Iraq Country Handbook - Europe Link

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TURKEY Dahuk Mosul Arbil SYRIA Euphrates Karkuk Tigris As Sulaymaniyah Nahr Diyala IRAN Samarra River Ar Ramadi BAGHDAD JORDAN Karbala An Najaf An Hillah Ad Diwaniyah Al Kut Al Amarah IRAQ International Boundary National Capital Major roads Railroads Major airports Major ports SAUDI ARABIA An Nasiriyah Al Basrah Khawr az Zubayr Umm Qasr KUWAIT KUWAIT Arabian Gulf Boundary representations not necessarily authoritative. Transportation Network Railroads The railroads in Iraq are state-owned and run by the State Enterprise for Iraqi Railways. Maintenance and development of the railway system was severely disrupted by the 1980-88 and 1990-91 wars. The rail routes originate in Baghdad and link to most main cities, including Mosul, Al Basrah, Irbil, Husaibah, and Akashat. There are also routes 12
that serve major industrial centers. As of 1988, the network was serviced by 436 diesel-electric locomotives, 654 passenger cars, and 12,836 freight wagons. Air Iraq has only two major international airports; they are at Baghdad and Al Basrah. However, there are more than 100 other airports throughout the country. Of these, nearly 40 are related to the military; 74 are paved; and 61 have runways longer than 8,000 feet. While much of the Iraqi infrastructure was damaged or destroyed during the 1990-91 Gulf War, much of it has been repaired, particularly military facilities. Maritime Iraq lacks adequate port facilities. Hussein may have invaded Kuwait in 1990 in part to increase Iraq’s access to the Arabian Gulf. Al Basrah and Umm Qasr are the most used commercial ports for Iraq, though a port was opened at Khor az-Zubayr in 1979 (and subsequently closed in 1980 due to the Iran-Iraq War). Khor az-Zubayr and Umm Qasr are operational again, though only to vessels of 10 meters draught. Al Basrah can accommodate 12 vessels at the Maqal wharves and 7 vessels at buoys with a usual water depth of up to 10 meters. The port reportedly has a 40-ton gantry crane, 7 front loaders, and some tractors and trailers, all in a 30-acre area. Umm Qasr has space for eight vessels. Container and roll-on vessels can use three general cargo berths for vessels up to 183 meters-long. Umm Qasr now lies partly in Kuwaiti territory after the border demarcation after the Gulf War. The port is now open only for commercial uses; no military craft operate from there. Communication Radio and Television All radio and television broadcasting in Iraq is controlled by the government. According to a 1998 estimate, there are 4.85 million radios in Iraq, with 16 AM, 51 FM, and 4 shortwave radio broadcast stations. 13
Page 1: Iraq Country Handbook 1. This handb
Page 4 and 5: Contents (Continued) CULTURE . . .
Page 6 and 7: Contents (Continued) Unconventional
Page 8 and 9: Contents (Continued) Armor-Heavy Ba
Page 11 and 12: KEY FACTS Official Name. Convention
Page 13 and 14: Passport and Visa Requirements Pass
Page 15 and 16: Sanctions regulations prohibit all
Page 17 and 18: The southwest desert region is an e
Page 19 and 20: BAGHDAD o F TEMPERATURE ELEVATION:
Page 21: tember, the prevailing wind is call
Page 25 and 26: and Printing, licenses newspapers a
Page 27 and 28: Black Sea GEORGIA ARMENIA AZERBAIJA
Page 29 and 30: important for the Western observer
Page 31 and 32: Relationships Family and Social Int
Page 33 and 34: facts or reinterpret them. Westerne
Page 35 and 36: Disease Risks to Deployed Personnel
Page 37 and 38: Saddam Husayn Cardiac Center Commen
Page 39 and 40: The Ba’ath Party came to power in
Page 41 and 42: Iraq-Syria-Lebanon Pipeline (Closed
Page 43 and 44: to Amadiya. This area had been patr
Page 45 and 46: Hussein’s power structure. Hussei
Page 47 and 48: of sanctions. Russia’s diplomatic
Page 49 and 50: material in January 2000. The IAEA
Page 51 and 52: In January 2002, President Bush sta
Page 53 and 54: 27 Aug 92 “No-fly zone” imposed
Page 55 and 56: 12 Nov 97 UNSC voted unanimously to
Page 57 and 58: emains the RCC. A two-thirds majori
Page 59 and 60: have specialized jurisdictions outs
Page 61 and 62: TURKEY Dahuk SYRIA Euphrates Mosul
Page 63 and 64: Ali Hasan al-Majid Mizban Khudr Had
Page 65 and 66: Bordering Countries Jordan. Jordan
Page 67 and 68: Turkey. Iraq and Turkey have had tr
Page 69 and 70: the Saudis remain strongly allied w
Page 71 and 72: TURKEY Mosul Arbil SYRIA Euphrates
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Exports US$21,800,000,000 (2000 est
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spare parts. Morale and discipline,
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Strategy The RGFC heavy divisions,
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20,000 personnel make up the fronti
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TURKEY Mosul Arbil SYRIA Euphrates
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mon, even in Republican Guards unit
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as to actual numbers of units and e
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■ Approximately 2,000-2,500 assor
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econnaissance unit. Other assessed
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operations, and has integrated them
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■ ■ area to establish blocking
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Iraqi doctrine emphasizes that, reg
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First Forward Combat Team Second Fo
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Recon Detachment Advance Force Dire
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Second Platoon First Platoon T-72 T
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Combat Team in Harbor, Box Formatio
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■ ■ ■ Meeting Engagement (Enc
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Infantry and Infantry Assault Point
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Recon Sections Recon Sections Forwa
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■ If a forward combat team is byp
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The missions of close range reconna
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■ ■ Blocking Units. Tank or mec
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■ ■ Reorganization Phase. Comba
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low the retreating enemy on the nor
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position to provide supporting fire
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During the final assault, tanks sho
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The type of defensive operation wil
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A unit in stationary defense attemp
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tle groups. To execute a deliberate
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could be deployed forward if the di
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Company in Defense Company in Lazy
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to one-third of the battle group’
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attle group may deploy in one echel
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50 m 50 m 125 m 200 m 800 m "Cattle
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meter-range) and the Iraqi-modified
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Special forces brigades subordinate
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VHF (Manuever Co.) Forward Observer
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emplacement method by either towed
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mately straight line on a specific
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2,500 meters from defensive positio
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GHQ to brigade level. GHQ controls
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Ensure
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The Iraqi inventory of countermine
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sacks or enhance the effectiveness
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Iraqi Landmine Holdings Conventiona
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cal measures of camouflage include
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point and refuel battalion armored
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Iraqi Special Forces are trained to
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near Abadan. The transfer and relea
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Offensive Chemical Warfare (CW) Cap
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Tanks Tanks can produce smokescreen
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Iraq still has a limited aerial rec
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employment of the early warning rad
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the U.S. to conduct strike operatio
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The primary means of air defense su
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ing down the most sophisticated hel
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ole. In a desert environment this t
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weather interceptors, excessive rel
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Although Iraq resumed operational a
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9-mm Makarov Maximum Effective Rang
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9-mm FN 35 (Browning Hi Power) Maxi
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Field Stripping the SKS/M59 A-6
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Field Stripping the AK-47/AKM/TABUK
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Rifle Grenade Firing Because of the
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7.62-mm RPK/Al-Quds Maximum Effecti
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7.62-mm PK Maximum Effective Range
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GRENADES, MORTARS, AND MINES RPG-7
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Iraqi Hand Grenades RG-42 Fragmenta
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Other Explosive Ordinance Hazards T
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T-62 Crew 4 Armament 1 x 115-mm 2A2
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Chieftain (Khalid) Crew 3 Armament
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Type 59 Crew 4 Armament 1 x 100-mm
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BMP-1 Crew/Passengers 3 + 8 Type tr
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BMD-1 Crew/Passengers 3 + 7 Type tr
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AML-60/7 Crew 3 Armament 60 mm mort
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BRDM-2 Crew/Passengers 4 Type 4 x 4
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M113A1 Crew/Passengers 2 + 11 Type
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Type 531/Type 63 Crew/Passengers 2
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MT-LB Crew/Passengers 2 + 11. Type
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BTR-50PU Command Vehicle Crew/Passe
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BTR-40 Crew/Passengers 2 + 8 Type 4
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BTR-152 Crew/Passengers 2 + 17 Type
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BTR-60 PU Command Vehicle Crew/Pass
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Panhard M3 Crew/Passengers 2 + 10 C
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M1977 100-mm Crew 8. Maximum Range
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AT-3 SAGGER Type Wire-guided MCLOS
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AT-5 SPANDREL Type Wire-guided SACL
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TOW Ground Tripod Launcher Max Rang
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VCR/TH (HOT) Crew 3 Configuration 4
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D-44 85-mm Divisional Gun Crew 8. M
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M-56 105-mm Mountain Gun Crew 7 Max
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D-30 122-mm Howitzer Crew 7 Maximum
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M46 130-mm Field Gun Crew 8 Maximum
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Type 66 152-mm Howitzer Crew 10 Max
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M114 155-mm Howitzer Crew 11 Maximu
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G5 155-mm Gun-Howitzer Crew 5. Cali
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2S3 152-mm SPH Crew 4 (+2 in ammuni
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M109/M109A1 155-mm SPH Crew 6 Armam
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M43 160-mm Mortar Crew 7 Maximum Ra
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Al-Jaleel 82-mm Mortar Maximum Rang
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Sajeel (Astros II) MRL SS-30 SS-40
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Ababeel 100-m MRL Armament 4 x 100-
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SCUD-B (Al-Hussein) ABOVE: An Al-Hu
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ZPU-4 (Quad) 14.5-mm Crew 5 Maximum
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GDF-001 35-mm Crew 5 Maximum Range
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S-60 57-mm Crew 7 Maximum Range 12,
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ZSU-23-4 23-mm SPAAG Crew 4 Armamen
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SA-7 GRAIL Crew 1 Maximum Range 3,2
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SA-2 GUIDELINE Maximum Range Combat
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SA-6 GAINFUL Type Guidance Maximum
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SA-9 GASKIN Type Guidance Maximum R
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DOG EAR Function EW/acquisition. Ra
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FLAT FACE Function Mobile EW radar.
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SPOON REST Function Mobile EW radar
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AIRCRAFT Mi-6HOOK Type Twin-turbine
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Mi-24D HIND Crew 4 Armament 1 x 4-b
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SA 330 Crew 2. Armament Assorted ro
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BK 117 Crew 2. Armament Assorted ro
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MiG-21/F-7 Crew 1 Armament 1 x twin
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MiG-25 Crew 1 Armament Air to Air m
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SU-24 Crew 2 Armament Assorted Air
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Pilatus PC-7 Crew 2. Armament Assor
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SURFACE SHIPS 1850-Ton FFT Characte
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PB 90 PB Characteristics Armament M
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SWARY 1 PB Characteristics Armament
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SWARY 6 PB Characteristics Newer, f
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NESTIN MSBI Characteristics Yugosla
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APPENDIX B: Organizational Charts S
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Division Headquarters Company Armor
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Infantry Brigade Infantry Battalion
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RGFC Division Headquarters Company
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Headquarters and Signal Company Spe
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APPENDIX D: Conversion Charts When
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➞ Temperature To convert Celsius
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Travel Distances A M M A N B A G H
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APPENDIX F Language Arabic Language
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Key Phrases (Capital letters indica
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F-5 English Arabic highway taRIQ ho
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English gun handgrenade headquarter
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APPENDIX G: International Road Sign
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First-aid post Petrol Garage One wa
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Hazardous snakes, plants, spiders,
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Uniforms correctly treated with per
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Cold Weather If cold weather injuri
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Abdominal Wound ■ Treatment: ❏
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■ Victims who must be moved shoul
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Thermal/Third Degree Symptoms: ■
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APPENDIX J: Individual Protective M
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Do not
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Foreign Terrorist Threat Terrorism
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■ ■ ■ conceal these and any o
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APPENDIX K: Dangerous Animals and P
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False-horned Viper Description: Adu
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Spiders Although there are several
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Comments: Originally called Jamesto
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Castor Oil Plant Other Name: Castor
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Strychnine Other names: Nuxvomica t
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APPENDIX L: International Telephone
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Fast, windblown sand can be extreme
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malfunction by one will rapidly pla
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Notes
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Notes
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Notes
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Notes
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