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This document has been prepared for the European Commission and the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. However, it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Contractor: ICF GHK 146 Rue Royale Brussels B-1000 T +32 (0) 2 275 01 00 F +32 (0) 2 275 01 09 brussels@ghkint.com www.ghkint.com Prepared by Allison Dunne, Daniela Ulicna, Ilona Murphy, Maria Golubeva Checked by Daniela Ulicna, Margaret James Edited by European Commission, February 2014 1
Table of Contents Executive summary 4 Résumé 15 Zusammenfassung 27 Glossary 38 1 About this study 40 1.1 Context 40 1.2 Methodology 44 1.3 Discussion of the methodology 51 2 What is youth work 53 2.1 Frameworks of youth work 53 2.2 Youth work as a scientific concept 55 2.3 Blurred borders between youth work and other policies 60 2.4 Activities of organisations carrying out youth work 62 2.5 Types of organisations engaging in youth work 63 2.6 Different types of youth work 65 2.7 The tradition and development of youth work 68 2.8 Trends during the last decade 70 3 Legal framework 88 3.2 Funding 90 3.3 Definitions and recognition 91 3.4 Responsible bodies 91 3.5 Requirements and responsibilities 92 3.6 Summary 92 4 Governance 93 4.2 Cross-government governance 94 4.3 Consultation as part of the governance structure for youth work 95 5 Political landscape 96 5.1 EU Youth Strategy 96 5.2 National strategies for youth work 97 5.3 Funding for youth work 99 5.4 Impact of the economic crisis on public funding 102 5.5 Priorities of government youth policies and funding programmes104 5.6 Policy developments affecting youth work 107 6 Youth workers across the EU 109 6.1 The profile of youth workers 109 6.2 Support for youth workers 124 6.3 Equipping the sector to deliver 128 6.4 Summary 131 7 Outcomes of youth work 132 7.1 Who takes part in youth work 132 7.2 What are the results of youth work 137 2
Page 1: Working with young people: the valu
Page 5 and 6: Working with young people: The valu
Page 7 and 8: Objectives of the activities types
Page 9 and 10: Beyond the individual level outcome
Page 11 and 12: Reach of youth work A challenge whe
Page 13 and 14: Impact of economic crisis on youth
Page 15 and 16: voluntary) to recognise the experie
Page 17 and 18: Tous les pays ne disposent pas d’
Page 19 and 20: La conjugaison de la demande accrue
Page 21 and 22: Bien que la finalité première de
Page 23 and 24: Un jeune sur cinq a pris part à de
Page 25 and 26: Impact de la crise économique sur
Page 27 and 28: simplement une question de qualific
Page 29 and 30: Typologie der Jugendarbeit Da der B
Page 31 and 32: Da die Nachfrage nach Jugendarbeit
Page 33 and 34: Der Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts bes
Page 35 and 36: Unterstützung der Rahmenbedingunge
Page 37 and 38: etroffenen Interessengruppen in die
Page 39 and 40: Glossary A glossary of key terms us
Page 41 and 42: 1 About this study 1.1 Context The
Page 43 and 44: ■ The situation for young people
Page 45 and 46: Chapter Four addresses the main res
Page 47 and 48: 1.2.1 Country reports Following the
Page 49 and 50: ■ Aimed at specific target groups
Page 51 and 52: Example entrums (SE) Service civiqu
Page 53 and 54:
work. An important element in draft
Page 55 and 56:
The analysis of country reports for
Page 57 and 58:
A theoretical perspective can provi
Page 59 and 60:
model is based on the youth worker
Page 61 and 62:
theory of social pedagogy would pro
Page 63 and 64:
equirements) following a rather sta
Page 65 and 66:
■ ■ Outreach work can be connec
Page 67 and 68:
Objectives of the activities Figure
Page 69 and 70:
Example 4 - Focussing on a specific
Page 71 and 72:
asis of revolutionary approaches, e
Page 73 and 74:
those involved in this initiative,
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2.8.3 Changing emphasis of youth wo
Page 77 and 78:
given the task to concentrate on
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standards set out in the framework.
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the first stop for young people, pa
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elation to their professional oppor
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Whilst youth work has seen a trend
Page 87 and 88:
Therefore, youth work can be said t
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3 Legal framework The practice of y
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to a lack of awareness, particularl
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prescribes that the duty of educati
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Research and Sport Estonia Ministry
Page 97 and 98:
national level, but are consultativ
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Figure 5.1 National strategies cove
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Given the variety of streams of fun
Page 103 and 104:
Country Relative amount spent on yo
Page 105 and 106:
volunteers) or a greater emphasis o
Page 107 and 108:
Whilst these priorities send the me
Page 109 and 110:
Where progress in prioritising yout
Page 111 and 112:
country report, it is primarily soc
Page 113 and 114:
The box on the following page highl
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 6.1 Estimated youth worker p
Page 117 and 118:
■ ■ Bulgaria 138 and Romania 13
Page 119 and 120:
the individual is recruited, meanin
Page 121 and 122:
upper secondary vocational qualific
Page 123 and 124:
satisfaction from the work that the
Page 125 and 126:
staff/volunteer turnover presents a
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 6.4 Evidence of further trai
Page 129 and 130:
6.3 Equipping the sector to deliver
Page 131 and 132:
Whilst in some countries there is q
Page 133 and 134:
7 Outcomes of youth work To underst
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Figure 7.2 shows the EU averages fo
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Source: Flash Eurobarometer survey
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■ ■ and long established forms
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Author Carbonaro (2010) Department
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Others frequently mentioned words t
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■ There is some evidence that par
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■ The programme leading young peo
Page 149 and 150:
■ ■ Hands-on courses are design
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7.2.3.3 Health and well-being Youth
Page 153 and 154:
services. Support is free, confiden
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and in particular volunteering amon
Page 157 and 158:
positively affect young people’s
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7.2.3.6 Social inclusion As for man
Page 161 and 162:
7.2.3.7 Youth and the world The con
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7.2.3.8 Culture As discussed in Sec
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dance, music, photography) and make
Page 167 and 168:
on the ability to form non-stigmati
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Success factor Target groups Exampl
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Flexibility, accessibility and acti
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Involving young people in the desig
Page 175 and 176:
Strength of approach: Whilst the ap
Page 177 and 178:
Enjoyable and fun setting for young
Page 179 and 180:
which focus on specific groups. Alo
Page 181 and 182:
■ professional development; - You
Page 183 and 184:
Health and well-being outcomes ■
Page 185 and 186:
9.1.7 Youth workers As already ment
Page 187 and 188:
Opportunities Growing body of inter
Page 189 and 190:
Davies, B., 2013. Youth work in a c
Page 191 and 192:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploa
Page 193 and 194:
ANNEXES 191
Page 195 and 196:
Country Legislation SL Act on Publi
Page 197 and 198:
Annex 2 National strategies Country
Page 199 and 200:
Annex 3 Policies and programmes to
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Country National programmes Focus,
Page 203 and 204:
Country National programmes Focus,
Page 205 and 206:
Summary Country Policy developments
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211:
European Commission - Directorate-G
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