Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in Municipalities

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Technical support Vehicle management Different kinds of offices Financial management Corporate support Strategic planning Statutory planning and building approvals Project management General construction and maintenance Purchase, operation, maintenance and resale of vehicles and mobile equipment (although transport energy issues are not considered herein) Using office equipment, using lighting and heating/cooling energy, using kitchen facilities Budgets, managing contracts, financial policy Human resource management, governance community and corporate relations, legal support, catering/hospitality Long-term planning spanning economic, environmental and social issues, and covering urban development, transport and economic development Development and building approvals, management of inspections etc. Design and construction of new facilities, major refurbishments and infrastructure Property and facilities management The property and facilities management function has an important influence on energy consumption (apart from the office-based operations of the property management group, which use energy directly) resulting from municipal operations in ways that include: selection of facilities: location influences travel activity, while factors such as the energy efficiency of buildings leased, constructed and/or operated influence emissions due to heating/cooling and lighting; lease agreements: conditions such as energy performance targets can be included; maintenance practices: setting up standards of maintenance practices, including the extent to which energy management is integrated into practices; refurbishment programs which offer opportunities to incorporate energy upgrades. Activity Setting criteria for the selection and development of facilities Preparation and negotiation of contracts, leases etc Building maintenance Relevant information sheets All organizational measures O4. Leases and contracts O6. Building design and specification T1. Heating and cooling of buildings T3. Lighting (Office lighting) T6. Motors, drives, pumps and fans Health services The facilities operated for health services, such as health centres, often have significant energy requirements, especially for heating and lighting. Where these facilities are used intermittently, management for energy efficiency is often difficult. The way a municipality provides health services may also influence community’s energy consumption, depending on how far clients have to travel and what transport modes they use. In some cases, provision of municipal transport, such as a community bus, may increase municipality's own operational GHG emissions, but will reduce total emissions by avoiding use of less-efficient vehicles. The office-based operations of health services use energy directly. Health staff can also use significant amounts of transport fuel as they visit clients, attend local health centres and carry out inspections and consultations. Activity Building management Relevant information sheets T1. Heating and cooling of buildings, T3. Lighting, T4. Hot water production Parks and gardens Staff developing and maintaining parks and gardens can influence energy consumption in a number of significant ways: selection and operation of equipment and vehicles (type of fuel used, fuel-efficiency, maintenance, efficiency of operation);
management of buildings in parks, such as the lighting of toilet blocks; tree and vegetation planting strategies, which not only affect the size of carbon sinks, but may affect building energy consumption by sheltering buildings from sun or wind or affecting the amount of daylight available to windows. The office-based operations of parks and gardens staff also use energy directly. Vehicle use may also be an issue, as parks and gardens staff use trucks, mowers, mulchers and other motorized equipment, however these topics are not covered in this guidebook. Activity Equipment selection Energy management in buildings and facilities Management of green and other organic wastes Relevant information sheets O3. Purchasing policies T3. Lighting T9. Standby electricity generation (Cogeneration) T10. Renewable energy sources exploitation Information systems Information systems can consume substantial amounts of energy and resources, but using them effectively can save much greater amounts of them. The extent to which information flow and data storage occur in electronic form influences factors such as: the floor area required for document storage, which tends to be within air-conditioned spaces; ease of access to information, the need for re-typing documents and the energy used for these activities; paper use, and the resources and energy consumption associated with it (e.g. printing activity consumes energy and toner or ink, and involves investment in equipment). Information technology staff can influence energy use through: specifications they establish for new IT equipment and software, including networks; the design and operation of computer centres and their associated air-conditioning; these facilities are often very energy-intensive; the extent to which they ensure that energy-saving features such as low-power 'sleep' modes are utilized; this involves specifying appropriate systems, making sure features are enabled, and training staff to use them. Activity Developing purchasing specifications for equipment and software Design and operation of computer centre Staff training in energy-efficient computer operation Installation and maintenance of information systems and equipment Relevant information sheets O3. Purchasing policies T5. Office equipment T1. Heating and cooling of buildings T3. Lighting, T5. Office equipment T5. Office equipment O4. Leases and contracts T5. Office equipment Community facilities Some of the community facilities, such as swimming/sports centres, are extremely energy-intensive, making them costly to operate and responsible for high levels of GHG emissions. In other cases, the facilities operate for long hours and comfortable conditions are a high priority; again, this results in significant energy consumption and high costs. The selection of buildings and equipment within facilities, design of facilities, and patterns of operation can all influence energy efficiency. The input of ideas, requirements, and expectations by policymakers, managers and service delivery staff can therefore have long-term implications for energy use. Operational procedures are also important factors. Location can affect the level of emissions associated with client travel, while the officebased activities of community facilities staff also use energy directly.
Page 1 and 2: Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in
Page 3 and 4: Contents About this guidebook MUNIC
Page 5 and 6: About this guidebook The aim of thi
Page 7 and 8: MUNICIPALITIES AND ENERGY SAVING OP
Page 9 and 10: municipality as the responsible ins
Page 11: Municipal activities and energy con
Page 15 and 16: Infrastructure Where infrastructure
Page 17: Special events T3. Lighting, T8. St
Page 20 and 21: Some of the basic suppositions are:
Page 22 and 23: Monitoring The energy manager shoul
Page 25 and 26: Heating and cooling of buildings T1
Page 27 and 28: Optimisation of control systems Tim
Page 29: Possible indicators Total energy u
Page 32 and 33: Ways of cutting energy flows throug
Page 34 and 35: THERMIE maxi brochures Less is more
Page 36 and 37: Class of task Recommended illuminan
Page 38 and 39: of failed iron-core ballasts, and/o
Page 40 and 41: A much better approach is to: use
Page 42 and 43: o more efficient lamps (e.g. metal
Page 44 and 45: Use low greenhouse-impact energy so
Page 46 and 47: Equipment suppliers can provide use
Page 48 and 49: Purchase energy-efficient equipment
Page 51 and 52: Motors, drives, pumps and fans T6 O
Page 53 and 54: Money saved by installing undersize
Page 55 and 56: Refrigeration T7 For municipalities
Page 57: ventilated location); then the wast
Page 60 and 61: updating central computers to more
Page 62 and 63:
Further information Best Practice E
Page 64 and 65:
technologies, there has been and wi
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The transnational power market is d
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Various policy initiatives, such as
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It must be mentioned that, excessiv
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ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES
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4. Get feedback on failures, then r
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organisational change has occurred
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Purchasing policies O3 Buying new e
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When evaluating the potential savin
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eduction in operating cost over the
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Working with contractors O5 When lo
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Building design and specification O
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
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Changing peoples’ roles in the li
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The project life-cycle P2 Every pro
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Financial evaluation of projects P3
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The return on the investment for th
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Developing a program for energy eff
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Description Best points Possible dr
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Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in Municipalities

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