bronze age environment and economy in the troad - Universität ...

chapter 1: environment and archaeology
Troy I
Troy II
Troy III
Troy IV
Troy V
Troy VI
Schliemann (1871) - Dörpfeld (1893) - Korfmann and Rose (1988)
Blegen and Sperling (1932)
‛fortress’ type
10 (a-j) architectural phases
‛rectangular megaron’
dark monochrome burnished ware, Urfirnis, stylised
human facial features
Aegean imports (sauceboat)
spindle whorls and loomweights from terracotta
strongly represented
destruction by fire
eight architectural phases
fortification walls are extended
Megaron IIA
more of the pottery red to tan in colour instead of black,
depas amphikypellon, fast wheel
high level of textile production
gold and silver
enormous prosperity, wide extent of contacts (Aegean
and also in inland Turkey)
two destruction horizons, caused by fire: beginning (IIa)
and end (IIg)
small one-to three-roomed houses grouped in larger
complexes
animal figurines from terracotta
end of Troy III is marked by a demolition for unknown
reasons
houses are built of mudbrick on a stone socle again
domed oven is introduced at the beginning of the period
Most of the vases are wheel-made
demolition for unknown reasons
three to four architectural phases (Blegen)
pottery not distinguishable from Troy IV
eight sub-phases
wall of more than four meters thickness and nine meters
height
numerous pithoi, sharp break in the ceramic tradition
between Troy V and Troy VI, ‛Grey Minyan’, Mycenaean
pottery locally imitated
Megara, half-timbering an alternative building style
cemetery of cremation burials
walls were destroyed at the end of Troy VI, thought to
be an earthquake
layer older than Troy I
contemporaneity of late horizons of Troy I with
early strata from Troy II
‛Megaron’ turns out to be a sequence of joint long
houses
“Troy II remains originate from an elite, while
common people were living outside the citadel
continuing to practice Troy I traditions”
houses outside the Troy II fortification wall
multiphase gate structure
Troy III still belongs to the same line of development
in terms of ceramic production as Troy I and
II
remains of megara type buildings, an ‛Anatolian
settlement scheme’
significant evidence for the importance of the Middle
Bronze Age settlement
the walls of Troy IV could have extended far outside
the citadel walls of Troy VI
six conflagrations in succession
circumference of the Troy VI Lower City is
uncovered
stone foundations imply that a settlement outside
the citadel was planned from the beginning
evidence of wholly new architectural plans and
structures in Troy VI: a completely new population
houses with solid foundations, less stable oval-or
apsidal houses, post-or pillar buildings interpreted
as reflecting social differences within the population
high population density in Late Bronze Age
finds of long-range weapons as argument against a
destruction of the city by an earthquake
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