Strength and Durability of a 70% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...

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7000 56 Day Compressive Strength (psi) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 B-1 GGBFS GGBFS with HRWR 0 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 0.42 0.44 w/c Fig. 12-Relationship of w/cm and 56 day compressive strength In regard to air content, usually the presence of air lowers strength. The average plastic concrete field air content for the B-1 mix was actually a bit higher than the two slag mixes, so air content cannot explain the greater strength of the B-1 mix. Fig. 13 shows the relationship between field-measured air content of plastic concrete and strength in this study. Apparently, the effect of air content is not a significant factor in these mixes, or else the air content values are inaccurate. However, it should be noted that the air contents shown are averages for a particular day, rather than actual air measurements on the sample from which the cylinders were cast. Batch-to-batch air content varied through the day by as much as ± 1.0%. 31
7000 56 Day Compressive Strength (psi) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Plastic Concrete Air Content (%) Fig. 13-Relationship of field-measured air content and 56 day compressive strength Early in the project there was concern expressed over the coarseness of the air system in the HRWR mixes and that air content should be increased to assure freeze-thaw protection. However, examination of field inspectors’ reports indicate that the air entraining agent dosage was not much different between the plain and GGBFS-HRWR mixes, and corresponding plastic concrete air contents were about the same (5.4% for the HRWR mixes and 5.5% for the plain GGBFS concrete). Average air content for the B-1 mixes was 5.9%. Hardened concrete air content results are shown in Fig.14. As air content increased, the strength in both the slag mixes decreased. But, the opposite was true for the B-1 mix. Thus, the effect of air content is not well established for this data. Additionally, assuming a loss in strength of 5 percent for every one percent air, the loss in strength shown in Fig. 7 is considerably in excess. Thus, the loss in strength is not explained by air content increase alone. 32
Page 1 and 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 3 and 4: TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Acknowledgements.
Page 7 and 8: List of Figures Fig. 1-Effect of sl
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 1-Material Sup
Page 11 and 12: Literature Search General The gener
Page 13 and 14: hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calci
Page 15 and 16: amount was 50%. Lane and Ozyildirum
Page 17 and 18: Effect of slag characteristics. Bec
Page 19 and 20: 50%, chloride permeability dropped
Page 21 and 22: the carbonation rate increased with
Page 23 and 24: Phase I: Field Investigation Genera
Page 25 and 26: Table 5-GGBFS with HRWR mix proport
Page 27 and 28: Upon fabrication, the specimens wer
Page 29 and 30: Compressive Strength Compressive st
Page 31 and 32: Salt Scaling Salt scaling resistanc
Page 33 and 34: were done manually by RDT personnel
Page 35 and 36: From observation of Tables 3-5 and
Page 37 and 38: 8000 7000 Compressive strength (psi
Page 39: 8000 Compressive Strength (psi) 700
Page 43 and 44: 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 28 day
Page 45 and 46: 7000 28 Day Compressive Strength (p
Page 47 and 48: 100 Avg 90 80 12-14-99 12-14-99 12-
Page 49 and 50: 100 90 80 Durability Factor 70 60 5
Page 51 and 52: 100 90 80 Durability Factor 70 60 5
Page 53 and 54: 0.2 0.15 Length Change (%) 0.1 0.05
Page 55 and 56: 0.16 0.14 0.12 Length Change (%) 0.
Page 57 and 58: 1.2 1 0.8 Weight Change (%) 0.6 0.4
Page 59 and 60: 8000 7000 6000 Pour 1 Pour 2 Averag
Page 61 and 62: 92.0 90.0 Voids Less Than 0.006 in.
Page 63 and 64: 60 Temperature Differential (C) 50
Page 65 and 66: Previously, it was pointed out that
Page 67 and 68: 160 Percent of OPC 28 Day Compressi
Page 69 and 70: 120 Percent of OPC 28 Day Compressi
Page 71 and 72: Table 13- Type I Mixes w/cm TCM OPC
Page 73 and 74: Table 17- ASTM C 989 Reference Ceme
Page 75 and 76: Results and Discussion Experimental
Page 77 and 78: the PC content when working with la
Page 79 and 80: 3000 Increase in 56 Day Net Compres
Page 81 and 82: 5000 Net 56 Day Compressive Strengt
Page 83 and 84: strengths. The difference in streng
Page 85 and 86: 2) The curing regime for freeze-tha
Page 87 and 88: 26.Hogan, F. J., and Meusel, J. W.,
Page 89 and 90: 58.AASHTO, “Standard Specificatio
Page 91 and 92:
Fig. A2- Steel cube molds Curing. T
Page 93 and 94:
d γ η= 1− S a Where: Relative D
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Strength and Durability of a 70% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...

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