GNS Science Consultancy Report 2006/0XX

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Figure 1. Temperature, depth and permeability ranges of conventional and unconventional sources of geothermal energy in New Zealand. The temperature and depth range of abandoned oil and gas wells in New Zealand are highlighted in red. Geothermal energy in this country is associated with power generation in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and Ngawha where volcanism is recent. New Zealand has a total installed power generating capacity of 435 MWe provided by six geothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and one at Ngawha in Northland, where a binary plant produces 9 MWe (http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz). The installed capacity for direct usage of geothermal energy in the country is 448 MWt (White, 2006), 62% of which is produced from waste water and waste steam or dedicated wells in the power-generating Kawerau, Mokai, Ohaaki-Broadlands and Wairakei geothermal systems. About 170 MWt is used for bathing in more than 30 commercial swimming pools and in ad hoc holes dug for hot water at the edges of rivers or at tide level along the sea shore, space-heating, fruit irrigation, plant or fish cultivation, and health and beauty therapy. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY This is reconnaissance study on the potential of extracting geothermal energy from abandoned oil and gas wells and regions outside the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) and Ngawha. Assumptions are broad and conservative, calculations are basic. GNS Science Report 2007/23 2
Figure 2. Distribution of conventional and nonconventional geothermal resources in New Zealand including hot springs, abandoned oil and gas wells, abandoned flooded underground coal and mineral mines and stored heat in the rock. Conductive heat flow contours are from Allis et al, 1998. GNS Science Report 2007/23 3
Page 2 and 3: Abandoned oil and gas wells - a rec
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
Page 6 and 7: ABSTRACT There are 349 abandoned on
Page 10 and 11: 2.0 ABANDONED OIL AND GAS WELLS IN
Page 12 and 13: Figure 5. Map showing the distribut
Page 14 and 15: Figure 6. Drilled vertical depths o
Page 16 and 17: Figure 8. Temperatures ranges of on
Page 18 and 19: Table 1. Number of wells within a r
Page 20 and 21: 3.3 REASONS FOR ABANDONING WELLS Mo
Page 22 and 23: Assuming a flow of 4 L s -1 , the 2
Page 24 and 25: 5.0 CURRENT GEOTHERMAL USE OF ABAND
Page 26 and 27: In New Zealand temperature may be p
Page 28 and 29: Figure 16. Abandoned hydrocarbon we
Page 30 and 31: 10. Determine how geothermal produc
Page 32 and 33: Isaac M J, Herzer R H, Brook F J an
Page 34 and 35: APPENDIX 1 NOTES ON THE GEOTHERMAL
Page 36 and 37: Speaker Company/Agency Topic Main P
Page 38 and 39: Table 6. Basic well data for onshor
Page 40 and 41: Well Name NORTH ISLAND TARANAKI Dat
Page 42 and 43: Well Name SOUTH ISLAND WEST COAST D

GNS Science Consultancy Report 2006/0XX

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