Pediatric Clinics of North America - CIPERJ

458 CUNNINGHAM
[7] Calleja EM, Shen JY, Lesser M, et al. Survival and morbidity in transfusion-dependent thalassemic
patients on subcutaneous desferrioxamine chelation. Nearly two decades of experience.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998;850:469–70.
[8] Mohammadian S, Bazrafshan HR, Sadeghi-Nejad A. Endocrine gland abnormalities in thalassemia
major: a brief review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003;16(7):957–64.
[9] Borgna-Pignatti C, Cappellini MD, De SP, et al. Survival and complications in thalassemia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1054:40–7.
[10] Olivieri NF, Nathan DG, MacMillan JH, et al. Survival in medically treated patients with
homozygous beta-thalassemia. N Engl J Med 1994;331(9):574–8.
[11] Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ. Thalassemia and malaria: new insights into an old problem. Proc
Assoc Am Physicians 1999;111(4):278–82.
[12] Weatherall DJ. Thalassaemia and malaria, revisited. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1997;91(7):
885–90.
[13] Flint J, Hill AV, Bowden DK, et al. High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of
natural selection by malaria. Nature 1986;321(6072):744–50.
[14] Kanavakis E, Tzotzos S, Liapaki K, et al. Molecular basis and prevalence of alpha-thalassemia
in Greece. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1988;23(5B):377–80.
[15] Falusi AG, Esan GJ, Ayyub H, et al. Alpha-thalassaemia in Nigeria: its interaction with
sickle-cell disease. Eur J Haematol 1987;38(4):370–5.
[16] Vichinsky EP. Changing patterns of thalassemia worldwide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1054:
18–24.
[17] Vichinsky EP, Macklin EA, Waye JS, et al. Changes in the epidemiology of thalassemia in
North America: a new minority disease. Pediatrics 2005;116(6):e818–25.
[18] Lorey F, Cunningham G, Vichinsky EP, et al. Universal newborn screening for Hb H disease
in California. Genet Test 2001;5(2):93–100.
[19] Logothetis J, Economidou J, Constantoulakis M, et al. Cephalofacial deformities in thalassemia
major (Cooley’s anemia). A correlative study among 138 cases. Am J Dis Child 1971;
121(4):300–6.
[20] Kearney SL, Nemeth E, Neufeld EJ, et al. Urinary hepcidin in congenital chronic anemias.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48(1):57–63.
[21] Detivaud L, Nemeth E, Boudjema K, et al. Hepcidin levels in humans are correlated with
hepatic iron stores, hemoglobin levels, and hepatic function. Blood 2005;106(2):746–8.
[22] Gardenghi S, Marongiu MF, Ramos P, et al. Ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia is
characterized by increased iron absorption mediated by down-regulation of hepcidin and upregulation
of ferroportin. Blood 2007;109(11):5027–35.
[23] Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation.
Blood 2003;102(3):783–8.
[24] Weinstein DA, Roy CN, Fleming MD, et al. Inappropriate expression of hepcidin is associated
with iron refractory anemia: implications for the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 2002;
100(10):3776–81.
[25] Breda L, Gardenghi S, Guy E, et al. Exploring the role of hepcidin, an antimicrobial and iron
regulatory peptide, in increased iron absorption in beta-thalassemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci
2005;1054:417–22.
[26] De FL, Daraio F, Filippini A, et al. Liver expression of hepcidin and other iron genes in two
mouse models of beta-thalassemia. Haematologica 2006;91(10):1336–42.
[27] Porter JB, Abeysinghe RD, Marshall L, et al. Kinetics of removal and reappearance of nontransferrin-bound
plasma iron with deferoxamine therapy. Blood 1996;88(2):705–13.
[28] Borgna-Pignatti C, Rugolotto S, De SP, et al. Survival and complications in patients with
thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine. Haematologica 2004;
89(10):1187–93.
[29] Aghai E, Shabbad E, Quitt M, et al. Discrimination between iron deficiency and heterozygous
beta-thalassemia in children. Am J Clin Pathol 1986;85(6):710–2.
[30] Lie-Injo LE, Jo BH. A fast-moving haemoglobin in hydrops foetalis. Nature 1960;185:698.