Guidelines for humane handling, transport and slaughter of

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iv welfare. Changes in developing countries towards more humane treatment of slaughter stock must come about by joint efforts of governments, producers, the meat industry and desirably also with the help of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). However, FAO in cooperation with NGOs could be in a position to co-ordinate these efforts as well as provide technical advice and assistance. This publication is provided as a joint effort between FAO and the NGO Humane Society International (HSI), to offer guidance to animal welfare personnel, transport operators, farmers and slaughterhouse management etc. in improving slaughter, livestock productivity and welfare. The authors are Philip G. Chambers (formerly Deputy Director of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Services, Bulawayo/Zimbabwe), Temple Grandin (Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences at Colorado State University, USA), Gunter Heinz (Animal Production Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok/Thailand) and Thinnarat Srisuvan (Veterinary Officer, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok/Thailand). Illustrations were contributed by P.G. Chambers (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 45, 47, 49, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 73, 74), T. Grandin (Fig. 11, 13), G. Heinz (Fig. 1, 6, 16, 18, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77) and HSI (Fig. 51).
v INTRODUCTION Livestock referred to in this manual are animals from which meat is produced. Types of food animals vary in different parts of the world. This booklet will refer mainly to cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry and ostriches. Other slaughter animals of relevance in particular in developing countries are buffaloes, camels and rabbits. The transformation of slaughter animals into meat is a chain of events including handling and loading on the farm, transport to the market, pens or slaughterhouse, off-loading and holding and finally slaughter. During these procedures poor operational techniques and facilities will lead to unnecessary suffering, injury and loss of production. There are many advantages to improving conditions for livestock destined for slaughter. These will have the benefit of improvements in productivity, animal welfare and personnel safety. Increased production through humane treatment of slaughter animals can be achieved, for example, through: • reduced carcass damage and waste and higher value due to less bruising and injury; • decreased mortality; • improved quality of meat by reducing animal stress; • increased quality and value of hides and skins. Improving animal welfare is necessary to reduce suffering, in line with requirements of Governments, NGOs, and consumers, who are becoming more concerned with welfare of food animals. Better conditions of livestock operations will also improve safety of workers in the livestock and meat industry.
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