Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry - E-Library Home

Contents
Preface
Representation of Protein Three-Dimensional Structures
ix
x
1 From Jack Beans to Designer Genes 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The discovery of enzymes 1
1.3 The discovery of coenzymes 3
1.4 The commercial importance of enzymes in biosynthesis
and biotechnology 3
1.5 The importance of enzymes as targets for drug discovery 6
2 All Enzymes are Proteins 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 The structures of the l-a-amino acids 8
2.3 The primary structure of polypeptides 10
2.4 Alignment of amino acid sequences 12
2.5 Secondary structures found in proteins 13
2.6 The folded tertiary structure of proteins 16
2.7 Enzyme structure and function 19
2.8 Metallo-enzymes 22
2.9 Membrane-associated enzymes 23
2.10 Glycoproteins 24
3 Enzymes are Wonderful Catalysts 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 A thermodynamic model of catalysis 31
3.3 Proximity eVects 33
3.4 The importance of transition state stabilisation 36
3.5 Acid/base catalysis in enzymatic reactions 37
3.6 Nucleophilic catalysis in enzymatic reactions 41
3.7 The use of strain energy in enzyme catalysis 45
3.8 Catalytic perfection 47
3.9 The involvement of protein dynamics in enzyme catalysis 47
4 Methods for Studying Enzymatic Reactions 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Enzyme puriWcation 51
4.3 Enzyme kinetics 54
4.4 The stereochemical course of an enzymatic reaction 60
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