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8 Youth work success factors 164 8.1 Success factors of youth policy and youth work as reflected in literature 164 8.2 What elements make up successful youth work practice 166 9 Conclusions 176 9.1 Main findings 176 9.2 SWOT analysis of youth work in the EU 184 10 Bibliography 186 Annex 1 Legislation 192 Annex 2 National strategies 195 Annex 3 Policies and programmes to develop youth work 197 Annex 4 Critical policy developments affecting youth work 202 3
Working with young people: The value of youth work in the EU Executive summary About this study The history of providing youth work for young people varies depending on the Member State, but youth work is not a new concept in the EU and the landscape of youth work continues to evolve. Although youth work has greater recognition and visibility today in comparison to the past, there is still much to be done as there is a need to recognise youth work for the contribution and value it has in the lives of young people. In consideration of the fact that sources of data on youth work are currently scarce, this study strives to bring together existing evidence in order to facilitate the understanding and appreciation of youth work. It draws on literature in the area, a mapping of national contexts, consultation amongst stakeholders and an analysis of successful practice. The latter was conducted during the course of the study in order to gain a deeper understanding of youth work in the EU and the contribution that it makes for young people of the EU. The report highlights the diversity of youth work practice, the variety of actors involved, the observable trends in the sector, features of successful youth work and the range of outcomes associated with that success. Furthermore, it presents a comparative overview of the frameworks which support youth work at the national level across the EU. Whilst youth work practice will take place regardless of whether countries provide a policy framework of support for the sector or not, EU and national level policies and funding provisions have the potential to frame and shape the practice of youth work. These should be designed so as to further strengthen the capacity of the sector to provide meaningful activities for young people in their leisure time that lead to identifiable successful outcomes for youth in the EU. What is youth work The term ‘youth work’ is used to describe a diverse range of activities, topics and measures provided by a range of actors in assorted fields and settings. However, at the heart of youth work there are three core features that define it as youth work distinct from other policy fields: ■ a focus on young people, ■ personal development, and ■ voluntary participation. Not all countries have a formal definition of youth work and amongst those that do, there is a variety of definitions. Based on a review of national definitions and experts’ views, this study identified that the following characteristics are frequently cited when describing youth work: 4
Page 1 and 2: Working with young people: the valu
Page 3: Table of Contents Executive summary
Page 7 and 8: Objectives of the activities types
Page 9 and 10: Beyond the individual level outcome
Page 11 and 12: Reach of youth work A challenge whe
Page 13 and 14: Impact of economic crisis on youth
Page 15 and 16: voluntary) to recognise the experie
Page 17 and 18: Tous les pays ne disposent pas d’
Page 19 and 20: La conjugaison de la demande accrue
Page 21 and 22: Bien que la finalité première de
Page 23 and 24: Un jeune sur cinq a pris part à de
Page 25 and 26: Impact de la crise économique sur
Page 27 and 28: simplement une question de qualific
Page 29 and 30: Typologie der Jugendarbeit Da der B
Page 31 and 32: Da die Nachfrage nach Jugendarbeit
Page 33 and 34: Der Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts bes
Page 35 and 36: Unterstützung der Rahmenbedingunge
Page 37 and 38: etroffenen Interessengruppen in die
Page 39 and 40: Glossary A glossary of key terms us
Page 41 and 42: 1 About this study 1.1 Context The
Page 43 and 44: ■ The situation for young people
Page 45 and 46: Chapter Four addresses the main res
Page 47 and 48: 1.2.1 Country reports Following the
Page 49 and 50: ■ Aimed at specific target groups
Page 51 and 52: Example entrums (SE) Service civiqu
Page 53 and 54: work. An important element in draft
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The analysis of country reports for
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A theoretical perspective can provi
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model is based on the youth worker
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theory of social pedagogy would pro
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equirements) following a rather sta
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■ ■ Outreach work can be connec
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Objectives of the activities Figure
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Example 4 - Focussing on a specific
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asis of revolutionary approaches, e
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those involved in this initiative,
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2.8.3 Changing emphasis of youth wo
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given the task to concentrate on
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standards set out in the framework.
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the first stop for young people, pa
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elation to their professional oppor
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Whilst youth work has seen a trend
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Therefore, youth work can be said t
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3 Legal framework The practice of y
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to a lack of awareness, particularl
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prescribes that the duty of educati
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Research and Sport Estonia Ministry
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national level, but are consultativ
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Figure 5.1 National strategies cove
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Given the variety of streams of fun
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Country Relative amount spent on yo
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volunteers) or a greater emphasis o
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Whilst these priorities send the me
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Where progress in prioritising yout
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country report, it is primarily soc
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The box on the following page highl
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Figure 6.1 Estimated youth worker p
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■ ■ Bulgaria 138 and Romania 13
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the individual is recruited, meanin
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upper secondary vocational qualific
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satisfaction from the work that the
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staff/volunteer turnover presents a
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Figure 6.4 Evidence of further trai
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6.3 Equipping the sector to deliver
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Whilst in some countries there is q
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7 Outcomes of youth work To underst
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Figure 7.2 shows the EU averages fo
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Source: Flash Eurobarometer survey
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■ ■ and long established forms
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Author Carbonaro (2010) Department
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Others frequently mentioned words t
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■ There is some evidence that par
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■ The programme leading young peo
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■ ■ Hands-on courses are design
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7.2.3.3 Health and well-being Youth
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services. Support is free, confiden
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and in particular volunteering amon
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positively affect young people’s
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7.2.3.6 Social inclusion As for man
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7.2.3.7 Youth and the world The con
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7.2.3.8 Culture As discussed in Sec
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dance, music, photography) and make
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on the ability to form non-stigmati
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Success factor Target groups Exampl
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Flexibility, accessibility and acti
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Involving young people in the desig
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Strength of approach: Whilst the ap
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Enjoyable and fun setting for young
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which focus on specific groups. Alo
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■ professional development; - You
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Health and well-being outcomes ■
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9.1.7 Youth workers As already ment
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Opportunities Growing body of inter
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Davies, B., 2013. Youth work in a c
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https://www.gov.uk/government/uploa
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ANNEXES 191
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Country Legislation SL Act on Publi
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Annex 2 National strategies Country
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Annex 3 Policies and programmes to
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Country National programmes Focus,
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Country National programmes Focus,
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Summary Country Policy developments
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Page 209 and 210:
Page 211:
European Commission - Directorate-G
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