chapter 10, early development and axis formation in amphibians part-2

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Model of the mechanism of localization of -catenin in the dorsal portion Inactivation of GSK3 on both blastomeres of 2 cell. Formation of 2 nd axis. GSK3 is one of the key to determine the ventral-dorsal axis through -catenin.
Induction of the organizer in the dorsal mesoderm • Tcf3, ubiquitous transcription factor • -catenin/Tcf3 complex can activate the transcription. • Goosecoid protein, transcription factor which can activate genes in organizer. Difference of -catenin expression cause the ventraldorsal axis.
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 10, EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND A
Page 3 and 4: The specification of axes Vegetal
Page 5 and 6: Spemann’s demonstration of nuclea
Page 7 and 8: Determination of ectoderm during ne
Page 9 and 10: Organization of a secondary axis by
Page 11 and 12: Questions on the mechanisms How di
Page 13 and 14: Mesodermal induction by vegetal end
Page 15 and 16: The vegetal cells are responsible f
Page 17 and 18: The role of Wnt pathway in ventral-
Page 19: Model of the mechanism of localizat
Page 23 and 24: Functions of the Organizer • Indu
Page 25 and 26: Ability of goosecoid mRNA to induce
Page 27 and 28: Rescue of dorsal structures by Nogg
Page 29 and 30: Localization of chordin mRNA In sit
Page 31 and 32: Control of neural specification by
Page 33 and 34: Regional specificity of induction T
Page 35 and 36: Paracrine factor antagonists from t
Page 37 and 38: Xwnt8 is ventralizing the mesoderm
Page 39 and 40: Trunk induction: The Wnt signaling
Page 41 and 42: Model of organizer function and axi
Page 43: Left-Right Axis: Pitx2 determines t

chapter 10, early development and axis formation in amphibians part-2

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