Environmental Aspects of Phosphate and Potash Mining United ...

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Overview of Phosphate Rock and Potash Mining and Beneficiation Following beneficiation, the concentrated phosphate rock is stockpiled prior to transport to downstream processing plants for the manufacture of phosphate mineral fertilizers. In some instances, phosphate rock with suitable properties may be directly applied to crops as a soil amendment by farmers. Wet screening - IMC Phosphate, Florida, USA Phosphate fertilizer plant, Conda, USA - Agrium Inc., Canada 8 Grinding mills - Fosfertil, Brazil Generally, the major waste streams produced during phosphate rock beneficiation are clay fines, sand tailings and significant quantities of process water. Magnetite tailings may also be associated with igneous orebodies. These are disposed of by a number of means including discharge to rivers or other water bodies, and disposal to engineered storage dams, or mined-out areas. The process water may be recovered and reused. Flotation tanks - IMC Phosphate, Florida The presence of carbonates in the form of dolomite and calcite may cause downstream processing problems and may reduce the quality of the end product. They are primarily removed through the use of calcination followed by slaking with water to remove the CaO and MgO produced. Iron minerals may be present in the form of magnetite, hematite and goethite. These are typically removed through scrubbing and size classification, or magnetic separation. Decantation of clarified water - Cargill Fertilizers Inc., USA
Environmental Aspects of Phosphate and Potash Mining Clay settling pond - Cargill Fertilizers Inc., USA Drying plant - Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), Khouribga, Morocco Surface Mining and Beneficiation Operations in Morocco Phosphate rock mining and beneficiation are illustrated by the operations of Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP) in Morocco. At the Khouribga and Benguerir opencast dragline mining operations in Morocco, the overburden is initially drilled and blasted. Bulldozers prepare the surface for draglines to remove the broken overburden and expose the ore. The ore is excavated without blasting into trucks using smaller draglines, shovels or front-end loaders. The trucks transport the ore to a screening plant for the separation and disposal of the oversize low-grade material followed by stockpiling. The screened ore is reclaimed from the stockpile and transferred by conveyor to the beneficiation plant.The ore is washed and dried to remove clay fines and in some instances is subjected to calcination, to produce a concentrated phosphate rock. The concentrated phosphate rock is transported by rail either to the industrial complexes located at Jorf Lasfar and Safi for further processing, or directly to port for export. Sizing and stockpile plant - Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), Khouribga, Morocco Conveyor and stacker - Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), Khouribga, Morocco Loading phosphate rock - Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), Khouribga, Morocco
Page 1: Environmental Aspects of Phosphate
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgements A number of people
Page 6 and 7: Preface This report on the environm
Page 8 and 9: Introduction 2 During recent decade
Page 10 and 11: Introduction 4 Figure1.2 The minera
Page 12 and 13: Overview of Phosphate Rock and Pota
Page 20 and 21: Beneficiation Handling Extraction d
Page 22 and 23: The Environmental Approach of the P
Page 28 and 29: Handling The Environmental Approach
Page 30 and 31: Beneficiation The Environmental App
Page 42 and 43: Closure The Environmental Approach
Page 44 and 45: Rehabilitation The Environmental Ap
Page 56 and 57: Emerging Environmental Issues and T
Page 58 and 59: Appendices Appendix B. Illustrated
Page 60 and 61: Appendices Appendix C. Australian M
Page 62 and 63: Appendices Appendix D. Glossary of
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Appendices Appendix E. Acronyms Acr
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Appendices 60 14000 Environmental M
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www.unep.org United Nations Environ
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