chapter 10, early development and axis formation in amphibians part-2

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Mechanisms of Axis Determination in Amphibians • How does the organizer form • The dorsal signal: -catenin • The vegetal TGF--like signal • The mesodermal signal
Questions on the mechanisms How did the organizer get its properties What caused the dorsal blastopore lip to differ from any other region of the embryo What factors were being secreted from the organizer to cause the formation of the neural tube and to create the anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right axes
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 10, EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND A
Page 3 and 4: The specification of axes Vegetal
Page 5 and 6: Spemann’s demonstration of nuclea
Page 7 and 8: Determination of ectoderm during ne
Page 9: Organization of a secondary axis by
Page 13 and 14: Mesodermal induction by vegetal end
Page 15 and 16: The vegetal cells are responsible f
Page 17 and 18: The role of Wnt pathway in ventral-
Page 19 and 20: Model of the mechanism of localizat
Page 21 and 22: Induction of the organizer in the d
Page 23 and 24: Functions of the Organizer • Indu
Page 25 and 26: Ability of goosecoid mRNA to induce
Page 27 and 28: Rescue of dorsal structures by Nogg
Page 29 and 30: Localization of chordin mRNA In sit
Page 31 and 32: Control of neural specification by
Page 33 and 34: Regional specificity of induction T
Page 35 and 36: Paracrine factor antagonists from t
Page 37 and 38: Xwnt8 is ventralizing the mesoderm
Page 39 and 40: Trunk induction: The Wnt signaling
Page 41 and 42: Model of organizer function and axi
Page 43: Left-Right Axis: Pitx2 determines t

chapter 10, early development and axis formation in amphibians part-2

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