and the Efficacy of Pit Latrine Additives - Water Research Commission

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Finally, it may also be concluded that <strong>the</strong>re is no significant benefit to adding water or alkalinity to pits wherein <strong>the</strong> material is already well-stabilised. 89
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Scientific Support for the Design a
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Obtainable from Water Research Comm
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Introduction Ve
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A number of studies in which pit la
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in this study were undertaken on pi
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from samples were considerable lowe
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was com
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3.5 Effect of additional moisture a
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Photogr
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1 INTRODUCTION Ventilated improved
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pipe and also prevent the exposure
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2 REVIEW OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ON T
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2.1.2 Overview of aerobic degradati
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faeces entering in the prescribed f
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occur in the absence of oxygen, tak
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(a) (b) Figure 3.2: (a) photograph
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Aerobic degradation: In the presenc
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This section presents data from stu
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A practical definition was used to
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excess water ingress (e.g. due to h
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3.4.4.1 Summary of results obtained
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A homogenous sample was collected f
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of this work is that a pit emptier
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esults from Study B indicate that b
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300 T3 - faeces + inoculum + Gas pr
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the variation observed in the data
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conditions. The gas production rate
Page 59 and 60: conditions. Some additives in this
Page 61 and 62: their ability to metabolise mixed o
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.3: Results of field pit add
Page 65 and 66: change in actual volume of pit cont
Page 67 and 68: inwards leaving the pits and their
Page 69 and 70: 4.4 Laboratory-scale testing of pit
Page 71 and 72: Anaerobic units were closed, limiti
Page 73 and 74: The average rate of mass loss in ae
Page 75 and 76: Further, the moisture loss may in f
Page 77 and 78: These results confirm the findings
Page 79 and 80: In a programme of pit latrine empty
Page 81 and 82: The new understanding of processes
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.1.1 Performance of standard VIP
Page 85 and 86: A further observation was that pede
Page 87 and 88: 5.5.4 Maintenance It was observed t
Page 89 and 90: This study has not elucidated the m
Page 92 and 93: REFERENCES APHA, ed. (1998). Standa
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX A: PHOTOGRAPHIC DIARY This
Page 96 and 97: Walls of pit during emptying. This
Page 98 and 99: Workers engaged in spraying solids
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX B: STUDY INTO EFFECT OF MO
Page 102 and 103: 2.2 Gas production from each experi
Page 104 and 105: NaHCO 3 improved the rate of gas pr
Page 106 and 107: moisture have a beneficial effect o
Page 108 and 109: Complete chemical characterisation
Page 112: APPENDIX C: LIST OF COMMERCIAL PIT
Page 115 and 116: calculated on a per g inorganic sol
Page 118: APPENDIX E: CAPACITY BUILDING In to
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