and the Efficacy of Pit Latrine Additives - Water Research Commission

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Walls of pit during emptying. This pit contained a very high load of maggots due to the fact that the ventpipe was missing. Cockroaches and spiders are regular inhabitants of latrines where the back plate does not fit properly. 2 eThekwini Pit latrine emptying programme The pictures in this section show steps in the pit emptying project in eThekwini Municipality executed by Fukamela Contractors under the project management of UWP consulting. Pit opened for emptying Worker inside pit latrine with minimal protection Passing out a bucket of pit contents Pit contents are transported to 200 l wheel bins 75
Project team standing by to take samples from different depths within the pit Emptied wheel bins waiting to be filled Offloading wheel bins at wastewater treatment plant for solid waste separation Converted skip with grids for separating solid waste from faecal sludge. Separation is achieved with the assistance of high pressure water spraying Solid waste remaining on the grids after spraying faecal sludge through the grids Solid waste transferred to rubbish bags 76
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Scientific Support for the Design a
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Obtainable from Water Research Comm
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Introduction Ve
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A number of studies in which pit la
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in this study were undertaken on pi
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from samples were considerable lowe
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was com
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3.5 Effect of additional moisture a
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Photogr
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1 INTRODUCTION Ventilated improved
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pipe and also prevent the exposure
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2 REVIEW OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ON T
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2.1.2 Overview of aerobic degradati
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faeces entering in the prescribed f
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occur in the absence of oxygen, tak
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(a) (b) Figure 3.2: (a) photograph
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Aerobic degradation: In the presenc
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This section presents data from stu
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A practical definition was used to
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excess water ingress (e.g. due to h
Page 45 and 46: 3.4.4.1 Summary of results obtained
Page 47 and 48: A homogenous sample was collected f
Page 49 and 50: of this work is that a pit emptier
Page 51 and 52: esults from Study B indicate that b
Page 53 and 54: 300 T3 - faeces + inoculum + Gas pr
Page 55 and 56: the variation observed in the data
Page 57 and 58: conditions. The gas production rate
Page 59 and 60: conditions. Some additives in this
Page 61 and 62: their ability to metabolise mixed o
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.3: Results of field pit add
Page 65 and 66: change in actual volume of pit cont
Page 67 and 68: inwards leaving the pits and their
Page 69 and 70: 4.4 Laboratory-scale testing of pit
Page 71 and 72: Anaerobic units were closed, limiti
Page 73 and 74: The average rate of mass loss in ae
Page 75 and 76: Further, the moisture loss may in f
Page 77 and 78: These results confirm the findings
Page 79 and 80: In a programme of pit latrine empty
Page 81 and 82: The new understanding of processes
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.1.1 Performance of standard VIP
Page 85 and 86: A further observation was that pede
Page 87 and 88: 5.5.4 Maintenance It was observed t
Page 89 and 90: This study has not elucidated the m
Page 92 and 93: REFERENCES APHA, ed. (1998). Standa
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX A: PHOTOGRAPHIC DIARY This
Page 98 and 99: Workers engaged in spraying solids
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX B: STUDY INTO EFFECT OF MO
Page 102 and 103: 2.2 Gas production from each experi
Page 104 and 105: NaHCO 3 improved the rate of gas pr
Page 106 and 107: moisture have a beneficial effect o
Page 108 and 109: Complete chemical characterisation
Page 110: Finally, it may also be concluded t
Page 114 and 115: APPENDIX D: PROTOCOL FOR TESTING PI
Page 116: 4.2 Chemical analyses In addition t
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