Sustainability of rice in the global food system - IRRI books

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Part II: Food Systems
Page 2 and 3: SUSTAINABILITY OF RICE IN THE GLOBA
Page 4 and 5: Contents PREFACE V.W. Ruttan V CHAP
Page 6: Preface Rice is the primary food gr
Page 9 and 10: sustainability macrocosm, particula
Page 11 and 12: All the participants believed stron
Page 13 and 14: Part III contains nine chapters:
Page 16: Part I: Food Security
Page 19 and 20: unfulfillable goal, whereas people
Page 21 and 22: Building national capacity for an i
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 3 Sustaining food security
Page 28 and 29: Table 1. Level of food consumption
Page 30 and 31: Table 3. Size and structure of oper
Page 32 and 33: countries is therefore to maintain
Page 34 and 35: Effect on input markets The growing
Page 36 and 37: stock products will also grow stron
Page 38 and 39: exorbitant land prices that prohibi
Page 40 and 41: Table 9. Projections of population
Page 42 and 43: now being used in breeding programs
Page 44 and 45: gated ecosystem, which can only be
Page 46 and 47: over the past three decades. The fa
Page 48 and 49: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organizat
Page 50: Sidhu SS, Baanante CA. 1984. Agricu
Page 53 and 54: From such rice landscapes the stapl
Page 55 and 56: crops, this system is likely to be
Page 57 and 58: Because rice was sown in separate s
Page 59 and 60: Equity, security, and sustainabilit
Page 61 and 62: independence state was able to mobi
Page 63 and 64: their problems as they arose. But e
Page 65 and 66: the benefits of this diversificatio
Page 67 and 68: diers, but cultivating the quintess
Page 69 and 70: concern is widely shared and, in a
Page 71 and 72: References Allen P, editor. 1993a.
Page 73 and 74:
Perdue P. 1987. Exhausting the eart
Page 75 and 76:
analysis down a notch, to what I ha
Page 77 and 78:
adaptability. In contrast to evolut
Page 79 and 80:
y the development of new technologi
Page 81 and 82:
Table 1. Political economy paradigm
Page 83 and 84:
Table 3 continued. Conventional eco
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4. Levels of technology and v
Page 87 and 88:
amount of meat in the diet]. Unfort
Page 89 and 90:
world’s poor, to which overriding
Page 91 and 92:
scale systems are powerful and thei
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 3. Conceptual approaches to fo
Page 95 and 96:
Fig. 4. Conceptual framework of res
Page 97 and 98:
truth or as detached observers. The
Page 99 and 100:
Rambo AT, Chantalakhana C, Seetisar
Page 102 and 103:
CHAPTER 6 Challenges for rice resea
Page 104 and 105:
Upland rice is grown on 17 million
Page 106 and 107:
CHAPTER 7 Genetic enhancement of ri
Page 108 and 109:
The Green Revolution in Asia starte
Page 110 and 111:
among varieties and over a wide ran
Page 112 and 113:
variety (Yoshida 1981). Breeders ra
Page 114 and 115:
Breeding for the new plant type Pas
Page 116 and 117:
8. We should also compare the effic
Page 118 and 119:
factors. Scobie et al (1993) estima
Page 120 and 121:
Water-related stresses In the botan
Page 122 and 123:
eproduce normally with small amount
Page 124 and 125:
techniques. But breeding cultivars
Page 126 and 127:
these marker-aided selection (MAS)
Page 128 and 129:
Gregorio GB, Senadhira D. 1993. Gen
Page 130 and 131:
O’Toole JC. 1982. Adaptation of r
Page 132:
Woperies MCS, Kropff MJ, Hunt ED, S
Page 135 and 136:
vance with far-reaching consequence
Page 137 and 138:
Fig. 1. Partial net K and P balance
Page 139 and 140:
Tropical wetland soils are known fo
Page 141 and 142:
Fig. 2. Distinct similarity profile
Page 143 and 144:
specific management will take time,
Page 145 and 146:
Caveat: moving intensified rice cul
Page 147 and 148:
References Anderson JPE, Domsch KH.
Page 149 and 150:
Kawaguchi K, Kyuma K. 1977. Paddy s
Page 151 and 152:
Swaminathan MS. 1991. Sustainable a
Page 153 and 154:
Schoenly et al (this volume, Chapte
Page 155 and 156:
influence population dynamics, and
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 2. Damage functions for three
Page 159 and 160:
New directions for host-plant resis
Page 161 and 162:
(S) linked to a DNA marker allele (
Page 163 and 164:
Rice transformation Although techni
Page 165 and 166:
deployment of some of these cultiva
Page 167 and 168:
esistance to even highly divergent
Page 169 and 170:
Khush GS. 1984. Terminology for ric
Page 171 and 172:
Zadoks JC. 1967. Types of losses ca
Page 173 and 174:
decreased availability of adequate
Page 175 and 176:
et al 1984). Similar adverse enviro
Page 177 and 178:
The rice accessions that showed all
Page 179 and 180:
Kon KF. 1993. Weed management: towa
Page 182 and 183:
CHAPTER 11 Management of water as a
Page 184 and 185:
Fig. 1. Per capita available water
Page 186 and 187:
Water quality deterioration—cause
Page 188 and 189:
Opportunities for increasing irriga
Page 190 and 191:
Table 2. Yields of wet-seeded rice
Page 192 and 193:
Opportunities for increasing crop w
Page 194 and 195:
Much effort is currently being dire
Page 196 and 197:
such as nitrogen and pesticide use,
Page 198 and 199:
Ludlow MM, Muchow RC. 1990. A criti
Page 200 and 201:
CHAPTER 12 Securing the future of i
Page 202 and 203:
Rice yield response follows a dimin
Page 204 and 205:
Traditional research produced the G
Page 206 and 207:
National agricultural research syst
Page 208 and 209:
nication). Farmers should therefore
Page 210:
Peterson TA, Blackmer TM, Francis D
Page 213 and 214:
Prize committee; the effect of gree
Page 215 and 216:
Fig. 1. Leaf photosynthetic rates o
Page 217 and 218:
Table 1. Plant growth properties of
Page 219 and 220:
change scenarios and obtained an ov
Page 221 and 222:
Fig. 4. A schematic view of the met
Page 223 and 224:
Fig. 5. Diel pattern of methane emi
Page 225 and 226:
Fig. 6. Methane emission rates in t
Page 227 and 228:
nitrification and also causes losse
Page 229 and 230:
Bronson KF, Cassman KG, Wassmann R,
Page 231 and 232:
Notes Authors’ address: Internati
Page 233 and 234:
the necessary critical mass of expe
Page 235 and 236:
showed 15 N dilution amounting to a
Page 237 and 238:
tion in higher plants was reported
Page 239 and 240:
Fig. 2. A three-phase plan for engi
Page 241 and 242:
Gramineae (see Wagoner 1990, for a
Page 243 and 244:
236 Bennett et al
Page 245 and 246:
Carbon uptake by leaves Nitrogen up
Page 247 and 248:
Chittenden LM, Schertz KF, Lin RA,
Page 249 and 250:
Sandhu GR, Aslam Z, Salim M, Sattar
Page 252:
Part IV: Rice Production Systems: B
Page 255 and 256:
From the standpoint of species-leve
Page 258 and 259:
CHAPTER 16 Rice genetic resources M
Page 260 and 261:
Table 1 continued. Complex/species
Page 262 and 263:
Asia, Africa, South and Central Ame
Page 264 and 265:
changes have also contributed to th
Page 266 and 267:
height), except when this gene is p
Page 268 and 269:
traditional varieties may be geneti
Page 270 and 271:
DNA markers such as random amplifie
Page 272 and 273:
Use: farmers’ perspectives Rice f
Page 274 and 275:
classifying germplasm—e.g., those
Page 276 and 277:
Table 4. Some examples of the use o
Page 278 and 279:
We are identifying whether the gene
Page 280 and 281:
Increasing genetic diversity for ap
Page 282 and 283:
for Food and Agriculture. Three ele
Page 284 and 285:
Amante-Bordeos A, Sitch LA, Nelson
Page 286 and 287:
Frankel OH, Brown AHD, Burdon JJ. 1
Page 288 and 289:
Lin MS. 1991. Genetic base of Japon
Page 290:
Sperling L, Loevinsohn ME, Ntabomvu
Page 293 and 294:
Fig. 1. Habitat zones and dominant
Page 295 and 296:
issues with rice IPM, Asian and Aus
Page 297 and 298:
changes across boundaries within la
Page 299 and 300:
ditional chemical inputs will likel
Page 301 and 302:
Early concepts linking environmenta
Page 303 and 304:
Catling D. 1992. Rice in deepwater.
Page 305 and 306:
Schoenly KG, Cohen JE, Heong KL, Li
Page 308:
Part V: Economic Considerations
Page 311 and 312:
Revolution. First, I review the maj
Page 313 and 314:
Table 2. continued. Pre-1965 1966-7
Page 315 and 316:
Table 3. Routes of varietal release
Page 317 and 318:
farms in each district. Each variet
Page 319 and 320:
problems). There appears to be futu
Page 321 and 322:
ticipating country. The IRPB activi
Page 323 and 324:
.04 .26 .18 .14 .14 .01 .02 .06 .05
Page 325 and 326:
Table 5. The South Asia rice nonpri
Page 327 and 328:
Khush GS. 1996. Prospects of and ap
Page 329 and 330:
A (not so) unique food Rice has its
Page 331 and 332:
Two essentials for continued growth
Page 333 and 334:
Loss of rice fields Even with unpre
Page 335 and 336:
nitrogen and hence, given the high
Page 337 and 338:
The atmospheric concentration of me
Page 340:
Part VI: Case Studies
Page 343 and 344:
Fig. 1. Composition of grain area i
Page 345 and 346:
Fig. 3. Rice yield in China, Japan,
Page 347 and 348:
2. What should be the priorities of
Page 349 and 350:
Table 1. Rice ecological zones in C
Page 351 and 352:
The survey was carried out in two s
Page 353 and 354:
Yield gaps To assess the yield gaps
Page 355 and 356:
Table 6. Regression analyses of exp
Page 357 and 358:
Table 8. Yield gap I for early seas
Page 359 and 360:
Table 11. Yield gap II in kg ha -1
Page 361 and 362:
Table 12. The top 20 constraints na
Page 363 and 364:
lated heat, and soil conditions. Fo
Page 365 and 366:
Planning for sustainable food secur
Page 367 and 368:
Fig. 2. Export trends (value) of ba
Page 369 and 370:
Fig. 5. Fertilizer consumption (est
Page 371 and 372:
Table 5. Rice area, production, and
Page 373 and 374:
Ecosystem Fig. 9. Rice yield potent
Page 375 and 376:
Integrated pest management Pest and
Page 377 and 378:
Table 7 continued. Ecology Haryana
Page 379 and 380:
Table 10. Insect pest and disease m
Page 381 and 382:
of input supplies. Yield gains unde
Page 383 and 384:
• Providing crop-saving irrigatio
Page 385 and 386:
Table 11. Average net per capita av
Page 387 and 388:
Table 15. Composition (%) of cereal
Page 389 and 390:
Measures on behalf of women must si
Page 391 and 392:
Indeed, the initial conviction may
Page 393 and 394:
Table 16. Available and needed tech
Page 395 and 396:
ensured. Additionally, regional and
Page 397 and 398:
Policy research and technology deve
Page 399 and 400:
• • • • • • • • •
Page 401 and 402:
• What is the potential role of o
Page 403 and 404:
Appendix 1. List of participants Sh
Page 405 and 406:
Cynthia Rosenweig CCCER@NASAGISS.GI
Page 407 and 408:
Francesca Bray has worked on both t
Page 409 and 410:
Twng Wah Mew has been a plant patho
Page 411:
world for 30 years. He has a PhD in
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