., Politi E., Gannier A., Corsini-Foka M. 2003. Current knowledge of the cetacean fauna of the Greek Seas. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 5: 219-232 Annex 3: Regular Species 89
Mediterranean and Black Sea Cetacean Red List Assessment Ziphius cavirostris Frodello J.P., Viale D., Marchand B. 2002. Metal levels in a Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) found stranded on a Mediterranean coast, Corsica. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 69: 662-666. Gannier A. 1999. Etude de la distribution des cétacés en mer d’Alborán et en mer des Baléares. Unpublished report to the Centre de recherche sur les Cetacés (Marineland) and the Groupe de Recherche sur les Cétacés (Antibes) – October 1999:26pp. Heyning J.E. 1989. Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris. In Handbook of Marine Mammals, S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison, eds.), Vol. 4, pp. 289-308. Academic Press, London. Holcer D., Notarbartolo di Sciara G., Fortuna C. M., Onofri V., Lazar B., Tvrtkovic N. 2003. The occurrence of Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) in Croatian Adriatic waters. Proceedings of the 8th Croatian Biological Congress. 27 September-2 October: 255-256. Jepson P.D., Arbelo M., Deaville R., Patterson I.A.P., Castro P., Baker J.R., Degollada E., Ross H.M., Herráez P., Pocknell A.M., Rodríguez F., Howie II F.E., Espinosa A., Reid R.J., Jaber J.R., Martin V., Cunningham A.A., Fernández A. 2003. Gas-bubble lesions in stranded cetaceans. Nature 425: 575- 576 Law R.J. 1996. Metals in marine mammals. In: Interpreting Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife Tissues. (N. Beyer, G. Heinz and A. W. Redmon-Norwood, eds.). pp: 357-376. Lewis Publishers, Inc. Chelsea, Michigan. MacLeod C.D. 2005. Niche partitioning, distribution and competition in North Atlantic beaked whales. PhD Thesis. University of Aberdeen, UK. Marini L., Consiglio C., Angradi A.M., Sanna, A. 1992. Four sightings of Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the central Thyrrenian Sea. Hystrix 4(1): 85-89. Notarbartolo di Sciara G. 2002. Cetacean species occurring in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. In: G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, ed. Cetaceans of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: state of knowledge and conservation strategies. Section 3. A report to the ACCOBAMS Interim Secretariat. ACCOBAMS Interim Secretariat, Monaco. Northridge S.P. 1984. World review of interactions between marine mammals and fisheries. Fisheries Technical paper 251. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 191 p. Podestá M., Bortolotto A. 1997. Il Progetto Spiaggiamenti del Centro Studi Cetacei: analisi dei risultati di 11 anni di attività. Natura – Soc. It. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 90 (2): 145-158. Podestá M., D’Amico A., Pavan G., Drougas A., Komnenou A., Portunato N. 2006. A review of Cuvier’s beaked whale strandings in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 7(3):251-261. Poncelet E., Van Canneyt O., Boubert J.J. 1999. Considerable amount of plastic debris in the stomach of a Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) washed ashore on the French Atlantic coast. 13th Biennial Conference of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, Hawaii (Maui, Hawaii, USA 28 November-3 December). Raga J.A., Pantoja J. (Eds.). 2004. Proyecto Mediterráneo. Zonas de especial interés para la conservación de los cetáceos en el Mediterráneo español.219pp. Minsterio de Medio Ambiente. Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales. Madrid. Reeves R.R., Smith B.D., Crespo E. A., Notarbartolo di Sciara G. (compilers). 2003. Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002-2010 Conservation Action Plan for the World’s Cetaceans. IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Xi + 139pp. Scalise S., Moulins A., Rosso M., Corsi A., Würtz M. 2005. First results on Cuvier’s beaked whale distribution in the Ligurian Sea related to depth and depth gradient. 34 th Annual Symposium of the European Association for Aquatic Mammals. Riccione, Italy. March, 17-20. Storelli M.M., Zizzo N., Marcotrigiano O. 2002. Heavy metals and methylmercury in tissues of Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) and Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Italy (South Adriatic Sea). Bulletin of Environmental Contaminants and Toxicology 63:703-710 Valeiras J., Camiñas J. A. 2001. Captura accidental de mamíferos marinos en las pesquerías españolas de palangre de pez espada y túnidos en el Mediterráneo. II Simposium de la Sociedad Española de Cetáceos. SEC. Noviembre, Valsain, Segovia. Annex 3: Regular Species 90
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Contents Preface ------------------
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Background and Introduction The con
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Results Of the 12 assessed units in
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Acknowledgements Workshop participa
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Annex 1 Workshop Agenda Mediterrane
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Blue World Institute of Marine Rese
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Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) M
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Mediterranean and Black Sea Cetacea
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Long-finned pilot whale (Globicepha
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Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus)
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Page 44 and 45: Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena
Page 46 and 47: Mediterranean and Black Sea Cetacea
Page 62 and 63: Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoa
Page 96 and 97: Annex 4 Visitor Species Species Com
Page 114 and 115: Annex 5 Vagrant Species Species Com
Page 118 and 119: North Atlantic right whale (Eubalae
Page 120 and 121: Northern bottlenose whale (Hyperood
Page 128 and 129: Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena
Page 130 and 131: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sous
Page 132 and 133: Annex 6 Introduced Species Species
Page 142: Annex 8 Species reported to have oc
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