Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in Municipalities

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Purchase energy-efficient equipment Request information on energy use When requesting purchasing documentation from suppliers, specifically ask for: power consumption in normal standby mode, in low-energy standby (‘sleep’) mode and while printing/copying etc.; time taken to change from ‘sleep’ and ‘off’ modes to full active mode (as it can be annoying if it takes three minutes for a copier to wake up and make its first copy!); compliance with the Energy Star program, which requires equipment to achieve low energy consumption in ‘sleep’ modes (but aim for much lower consumption than Energy Star requirements); for computers and printers, confirmation that the equipment will interact appropriately with networks (for example, some computers can’t receive e-mail if in ‘sleep’ mode); evidence that controls for power management are user-friendly; information on the range of acceptable operating temperatures and humidity. Assess the real requirements Regarding monitors, take into account: the larger the screen area, the more energy it uses (but there is up to 40% variation in energy consumption for different brands of the same screen size, so the most energyefficient large monitor may use less power than an inefficient smaller unit); liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors use much less energy and desk space than standard units; they are much more costly, but prices are falling rapidly; energy consumption among colour monitors of the same size can vary by almost 40%, so check energy consumption before buying; while monochrome monitors are being used less often, they are still used for lowgrade activities; monochrome units generally use much less power than colour ones of the same size. One networked printer or central copier often uses much less energy than several smaller ones distributed around an office. For small offices, multipurpose printer/fax/scanner products are now available, which use less energy and can be cheaper than separate items of equipment (but adding extra features to the basic configuration can actually increase energy consumption, so beware). Use paper efficiently Make sure equipment can use recycled paper without voiding the warranty. Purchase printers and copiers with duplex (double-sided) and reduction copying capability. Encourage use of paperless options such as e-mail. Mainframe computers Computer room air-conditioning can generate a third or more of the GHG emissions associated with mainframe computers. For this purpose: Check the power consumption of the computing equipment and that of the computer room air-conditioning (including pumps, cooling towers and fans). Often the air-conditioning was designed for energy-wasteful old computers that have been replaced, and it may be inappropriate for today’s demand. Consider air-conditioning redesign. The amount of energy used by the dedicated computer air-conditioning system is often greater than that consumed by the
computers themselves, so there may be a case for this system to be redesigned (for example, a simple domestic split-system air-conditioner may replace a complex system with chillers, cooling towers and pumps). Necessity of a computer room: Contact the computer manufacturer to find out what range of temperatures and humidity the equipment can operate in. Many modern computers can operate in a normal office environment, avoiding the need for separate air-conditioning systems. Minimise unnecessary power use within an air-conditioned computer room to reduce the amount of heat that has to be removed. For example, switch off lighting and monitors when they are not needed, and locate uninterruptible power supplies outside air-conditioned areas. Do not set temperature and humidity band-settings too tightly as this wastes energy. Maintaining precise temperature and humidity conditions often involves high energy use as plant may switch on and off frequently, creating high transient losses. Also, where the range of conditions is small, separate HVAC units may ‘fight’ each other - a heating unit running at the same time as a cooling unit, leading to energy waste - if thermostats and sensors are not constantly monitored and adjusted. Modern computers tolerate a much wider range of conditions, so this problem can be avoided. Insulate the computer room from surrounding office space. If the walls of the computer room are not insulated, running the computer room at, say, 18°C while the surrounding offices are 22°C can increase the cooling load by 1.5kW. Insulating the computer room’s walls, floor and ceiling reduces cooling loads imposed by surrounding areas. Also, consider updating computers to modern ones with much reduced energy requirements. This can save space too, apart from reducing airconditioning and computer maintenance costs. Estimating energy consumption and greenhouse emissions It is unlikely that centrally metered data will provide accurate information on the energy consumption of office equipment. Sometimes it may be possible to collect metered data using a plug-in meter costing about €350. Alternatively, one could seek information from relevant equipment suppliers; remember to ask for information on standby losses as well as on consumption during operation. It should be noted that the information printed on the appliance approval label is unlikely to accurately reflect the actual consumption. This usually indicates the maximum possible consumption. Further information Suppliers of equipment can usually provide information on their own products; it is recommended to ask them to contact head office, or talk to their technical staff. Best Practice Example
Page 1 and 2: Guidebook for Energy Efficiency in
Page 3 and 4: Contents About this guidebook MUNIC
Page 5 and 6: About this guidebook The aim of thi
Page 7 and 8: MUNICIPALITIES AND ENERGY SAVING OP
Page 9 and 10: municipality as the responsible ins
Page 11 and 12: Municipal activities and energy con
Page 13 and 14: management of buildings in parks, s
Page 15 and 16: Infrastructure Where infrastructure
Page 17: Special events T3. Lighting, T8. St
Page 20 and 21: Some of the basic suppositions are:
Page 22 and 23: Monitoring The energy manager shoul
Page 25 and 26: Heating and cooling of buildings T1
Page 27 and 28: Optimisation of control systems Tim
Page 29: Possible indicators Total energy u
Page 32 and 33: Ways of cutting energy flows throug
Page 34 and 35: THERMIE maxi brochures Less is more
Page 36 and 37: Class of task Recommended illuminan
Page 38 and 39: of failed iron-core ballasts, and/o
Page 40 and 41: A much better approach is to: use
Page 42 and 43: o more efficient lamps (e.g. metal
Page 44 and 45: Use low greenhouse-impact energy so
Page 46 and 47: Equipment suppliers can provide use
Page 51 and 52: Motors, drives, pumps and fans T6 O
Page 53 and 54: Money saved by installing undersize
Page 55 and 56: Refrigeration T7 For municipalities
Page 57: ventilated location); then the wast
Page 60 and 61: updating central computers to more
Page 62 and 63: Further information Best Practice E
Page 64 and 65: technologies, there has been and wi
Page 66 and 67: The transnational power market is d
Page 68 and 69: Various policy initiatives, such as
Page 70 and 71: It must be mentioned that, excessiv
Page 73: ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES
Page 76 and 77: 4. Get feedback on failures, then r
Page 78 and 79: organisational change has occurred
Page 81 and 82: Purchasing policies O3 Buying new e
Page 83: When evaluating the potential savin
Page 86 and 87: eduction in operating cost over the
Page 89 and 90: Working with contractors O5 When lo
Page 91 and 92: Building design and specification O
Page 93: PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Page 96 and 97: Changing peoples’ roles in the li
Page 99 and 100:
The project life-cycle P2 Every pro
Page 101 and 102:
Financial evaluation of projects P3
Page 103 and 104:
The return on the investment for th
Page 105 and 106:
Developing a program for energy eff
Page 107:
Description Best points Possible dr
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