A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

End-of-Life Phase An inventory table of the PureCell system end-of-life phase should include: • The materials that are recycled • The materials that are going to landfill • The materials that are going to another waste treatment • Transport of materials (some still as components) to waste treatment facility For the end-of-life (EoL) phase the waste treatment processes in SimaPro databases are used. Energy use and emissions are already taken into account in these waste treatment processes, so they do not have to be included in the inventory table. Since the end-of-life phase is not yet defined, assumptions are made about which percentage of each material goes to which waste treatment process. Regarding transport, the same problem as in the use phase arises. Due to the variety of site locations, it is not realistic to make any assumptions here. Therefore the following data for the end-of-life phase are not included in the LCA: • Transport of materials/components to their particular waste treatment facility. Figure 3-3 indicates the end-of-life phase system boundary. Figure 3-3: End-of-Life phase system boundary SimaPro System Boundaries In this LCA extensive use was made of the SimaPro databases. Boundaries for elemental flows to and from nature as well as other geographical boundaries representing the product system, are defined by these databases. As much as possible databases that were representative to the geographical location of UTC Power were used. 19
Chapter 4 - Inventory Analysis This chapter shows how the LCA is modeled in SimaPro, which data are used, and which calculations and assumptions were necessary for the inventory modeling. A description of the inventory analysis is provided for each life cycle phase (manufacturing, use and end-of-life phase). First, the flow diagram of the modeled process is given, and then each distinct process is described in terms of data, calculations and assumptions. Flow Diagram Figure 4-1 represents processes by boxes and economic flows by arrows. Emissions are not included. Dashed lines indicate that reuse is optional in the end-of-life stage. Figure 4-1: Flow diagram PureCell system LCA model 20
Page 1 and 2: Report No. CSS06-09 June 30, 2006 A
Page 3 and 4: Document Description A Life Cycle A
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This research was
Page 7 and 8: Use Phase .........................
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 3-1: Manufac
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 4-1: Air blowe
Page 13 and 14: Table 0-12: Semiconductor chip Pure
Page 15 and 16: and which elements of the product c
Page 17 and 18: determining the facility area relat
Page 19 and 20: System Boundaries Ideally an LCA in
Page 21: Most of these data were obtained fr
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4-2: PureCell subsystem and
Page 27 and 28: Air valve subassembly The air valve
Page 29 and 30: water and can be recovered in order
Page 31 and 32: Power data for 2005 value, which wa
Page 33 and 34: Enclosure The enclosure shelters th
Page 35 and 36: • The ‘PET ETH U, adapted to US
Page 37 and 38: Power Conditioning System (PCS) The
Page 39 and 40: Steam ejector The steam ejector is
Page 41 and 42: Steel scrap The scrap rate that was
Page 43 and 44: Use Phase In SimaPro, the use phase
Page 45 and 46: The specific gravity of natural gas
Page 47 and 48: End-of-Life Phase For every PureCel
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Impact Assessment and I
Page 51 and 52: indicator 99 uses European normaliz
Page 53 and 54: In Figures 5-3 and 5-4 a more direc
Page 55 and 56: Due to the extremely high contribut
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5-9: PureCell System manufac
Page 59 and 60: From Figure 5-10 it becomes clear t
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5-14: PureCell system CSA, w
Page 63 and 64: esponsible for 72% of the CSA total
Page 65 and 66: It is obvious that the attention no
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5-22 shows the impact per ma
Page 69 and 70: Table 5-3 shows the manufacturing p
Page 71 and 72: perturbation is also evaluated by l
Page 73 and 74:
are the main opportunities for redu
Page 75 and 76:
A 3% decrease in the platinum recyc
Page 77 and 78:
Material Waste treatment Percentage
Page 79 and 80:
(or at least achieve the assumed 98
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 6-1: Wind/electrolysis syste
Page 83 and 84:
subassemblies that make up the fuel
Page 85 and 86:
For the 100 miles scenario, this th
Page 87 and 88:
Resp. organics 1.41E+03 1.23E+02 8.
Page 89 and 90:
1000 Miles Transport Scenario Figur
Page 91 and 92:
ILS and steam ejector subassemblies
Page 93 and 94:
PCS waste scenario 1 kg Separated w
Page 95 and 96:
The 98% recycling of ILS platinum a
Page 97 and 98:
Table 6-14 shows a comparison of ag
Page 100 and 101:
The goal of this part of the resear
Page 102 and 103:
References 1. Energy Information Ad
Page 104 and 105:
Appendices 101
Page 106 and 107:
Cold transforming steel PureCell sy
Page 108 and 109:
Table 0-4: PureCell system maintena
Page 110 and 111:
NH4+ 0.043917 g NH3 (as N) 0.04 g C
Page 112 and 113:
Stainless Steel 316 2B IISI [8] Pro
Page 114 and 115:
Electric Components PureCell system
Page 116 and 117:
dioxin (TEQ) 9.99E-12 g ethane 0.03
Page 118 and 119:
Mg 10.4668 g Mn 5.42E-05 g Hg 0.001
Page 120 and 121:
adioactive substance to water 1.82E
Page 122 and 123:
Silicon wafer PureCell system [17]
Page 124 and 125:
particulates (unspecified) 17.5 lb
Page 126 and 127:
Appendix E: PureCell System Life Cy
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix G: Calculations for the Pu
show all

A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?