A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

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Technical Note 1471 A Review of Building Evacuation Models Erica D. Kuligowski Richard D. Peacock Fire Research Division Building and Fire Research Laboratory July 2005 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Donald L. Evans, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director
Page 1: Technical Note 1471 A Review of Bui
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Introduction............
Page 7: Acknowledgements Dr. James Milke, D
Page 10 and 11: In addition to the previously menti
Page 12 and 13: 2.1 Availability to the Public The
Page 14 and 15: 2.6 Behavior The behavior of the oc
Page 16 and 17: model may have its own simultaneous
Page 18 and 19: Grid/Structure: (C): Coarse network
Page 20 and 21: 3 Summary of Egress Model Features
Page 22 and 23: Table 2. Models Available to the Pu
Page 24 and 25: Table 3. Model Available on a Consu
Page 26 and 27: Table 5. Models No Longer in Use Ch
Page 28 and 29: developer has the appropriate data
Page 30 and 31: 4 Conclusion This report provides m
Page 32 and 33: 15. Hoffman, N. A. & Henson, D. A.
Page 34 and 35: 43. Parke, J., Gwynne, S., Galea, E
Page 36 and 37: 71. Fahy, R. F. (2001). Verifying t
Page 39 and 40: Appendix A. Details of Model Review
Page 41 and 42: since the building is only represen
Page 43 and 44: A.2 EVACNET4 Developers: Kisko, Fra
Page 45 and 46: Validation studies: Johnson, et al
Page 47 and 48: Use of fire data: None. Figure A.4:
Page 49 and 50: number of people in the stream, f i
Page 51 and 52: When occupants are deciding which r
Page 53 and 54:
In both cases, STEPS has given the
Page 55 and 56:
Figure A.8: Example of occupant beh
Page 57 and 58:
Disabled/slow occupants: The user c
Page 59 and 60:
Each group type requires the user t
Page 61 and 62:
A.8 Simulex Developer: P.Thompson,
Page 63 and 64:
occupant type/characteristics then
Page 65 and 66:
• Number of people through each l
Page 67 and 68:
Route choice of the occupants/occup
Page 69 and 70:
density of the space and the capaci
Page 71 and 72:
Defining groups - Yes. Disabilities
Page 73 and 74:
The purpose of this matrix is to mo
Page 75 and 76:
occupants. The data from this evacu
Page 77 and 78:
Route choice of the occupants/occup
Page 79 and 80:
developers of the model. The local
Page 81 and 82:
For validation of the airEXODUS mod
Page 83 and 84:
A.12 EXITT Developer: B.M. Levin, N
Page 85 and 86:
• 50 % of normal speed if the occ
Page 87 and 88:
factors relate to delays, deviation
Page 89 and 90:
A.14 PathFinder Developer: RJA Grou
Page 91 and 92:
A.15 EESCAPE (Emergency Escape) Dev
Page 93 and 94:
A.16 Myriad Developer: G.K. Still,
Page 95 and 96:
Table A.11: Fruin data and correspo
Page 97 and 98:
A.17 ALLSAFE InterConsult Group ASA
Page 99 and 100:
Visualization capabilities: Visuali
Page 101 and 102:
order of the conditions matters). I
Page 103 and 104:
wheelchair user and two assistors,
Page 105 and 106:
emergency personnel worker) on the
Page 107 and 108:
• A series of competitive evacuat
Page 109 and 110:
Models Not Yet Released A.20 Spatia
Page 111 and 112:
where v is the speed of the evacuee
Page 113 and 114:
A.21 Egress Complexity Model Develo
Page 115 and 116:
Import CAD drawings: No. Nodes and
Page 117 and 118:
done so that if a node on the floor
Page 119 and 120:
Lastly, Fahy simulated a fire drill
Page 121 and 122:
A.23 BGRAF Developer: F. Ozel, Univ
Page 123 and 124:
Model People Characteristics Fire E
Page 125 and 126:
A.24 EvacSim Developer: L. Poon, at
Page 127 and 128:
Output: The output includes lines d
Page 129 and 130:
Models No Longer in Use A.25 Takaha
Page 131 and 132:
Special features: Delays/pre-moveme
Page 133 and 134:
Special features: Fire conditions a
Page 135 and 136:
environment at that specific point
Page 137 and 138:
Subroutine HBIAS: This subroutine b
Page 139 and 140:
A.28 VEgAS Developer: G.K. Still, C
Page 141 and 142:
The exact method for applying both
Page 143 and 144:
field of the building, the occupant
Page 145 and 146:
The developers claim that these fac
Page 147 and 148:
Limitations: Still some questions l
Page 149 and 150:
13. Predtechenskii, V. M. & Milinsk
Page 151 and 152:
43. Olsson, P. A. & Regan, M. A. (1
Page 153 and 154:
72. Kendik, E. (1995). Methods of D
Page 155 and 156:
100. Ozel, F. (1991). Simulation of
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