Strength and Durability of a 70% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...

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120 Percent of OPC 28 Day Compressive Strength 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Blaine Fineness Fig. 48- Effect of slag fineness on percent of OPC mix 28 day strength for mixes containing 70 percent slag Also, for the 70 percent slag mixes, limited data indicates that there is not a clear relationship between cement content and percent OPC 28 day strength, as shown in Fig. 49. 59
120 Percent of OPC 28 Day Compressive Strength 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cement Content (pcy) Fig. 49- Effect of cement content on percent of OPC mix 28 day strength for mixes containing 70 percent slag Thus, the fact that the MoDOT GGBFS mixes did not achieve strength and durability levels equal or greater than that of the OPC mix is not surprising because of the high slag replacement level and, possibly, the lower combined level of activity of the specific cement and slag used in the mixes. However, as expected, the GGBFS HRWR mix did achieve greater strengths than the plain GGBFS mix. The literature does not reveal a clear relationship between strength and freeze-thaw durability for high slag content mixes. In this study, the OPC mix exhibited good freezethaw resistance as measured by ASTM C 666 Method B. Freeze-thaw durability was lower for the GGBFS mixes than the OPC mix. This correlated with the lower strengths. Most of the conditioning methods utilizing extra wet and/or drying time intervals did little to improve the results for the slag mixes; however, under certain combinations of wet plus dry curing periods, the slag mix Durability Factors did approach that of the OPC mix. However, the trends in the combinations were not consistent. Overall, the air void systems of the slag mixes, which were somewhat inferior relative to the OPC mixes, could be a factor in the explanation of the GGBFS mixes’ poorer freeze-thaw performance, but the differences in systems were not great, and the slag mix air void system parameters did meet ASTM and ACI recommendations. The variation in DF results as a function of curing and conditioning methods points out the difficulty in prediction of field performance from variations of the ASTM C666 procedure. 60
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Page 3 and 4:
TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents Acknowledgements.
Page 7 and 8:
List of Figures Fig. 1-Effect of sl
Page 9 and 10:
List of Tables Table 1-Material Sup
Page 11 and 12:
Literature Search General The gener
Page 13 and 14:
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calci
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amount was 50%. Lane and Ozyildirum
Page 17 and 18: Effect of slag characteristics. Bec
Page 19 and 20: 50%, chloride permeability dropped
Page 21 and 22: the carbonation rate increased with
Page 23 and 24: Phase I: Field Investigation Genera
Page 25 and 26: Table 5-GGBFS with HRWR mix proport
Page 27 and 28: Upon fabrication, the specimens wer
Page 29 and 30: Compressive Strength Compressive st
Page 31 and 32: Salt Scaling Salt scaling resistanc
Page 33 and 34: were done manually by RDT personnel
Page 35 and 36: From observation of Tables 3-5 and
Page 37 and 38: 8000 7000 Compressive strength (psi
Page 39 and 40: 8000 Compressive Strength (psi) 700
Page 41 and 42: 7000 56 Day Compressive Strength (p
Page 43 and 44: 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 28 day
Page 45 and 46: 7000 28 Day Compressive Strength (p
Page 47 and 48: 100 Avg 90 80 12-14-99 12-14-99 12-
Page 49 and 50: 100 90 80 Durability Factor 70 60 5
Page 51 and 52: 100 90 80 Durability Factor 70 60 5
Page 53 and 54: 0.2 0.15 Length Change (%) 0.1 0.05
Page 55 and 56: 0.16 0.14 0.12 Length Change (%) 0.
Page 57 and 58: 1.2 1 0.8 Weight Change (%) 0.6 0.4
Page 59 and 60: 8000 7000 6000 Pour 1 Pour 2 Averag
Page 61 and 62: 92.0 90.0 Voids Less Than 0.006 in.
Page 63 and 64: 60 Temperature Differential (C) 50
Page 65 and 66: Previously, it was pointed out that
Page 67: 160 Percent of OPC 28 Day Compressi
Page 71 and 72: Table 13- Type I Mixes w/cm TCM OPC
Page 73 and 74: Table 17- ASTM C 989 Reference Ceme
Page 75 and 76: Results and Discussion Experimental
Page 77 and 78: the PC content when working with la
Page 79 and 80: 3000 Increase in 56 Day Net Compres
Page 81 and 82: 5000 Net 56 Day Compressive Strengt
Page 83 and 84: strengths. The difference in streng
Page 85 and 86: 2) The curing regime for freeze-tha
Page 87 and 88: 26.Hogan, F. J., and Meusel, J. W.,
Page 89 and 90: 58.AASHTO, “Standard Specificatio
Page 91 and 92: Fig. A2- Steel cube molds Curing. T
Page 93 and 94: d γ η= 1− S a Where: Relative D
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Strength and Durability of a 70% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...

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