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Typology of youth work Given the range of activities that fall under the umbrella of youth work this study proposes a typology of youth work practice to capture the types of activities and the focus of youth work. The proposed typology consists of two axes distinguishing between the objectives and the target group of the youth work activity. Most youth work activities fall somewhere along the continuum of these axes. Youth work activities at one end of the target group axis are those that are universal (targeting all young people) and at the other end those which focus on specific target groups of young people. The other axis representing the objectives of youth work runs from youth work with a broad goal of personal development to youth work with very specific issues it wishes to address. Many organisations deliver some activities that have a specific target group focus and others that are open to all young people. The types of activities can be partially linked to the types of expected outcomes and therefore to the discussion of the value of youth work. This report shows a range of outcomes of youth work but not all 5
Objectives of the activities types of activities have the potential to result in the full range of outcomes. The typology together with the discussion on outcomes could be seen as a way to clarify the focus of a specific youth work activity and related expected outcomes. Issue based focus Target group Not specified Universal provision Specific groups Personal development in general Trends in youth work in the last decade The youth work sector continues to evolve and is gaining increasing prominence on the political agenda at the EU and Member State levels. Youth work organisations themselves also adapt to the changing needs and contexts of young people. There are a number of key trends that were highlighted on the basis of the stakeholder interviews, country reports and case-studies carried out during this study with implications for both policy and practice. 6
Page 1 and 2: Working with young people: the valu
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Executive summary
Page 5: Working with young people: The valu
Page 9 and 10: Beyond the individual level outcome
Page 11 and 12: Reach of youth work A challenge whe
Page 13 and 14: Impact of economic crisis on youth
Page 15 and 16: voluntary) to recognise the experie
Page 17 and 18: Tous les pays ne disposent pas d’
Page 19 and 20: La conjugaison de la demande accrue
Page 21 and 22: Bien que la finalité première de
Page 23 and 24: Un jeune sur cinq a pris part à de
Page 25 and 26: Impact de la crise économique sur
Page 27 and 28: simplement une question de qualific
Page 29 and 30: Typologie der Jugendarbeit Da der B
Page 31 and 32: Da die Nachfrage nach Jugendarbeit
Page 33 and 34: Der Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts bes
Page 35 and 36: Unterstützung der Rahmenbedingunge
Page 37 and 38: etroffenen Interessengruppen in die
Page 39 and 40: Glossary A glossary of key terms us
Page 41 and 42: 1 About this study 1.1 Context The
Page 43 and 44: ■ The situation for young people
Page 45 and 46: Chapter Four addresses the main res
Page 47 and 48: 1.2.1 Country reports Following the
Page 49 and 50: ■ Aimed at specific target groups
Page 51 and 52: Example entrums (SE) Service civiqu
Page 53 and 54: work. An important element in draft
Page 55 and 56: The analysis of country reports for
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A theoretical perspective can provi
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model is based on the youth worker
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theory of social pedagogy would pro
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equirements) following a rather sta
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■ ■ Outreach work can be connec
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Objectives of the activities Figure
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Example 4 - Focussing on a specific
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asis of revolutionary approaches, e
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those involved in this initiative,
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2.8.3 Changing emphasis of youth wo
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given the task to concentrate on
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standards set out in the framework.
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the first stop for young people, pa
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elation to their professional oppor
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Whilst youth work has seen a trend
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Therefore, youth work can be said t
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3 Legal framework The practice of y
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to a lack of awareness, particularl
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prescribes that the duty of educati
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Research and Sport Estonia Ministry
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national level, but are consultativ
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Figure 5.1 National strategies cove
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Given the variety of streams of fun
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Country Relative amount spent on yo
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volunteers) or a greater emphasis o
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Whilst these priorities send the me
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Where progress in prioritising yout
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country report, it is primarily soc
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The box on the following page highl
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Figure 6.1 Estimated youth worker p
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■ ■ Bulgaria 138 and Romania 13
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the individual is recruited, meanin
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upper secondary vocational qualific
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satisfaction from the work that the
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staff/volunteer turnover presents a
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Figure 6.4 Evidence of further trai
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6.3 Equipping the sector to deliver
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Whilst in some countries there is q
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7 Outcomes of youth work To underst
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Figure 7.2 shows the EU averages fo
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Source: Flash Eurobarometer survey
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■ ■ and long established forms
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Author Carbonaro (2010) Department
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Others frequently mentioned words t
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■ There is some evidence that par
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■ The programme leading young peo
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■ ■ Hands-on courses are design
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7.2.3.3 Health and well-being Youth
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services. Support is free, confiden
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and in particular volunteering amon
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positively affect young people’s
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7.2.3.6 Social inclusion As for man
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7.2.3.7 Youth and the world The con
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7.2.3.8 Culture As discussed in Sec
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dance, music, photography) and make
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on the ability to form non-stigmati
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Success factor Target groups Exampl
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Flexibility, accessibility and acti
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Involving young people in the desig
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Strength of approach: Whilst the ap
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Enjoyable and fun setting for young
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which focus on specific groups. Alo
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■ professional development; - You
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Health and well-being outcomes ■
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9.1.7 Youth workers As already ment
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Opportunities Growing body of inter
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Davies, B., 2013. Youth work in a c
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https://www.gov.uk/government/uploa
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ANNEXES 191
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Country Legislation SL Act on Publi
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Annex 2 National strategies Country
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Annex 3 Policies and programmes to
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Country National programmes Focus,
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Country National programmes Focus,
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Summary Country Policy developments
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Page 209 and 210:
Page 211:
European Commission - Directorate-G
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