A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

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Figure 3-1 indicates the manufacturing phase system boundary. Figure 3-1: Manufacturing phase system boundary Use Phase An inventory table of the PureCell system use phase should include: • The natural gas input for the PureCell system lifetime • The emissions from the steam reforming process • The installation materials and processes for installing the PureCell system at the client’s site • Components and parts that need to be replaced during the PureCell system lifetime • Waste generated by maintenance activities • Transport-related: of PureCell system from UTC Power to client, of installation materials to PureCell system site, of maintenance components to PureCell system site, and of replaced components and maintenance waste to waste treatment 17
Most of these data were obtained from UTC Power reports, manuals and personal interviews. However, obtaining the transport-related data was problematic. The PureCell system sites differ significantly per client. Due to the both regional and globalized market of the PureCell system (site locations include Hartford, CT, but also cities in Germany and Japan), making an assumption about the transport distance to the site location does not correctly reflect a realistic situation. Therefore the use phase transport data listed below are not included in the base case LCA. However, in order to get an idea of the possible significance of PureCell system transport from UTC Power to clients, a scenario where the PureCell system is transported to Koln, Germany, is included as an option in the LCA model. Koln is chosen because this is one of the actual site locations of the PureCell system. The results obtained by including this scenario are shown in the ‘Sensitivity Analysis for Assumptions’ section of Chapter 5. Figure 3-2 indicates the use phase system boundary and activities. Figure 3-2: Use phase system boundary 18
Page 1 and 2: Report No. CSS06-09 June 30, 2006 A
Page 3 and 4: Document Description A Life Cycle A
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This research was
Page 7 and 8: Use Phase .........................
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 3-1: Manufac
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 4-1: Air blowe
Page 13 and 14: Table 0-12: Semiconductor chip Pure
Page 15 and 16: and which elements of the product c
Page 17 and 18: determining the facility area relat
Page 19: System Boundaries Ideally an LCA in
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 4 - Inventory Analysis This
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4-2: PureCell subsystem and
Page 27 and 28: Air valve subassembly The air valve
Page 29 and 30: water and can be recovered in order
Page 31 and 32: Power data for 2005 value, which wa
Page 33 and 34: Enclosure The enclosure shelters th
Page 35 and 36: • The ‘PET ETH U, adapted to US
Page 37 and 38: Power Conditioning System (PCS) The
Page 39 and 40: Steam ejector The steam ejector is
Page 41 and 42: Steel scrap The scrap rate that was
Page 43 and 44: Use Phase In SimaPro, the use phase
Page 45 and 46: The specific gravity of natural gas
Page 47 and 48: End-of-Life Phase For every PureCel
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Impact Assessment and I
Page 51 and 52: indicator 99 uses European normaliz
Page 53 and 54: In Figures 5-3 and 5-4 a more direc
Page 55 and 56: Due to the extremely high contribut
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5-9: PureCell System manufac
Page 59 and 60: From Figure 5-10 it becomes clear t
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5-14: PureCell system CSA, w
Page 63 and 64: esponsible for 72% of the CSA total
Page 65 and 66: It is obvious that the attention no
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5-22 shows the impact per ma
Page 69 and 70: Table 5-3 shows the manufacturing p
Page 71 and 72:
perturbation is also evaluated by l
Page 73 and 74:
are the main opportunities for redu
Page 75 and 76:
A 3% decrease in the platinum recyc
Page 77 and 78:
Material Waste treatment Percentage
Page 79 and 80:
(or at least achieve the assumed 98
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 6-1: Wind/electrolysis syste
Page 83 and 84:
subassemblies that make up the fuel
Page 85 and 86:
For the 100 miles scenario, this th
Page 87 and 88:
Resp. organics 1.41E+03 1.23E+02 8.
Page 89 and 90:
1000 Miles Transport Scenario Figur
Page 91 and 92:
ILS and steam ejector subassemblies
Page 93 and 94:
PCS waste scenario 1 kg Separated w
Page 95 and 96:
The 98% recycling of ILS platinum a
Page 97 and 98:
Table 6-14 shows a comparison of ag
Page 100 and 101:
The goal of this part of the resear
Page 102 and 103:
References 1. Energy Information Ad
Page 104 and 105:
Appendices 101
Page 106 and 107:
Cold transforming steel PureCell sy
Page 108 and 109:
Table 0-4: PureCell system maintena
Page 110 and 111:
NH4+ 0.043917 g NH3 (as N) 0.04 g C
Page 112 and 113:
Stainless Steel 316 2B IISI [8] Pro
Page 114 and 115:
Electric Components PureCell system
Page 116 and 117:
dioxin (TEQ) 9.99E-12 g ethane 0.03
Page 118 and 119:
Mg 10.4668 g Mn 5.42E-05 g Hg 0.001
Page 120 and 121:
adioactive substance to water 1.82E
Page 122 and 123:
Silicon wafer PureCell system [17]
Page 124 and 125:
particulates (unspecified) 17.5 lb
Page 126 and 127:
Appendix E: PureCell System Life Cy
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix G: Calculations for the Pu
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