Renewable Energy in Industrial Applications â an ... - Unido
Renewable Energy in Industrial Applications â an ... - Unido
Renewable Energy in Industrial Applications â an ... - Unido
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IV. HEAT PUMPS<br />
A. HEAT PUMPS FOR<br />
PROCESS HEAT<br />
Heat pumps c<strong>an</strong> take heat from the environment<br />
or from waste heat streams <strong>an</strong>d supply it to<br />
<strong>in</strong>dustrial applications without the need to burn<br />
<strong>an</strong>y fuel. In applications where the pump<strong>in</strong>g<br />
energy <strong>in</strong>put is <strong>in</strong> the form of electricity produced<br />
from renewable energy sources, heat pumps are<br />
a fully renewable energy technology. Where the<br />
electricity is generated from fossil fuels, only part<br />
of the energy output of heat pumps c<strong>an</strong> be<br />
regarded as renewable (Figure 13). So, for<br />
example, if the electricity comes from fossil fuel<br />
generation with <strong>an</strong> efficiency of 40%, the<br />
coefficient of perform<strong>an</strong>ce 12 of the heat pump<br />
needs to be higher th<strong>an</strong> 2.5 if the pump is to<br />
save primary energy <strong>an</strong>d be considered as<br />
provid<strong>in</strong>g renewable heat. The amount of useful<br />
heat provided must be higher th<strong>an</strong> the primary<br />
energy consumed.<br />
Figure 13<br />
Calculation of the renewable energy contribution of a heat pump, accord<strong>in</strong>g to the<br />
Europe<strong>an</strong> <strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Directive<br />
12<br />
The coefficient of perform<strong>an</strong>ce is the ratio of useful output energy <strong>an</strong>d useful <strong>in</strong>put energy under st<strong>an</strong>dardized test<strong>in</strong>g conditions<br />
37
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