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volume size distributions, and in a few cases the nanoparticle size distribution was determined. The methods and procedures used to determine these size distributions varied as did the conditions under which the aerosol was generated. However, despite these differences the characteristic multi-modal size distribution is frequently observed. The results from these studies are summarized in table 8. 01/14/99 Page 30
Table 8. Studies Measuring Diesel Aerosol Size Distributions Outside of The Laboratory. Type of Study and Aerosol Mining/Heavy Duty Diesel Mining/Heavy Duty Diesel Dilution Ratio 1 Measurement Method(s) Results Reference 100 - 150:1 MOUDI Accumulation mode by mass: 0.15 - Bureau of Mines, 0.2 μm 1992 < 100:1 CNC Aitken nuclei count: • No diesels 78 - 175 x 10 3 part./cm 3 • With diesels 3.1 - 17.0 x 10 5 Gillies and Schimmelpfennig, 1983 Roadway/Mixed > 500 - 1,000:1 CNC, prototype EAA Roadway/Auto Spark ignition, Catalyst equipped Roadway/Light Duty Diesel 01/14/99 Page 31 part./cm 3 Nuclei V mode peak at 0.02 μm Mean Aitken nuclei count: • 1.75 x 10 6 N/cm 3 N/V a ratio: 2 x 10 3 - 5 x 10 4 Smog chamber samples showed effects of coagulation on particle size. ~500 - 1,000:1 EAA, OPC, CNC • Background -Three distinct modes with mean size by V of 0.03, 0.24, 6.0 μm • Test - 0.02, 0.24, 6.0 μm (V) • Nuclei mode shift due to coagulation effects - longest aerosol aging times transferred about 1/3 nuclei mode V to 100 - 1,000:1 Mobile lab - EAA primary instrument accumulation mode. DR of 100:1 within 20 m of exhaust pipe at 20 Km/hr in 0.4 s; DR of 1,000:1 after 1 s N/V range 7.0x10 4 - 2.1 x 10 5 VMD 0.2 μm Roadway 1,000:1 NA Summary paper: • Roadway dilution < 1 s dilution ratio > 1,0000:1 • Lab dilution 1 - 5 s dilution ratio 5 - 20 :1 • Results from roadway and lab differ due to coagulation, condensation, adsorption and DR effects. Tunnel/Mixed ~ 500 - 1,000:1 Impactor • Principal exhaust components EC and OC Tunnel/Mixed ~ 500:1 Hering low pressure impactor • MMD 0.15 μm After correction for background a unimodal distribution was observed with 85 % of the mass < 0.12 μm. Whitby, et al., 1975 Wilson, 1977, et al. Dolan and Kittelson, 1979 Kittelson and Dolan, 1980 Pierson and Brachaczek, 1983 Venkataraman, et al. 1994
Page 1 and 2: REVIEW OF DIESEL PARTICULATE MATTER
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT Federal government regulat
Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION Federal government reg
Page 7 and 8: • to critically evaluate methods
Page 9 and 10: Table 2. Changes in diesel engine t
Page 11 and 12: AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. - Schematic illustrating
Page 15 and 16: Heat transfer during sampling and d
Page 17 and 18: • humidity and temperature • ba
Page 19 and 20: Doyle (1961) predicted that homogen
Page 21 and 22: Engine Emission Characteristics Eng
Page 23 and 24: accumulation mode particle diameter
Page 25 and 26: Adverse health effects of respirabl
Page 27 and 28: content of the particle. (Burtscher
Page 29: Table 7. Instrument summary Miscell
Page 33 and 34: slowly moving diesel trucks, and a
Page 35 and 36: Figure 13. - Volume fraction versus
Page 37 and 38: Table 10. N/VT Ratios (Number of pa
Page 39 and 40: Figure 15. - Relationship between d
Page 41 and 42: Exhaust Constituents The nature of
Page 43 and 44: increased number concentrations of
Page 45 and 46: system, volatile particles evaporat
Page 47 and 48: With low carbon emission engines, t
Page 49 and 50: Kreso, et al. (1998a,b) looked at t
Page 51 and 52: • Treatment of sample dilution ai
Page 53 and 54: somewhat larger, 60 - 70 nm. The ma
Page 55 and 56: Bagley, S. T., et al. 1996. Charact
Page 57 and 58: Doyle, G.J. 1961. Self-Nucleation i
Page 59 and 60: Keady, P.B., F. R. Quant, and G. J.
Page 61 and 62: Seminar on Particle Size Distributi
Page 63 and 64: Watson, J. G. et al. 1998. Northern

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