A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

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Materials Amount Unit Steel cold rolled coil IISI 11385 lb Stainless Steel 304 2B IISI 3845 lb Stainless Steel 316 2B IISI 275 lb Total 15505 lb Processes Cold transforming steel PureCell system 15430 lb Rolling steel I PureCell system 7290 lb Waste to treatment Steel scrap to Recycling Ferro metals 15505 lb Table 4-21: Steel scrap inventory data Copper scrap For the copper scrap production only the copper processing for the PCS (1800 lb), ECS (300 lb) and Harnesses and Cables (100 lb) are taken into account. Together this is 2200 lb of copper. The copper scrap rate for the manufacturing of the electric components is already included in the ‘Electric Components PureCell system’ process. The other processes are unknown. A copper scrap rate of 0.1 for the copper wiring process is assumed. The total amount of copper used in the copper wiring process then becomes: 2200lb 0.9 = 2444lb , from which 0 .1* 2444lb = 244lb is produced into copper scrap. This 244 lb of copper scrap also underwent the copper wiring process, which is therefore also included in the copper scrap process. Like the steel scrap, the copper scrap is also assumed to be recycled. These numbers result in the inventory table below. Materials Amount Unit Copper ETH U PureCell system 244 lb Total 244 lb Processes Copper wire, adapted to USA 244 lb Waste to treatment Copper scrap to Recycling Non-ferro metals 244 lb Table 4-22: Copper scrap inventory data 39
Use Phase In SimaPro, the use phase is divided into PureCell system installation, electricity generation and PureCell system maintenance processes. For each of these three processes the LCI data are described. PureCell System Installation To install the PureCell system at its site location several preparations are needed. The installation materials below are included in the PureCell system inventory. Materials Amount Unit Steel cold rolled coil IISI 132 lb Stainless Steel 304 2B IISI 114 lb Propylene glycol ETH U PureCell system 476 lb Activated carbon PureCell system 60 lb Concrete PureCell system 7940 lb Water decarbonized ETH U 992 lb Nitrogen 185 lb Total 9899 lb Processes Cold transforming steel PureCell system 132 lb Cold transforming steel PureCell system 114 lb Table 4-23: PureCell system installation inventory data The steel (132 lb) is used for 12 nitrogen bottles, containing 200 cubic feet of standard industrial grade nitrogen each. In total this is 2400 cubic feet of nitrogen, which is equal to 185 lb. The nitrogen is used to purge the fuel processing system and the anode and cathode spaces during power plant startup and shutdown. The stainless steel 304 (114 lb) is used for two 55-gallon drums that are used for storing waste liquid. Propylene glycol, which is used in the thermal management system, is typically stored in plastic or painted CSTL drums. The density of propylene glycol is 1.04 times the density of water, leading to a weight of 476 lb. The activated carbon (60 lb) is used for water treatment. Data for modeling the activated carbon production in SimaPro come from an internet source [20]. The concrete is used for the foundation. The ground area of the PureCell system is 15.6 m 2 ; assuming the thickness of the concrete layer to be 0.1 m, then roughly 1.5 m 3 concrete (equal to 7940 lb) is needed. 75 Gallons of decarbonized water are needed to fill up the thermal management system, and another 45 gallons to fill up the water storage, which equals 992 lb of decarbonized water in total. Also a minimum of 11 ft 3 of nuclear mixed resin (Rohm and Haas IRN-150) is needed to fill the water treatment system bottles. However, data on this type or an equal type of resin could not be found; this 11 ft 3 of nuclear mixed resin is therefore not included in the LCA. 40
Page 1 and 2: Report No. CSS06-09 June 30, 2006 A
Page 3 and 4: Document Description A Life Cycle A
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This research was
Page 7 and 8: Use Phase .........................
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 3-1: Manufac
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 4-1: Air blowe
Page 13 and 14: Table 0-12: Semiconductor chip Pure
Page 15 and 16: and which elements of the product c
Page 17 and 18: determining the facility area relat
Page 19 and 20: System Boundaries Ideally an LCA in
Page 21 and 22: Most of these data were obtained fr
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 4 - Inventory Analysis This
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4-2: PureCell subsystem and
Page 27 and 28: Air valve subassembly The air valve
Page 29 and 30: water and can be recovered in order
Page 31 and 32: Power data for 2005 value, which wa
Page 33 and 34: Enclosure The enclosure shelters th
Page 35 and 36: • The ‘PET ETH U, adapted to US
Page 37 and 38: Power Conditioning System (PCS) The
Page 39 and 40: Steam ejector The steam ejector is
Page 41: Steel scrap The scrap rate that was
Page 45 and 46: The specific gravity of natural gas
Page 47 and 48: End-of-Life Phase For every PureCel
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Impact Assessment and I
Page 51 and 52: indicator 99 uses European normaliz
Page 53 and 54: In Figures 5-3 and 5-4 a more direc
Page 55 and 56: Due to the extremely high contribut
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5-9: PureCell System manufac
Page 59 and 60: From Figure 5-10 it becomes clear t
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5-14: PureCell system CSA, w
Page 63 and 64: esponsible for 72% of the CSA total
Page 65 and 66: It is obvious that the attention no
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5-22 shows the impact per ma
Page 69 and 70: Table 5-3 shows the manufacturing p
Page 71 and 72: perturbation is also evaluated by l
Page 73 and 74: are the main opportunities for redu
Page 75 and 76: A 3% decrease in the platinum recyc
Page 77 and 78: Material Waste treatment Percentage
Page 79 and 80: (or at least achieve the assumed 98
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6-1: Wind/electrolysis syste
Page 83 and 84: subassemblies that make up the fuel
Page 85 and 86: For the 100 miles scenario, this th
Page 87 and 88: Resp. organics 1.41E+03 1.23E+02 8.
Page 89 and 90: 1000 Miles Transport Scenario Figur
Page 91 and 92: ILS and steam ejector subassemblies
Page 93 and 94:
PCS waste scenario 1 kg Separated w
Page 95 and 96:
The 98% recycling of ILS platinum a
Page 97 and 98:
Table 6-14 shows a comparison of ag
Page 100 and 101:
The goal of this part of the resear
Page 102 and 103:
References 1. Energy Information Ad
Page 104 and 105:
Appendices 101
Page 106 and 107:
Cold transforming steel PureCell sy
Page 108 and 109:
Table 0-4: PureCell system maintena
Page 110 and 111:
NH4+ 0.043917 g NH3 (as N) 0.04 g C
Page 112 and 113:
Stainless Steel 316 2B IISI [8] Pro
Page 114 and 115:
Electric Components PureCell system
Page 116 and 117:
dioxin (TEQ) 9.99E-12 g ethane 0.03
Page 118 and 119:
Mg 10.4668 g Mn 5.42E-05 g Hg 0.001
Page 120 and 121:
adioactive substance to water 1.82E
Page 122 and 123:
Silicon wafer PureCell system [17]
Page 124 and 125:
particulates (unspecified) 17.5 lb
Page 126 and 127:
Appendix E: PureCell System Life Cy
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix G: Calculations for the Pu
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A Life Cycle Assessment of the PureCell Stationary Fuel Cell System ...

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