Iraq Country Handbook - Europe Link

the best of his ability. Westerners often feel that Arabs take advantage of
them, and Arabs may feel that no Westerner can be a true friend. To
avoid such misunderstandings, it is advisable to remember that Arabs
and Westerners have different expectations of friendship.
Arabs adhere to strict, formal rules of behavior and politeness. For an
Arab, good manners require that one never flatly refuse a request from a
friend. This does not mean that the favor must actually be done, but
rather that the response must not be stated as a definitive “no.” If an
Arab friend asks for a favor, it should be done if possible. If the favor is
unreasonable, illegal, or too difficult, listening carefully, expressing
doubt about the outcome, and promising to help is appropriate. Later, an
expression of regret and an offer to do another favor is advisable.
Westerners and Arabs define personal behavior and questions differently.
Many Arabs like to discuss money and may ask the cost of items
or about others’ salaries. It is unusual in Arab society for an adult to be
unmarried and for married couples to have no children; many Americans
find questions about such topics too personal to ask, but Arabs
address such issues. Arabs consider questions asked by a man about
women in their families too personal. It is best to ask about the family,
not specifically about an Arab’s wife, sister, or grown daughter.
Professional Relationships
Key to establishing good working relations with an Arab is to establish a
good personal relationship. In professional settings, Arabs operate by personal
relations more than by time constraints, mission requirements, or
professional skills. Initial business meetings are usually social and rarely
include objective analysis, pragmatic application, or frank exchange. Protocol
is emphasized through polite conversation and refreshments. Business
may be addressed at a subsequent meeting or at a dinner.
Criticism, even if offered constructively, can threaten or damage an
Arab’s honor and may be taken as a personal insult. Attempting to protect
himself and his honor from criticism, an Arab may flatly deny
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