A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

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Figure 6-1: Wind/electrolysis system as used in NREL study [31] .................................. 78 Figure 6-2: United States wind resource map ................................................................... 79 Figure 6-3: PureCell system use phase renewable hydrogen SimaPro network, 100 miles scenario.................................................................................................................... 83 Figure 6-4: PureCell system life cycle renewable hydrogen SimaPro network, 100 miles scenario.................................................................................................................... 84 Figure 6-5: -25 Use phase renewable hydrogen SimaPro network, 1000 miles scenario . 86 Figure 6-6: PureCell system life cycle renewable hydrogen SimaPro network, 1000 miles scenario.................................................................................................................... 87 Figure 6-7: PureCell system end-of-life phase including reuse SimaPro network ....... 91 Figure 0-1: NPCC US projected capacity fuel mix – summer 2010 ............................... 124 7
List of Tables Table 4-1: Air blower inventory data ................................................................................ 23 Table 4-2: Air valve subassembly inventory data ............................................................. 24 Table 4-3: Cabinet ventilation fan inventory data ............................................................ 24 Table 4-4: Cell stack shipping bracket inventory data ...................................................... 25 Table 4-5: Condenser inventory data ................................................................................ 25 Table 4-6: Cell Stack Assembly (CSA) inventory data .................................................... 26 Table 4-7: Electrical Control System (ECS) inventory data ............................................. 29 Table 4-8: Enclosure inventory data ................................................................................. 30 Table 4-9: Frame inventory data ....................................................................................... 30 Table 4-10: Fuel compartment ventilation fan inventory data .......................................... 31 Table 4-11: Harnesses and cables inventory data ............................................................. 31 Table 4-12: Integrated Low-temperature Shift converter (ILS) inventory data ............... 32 Table 4-13: Misc. small parts inventory table .................................................................. 33 Table 4-14: Power Conditioning System (PCS) inventory data ....................................... 34 Table 4-15: Piping inventory data ..................................................................................... 34 Table 4-16: Piping insulation inventory data .................................................................... 35 Table 4-17: Reformer inventory list ................................................................................. 35 Table 4-18: Steam ejector inventory data ......................................................................... 36 Table 4-19: Thermal Management System (TMS) inventory data ................................... 36 Table 4-20: Water Treatment System (WTS) inventory data ........................................... 37 Table 4-21: Steel scrap inventory data .............................................................................. 39 Table 4-22: Copper scrap inventory data .......................................................................... 39 Table 4-23: PureCell system installation inventory data .............................................. 40 Table 4-24: 200 kWh electricity generation inventory data ............................................. 41 Table 4-25: 17,000,000 kWh electricity generation inventory data ................................. 42 Table 4-26: PureCell system maintenance inventory data ............................................ 43 Table 4-27: PureCell system end-of-life phase, materials to waste treatment .............. 44 Table 5-1: Contribution analysis per phase for PureCell system life cycle single score result .................................................................................................................................. 65 Table 5-2: Contribution analysis per material process for PureCell system life cycle single score result .............................................................................................................. 65 Table 5-3: Contribution analysis per material process for PureCell system manufacturing phase single score result ........................................................................... 66 Table 5-4: Contribution analysis per material process for PureCell system use phase single score result .............................................................................................................. 66 Table 5-5: Contribution analysis per material process for PureCell system end-of-life phase single score result .................................................................................................... 67 Table 5-6: 1% Perturbation in natural gas usage, PureCell system use phase single score result ........................................................................................................................ 68 Table 5-7: 1% Perturbation in CO 2 emissions, PureCell system use phase single score result .................................................................................................................................. 68 Table 5-8: 1% Perturbation in allocated energy for CSA production, PureCell system manufacturing phase single score result ........................................................................... 68 8
Page 1 and 2: Report No. CSS06-09 June 30, 2006 A
Page 3 and 4: Document Description A Life Cycle A
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This research was
Page 7 and 8: Use Phase .........................
Page 9: List of Figures Figure 3-1: Manufac
Page 13 and 14: Table 0-12: Semiconductor chip Pure
Page 15 and 16: and which elements of the product c
Page 17 and 18: determining the facility area relat
Page 19 and 20: System Boundaries Ideally an LCA in
Page 21 and 22: Most of these data were obtained fr
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 4 - Inventory Analysis This
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4-2: PureCell subsystem and
Page 27 and 28: Air valve subassembly The air valve
Page 29 and 30: water and can be recovered in order
Page 31 and 32: Power data for 2005 value, which wa
Page 33 and 34: Enclosure The enclosure shelters th
Page 35 and 36: • The ‘PET ETH U, adapted to US
Page 37 and 38: Power Conditioning System (PCS) The
Page 39 and 40: Steam ejector The steam ejector is
Page 41 and 42: Steel scrap The scrap rate that was
Page 43 and 44: Use Phase In SimaPro, the use phase
Page 45 and 46: The specific gravity of natural gas
Page 47 and 48: End-of-Life Phase For every PureCel
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Impact Assessment and I
Page 51 and 52: indicator 99 uses European normaliz
Page 53 and 54: In Figures 5-3 and 5-4 a more direc
Page 55 and 56: Due to the extremely high contribut
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5-9: PureCell System manufac
Page 59 and 60: From Figure 5-10 it becomes clear t
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 5-14: PureCell system CSA, w
Page 63 and 64:
esponsible for 72% of the CSA total
Page 65 and 66:
It is obvious that the attention no
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 5-22 shows the impact per ma
Page 69 and 70:
Table 5-3 shows the manufacturing p
Page 71 and 72:
perturbation is also evaluated by l
Page 73 and 74:
are the main opportunities for redu
Page 75 and 76:
A 3% decrease in the platinum recyc
Page 77 and 78:
Material Waste treatment Percentage
Page 79 and 80:
(or at least achieve the assumed 98
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 6-1: Wind/electrolysis syste
Page 83 and 84:
subassemblies that make up the fuel
Page 85 and 86:
For the 100 miles scenario, this th
Page 87 and 88:
Resp. organics 1.41E+03 1.23E+02 8.
Page 89 and 90:
1000 Miles Transport Scenario Figur
Page 91 and 92:
ILS and steam ejector subassemblies
Page 93 and 94:
PCS waste scenario 1 kg Separated w
Page 95 and 96:
The 98% recycling of ILS platinum a
Page 97 and 98:
Table 6-14 shows a comparison of ag
Page 100 and 101:
The goal of this part of the resear
Page 102 and 103:
References 1. Energy Information Ad
Page 104 and 105:
Appendices 101
Page 106 and 107:
Cold transforming steel PureCell sy
Page 108 and 109:
Table 0-4: PureCell system maintena
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NH4+ 0.043917 g NH3 (as N) 0.04 g C
Page 112 and 113:
Stainless Steel 316 2B IISI [8] Pro
Page 114 and 115:
Electric Components PureCell system
Page 116 and 117:
dioxin (TEQ) 9.99E-12 g ethane 0.03
Page 118 and 119:
Mg 10.4668 g Mn 5.42E-05 g Hg 0.001
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adioactive substance to water 1.82E
Page 122 and 123:
Silicon wafer PureCell system [17]
Page 124 and 125:
particulates (unspecified) 17.5 lb
Page 126 and 127:
Appendix E: PureCell System Life Cy
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix G: Calculations for the Pu
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A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

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