Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in Municipalities

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Activity Input to design of facilities Purchase of equipment and contracting services Facilities management (in conjunction with facilities management group) Relevant information sheets O6. Building design and specification Depending on facilities being designed: T7. Refrigeration O3. Purchasing policies, O4. Leases and contracts O5. Working with contractors T1. Heating and cooling buildings, T3. Lighting Depending on facilities managed: T7. Refrigeration, T4. Hot water production Community services Municipalities provide or contract many services to individuals and groups throughout their community, in some cases from dedicated facilities (libraries, recreation centres, childcare centres, etc.) and in others, such as meals-on-wheels or home help, purely as services. Those involved in developing strategies for the provision of services influence future energy consumption through the procedures and levels of activity planned. Taking environmental and energy issues into account when evaluating options for program delivery could provide useful insights into ways of minimizing energy consumption. In managing activities such as festivals and community events, hiring out municipal facilities, or providing grants to community groups, there is scope to encourage the reduction of energy consumption within the community. For example, targets for recycling and energy performance may be included in arrangements with sporting groups using community facilities, or in contracts with festival organizers. In addition, staff may advise and assist users of these services to save energy, cut costs and reduce GHG emissions. Activity Arrangements with contractors providing municipal services Input to development of new services, and policies and strategies for implementation Catering services such as meals-on-wheels Relevant information sheets O4. Leases and contracts O5. Working with contractors O2. Monitoring and reporting program P3. Financial evaluation of projects T4. Hot water production Environmental services The environmental service activities play a key role in determining the scale of energy consumption associated with municipal activities, as well as the potential for sinks. This group may also influence community and business emissions (apart from their officebased operations, which also use energy directly) through programs and policies such as promotion of recycling and composting, or tree planting. Significant activities may include: input to municipality's environmental policy and environmental management system, including the national and international programs and activities such as in-house energy-saving programs, paper recycling, etc. management of municipal wastes: recycling, minimizing the amount of material land filled, promotion of composting, production of energy from wastes (including landfill gas utilization) can all have significant effects; management of natural environment: activities such as tree-planting or reforestation of cleared areas, may involve significant energy use for vehicles and equipment; air quality programs: strategies for reducing air pollution may impact on local car usage, use of fuel wood, etc, as well as influencing municipal decisions on fuel selection and vehicle types; Activity Policy development Energy from waste Relevant information sheets All organizational measures T10. Renewable energy sources exploitation
Infrastructure Where infrastructure involves ongoing use of energy – e.g. for lighting, pumping or other activities - it can be a major issue from both cost and environmental perspectives. For example, street lighting may comprise more than half the total electricity bill for many municipalities, and moving large volumes of water may require substantial amounts of energy for pumping. Much of the physical infrastructure of a city or prefecture needs modest amounts of energy for its maintenance and upkeep. However, large amounts of energy and resources are incorporated into the infrastructure itself (the roads, drains, sewers, etc). Municipal staff can reduce the energy use embodied in infrastructure by specifying appropriate materials, designing to minimize material requirements, recycling, etc. Providing infrastructure also has significant greenhouse implications for the local community. For example, standards of road surfacing can influence car fuel consumption, as can traffic calming strategies. Activity Infrastructure development Infrastructure management Relevant information sheets All organizational measures, T3. Lighting (Street lighting) O4. Leases and contracts, O5. Working with contractors T3. Lighting (Street lighting) Technical support Technical support units play a critical role in ensuring that equipment and buildings operate correctly. Monitoring and maintenance are major areas for potential energy waste or improvements in energy efficiency. Technical staff may also be called upon to provide expert input to policy issues, including purchasing guidelines and building specifications. Apart from that, technical support groups may operate large workshops and depots, which are significant energy consumers. They also contribute to municipal consumption of energy through their travel and office-based activity. Activity Input to policy issues Energy management Relevant information sheets O3. Purchasing policies, O4. Leases and contracts, O5. Working with contractors, O6. Building design and specification T1. Heating and cooling of buildings, T3. Lighting, T6. Motors, drives, pumps and fans, T4. Hot water production, T8. Standby generation, T10. Renewable energy sources exploitation Vehicle management Although transport energy is beyond the scope of this guide, municipality’s vehicle fleet is a major source of energy consumption and GHG emissions, as well as a major operating expense, so reference is made for the sake of completeness. Vehicle management may influence municipality’s operational energy use in a variety of ways, including: the types and models of vehicles selected; provision or encouragement of other modes of travel (e.g. bicycles, public transport); extent of use of alternative fuels with lower greenhouse impacts monitoring and maintenance programs; energy use in buildings where vehicles are maintained or stored. Activity Vehicle selection Relevant information sheets P3. Financial evaluation of projects O3. Purchasing policies, O4. Leases and contracts Office energy use
Page 1 and 2: Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in
Page 3 and 4: Contents About this guidebook MUNIC
Page 5 and 6: About this guidebook The aim of thi
Page 7 and 8: MUNICIPALITIES AND ENERGY SAVING OP
Page 9 and 10: municipality as the responsible ins
Page 11 and 12: Municipal activities and energy con
Page 13: management of buildings in parks, s
Page 17: Special events T3. Lighting, T8. St
Page 20 and 21: Some of the basic suppositions are:
Page 22 and 23: Monitoring The energy manager shoul
Page 25 and 26: Heating and cooling of buildings T1
Page 27 and 28: Optimisation of control systems Tim
Page 29: Possible indicators Total energy u
Page 32 and 33: Ways of cutting energy flows throug
Page 34 and 35: THERMIE maxi brochures Less is more
Page 36 and 37: Class of task Recommended illuminan
Page 38 and 39: of failed iron-core ballasts, and/o
Page 40 and 41: A much better approach is to: use
Page 42 and 43: o more efficient lamps (e.g. metal
Page 44 and 45: Use low greenhouse-impact energy so
Page 46 and 47: Equipment suppliers can provide use
Page 48 and 49: Purchase energy-efficient equipment
Page 51 and 52: Motors, drives, pumps and fans T6 O
Page 53 and 54: Money saved by installing undersize
Page 55 and 56: Refrigeration T7 For municipalities
Page 57: ventilated location); then the wast
Page 60 and 61: updating central computers to more
Page 62 and 63: Further information Best Practice E
Page 64 and 65:
technologies, there has been and wi
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The transnational power market is d
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Various policy initiatives, such as
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It must be mentioned that, excessiv
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ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES
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4. Get feedback on failures, then r
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organisational change has occurred
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Purchasing policies O3 Buying new e
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When evaluating the potential savin
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eduction in operating cost over the
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Working with contractors O5 When lo
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Building design and specification O
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
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Changing peoples’ roles in the li
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The project life-cycle P2 Every pro
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Financial evaluation of projects P3
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The return on the investment for th
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Developing a program for energy eff
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Description Best points Possible dr
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