Rocznik_2014-215

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42 Abit Hoxha, Donika Emini Despite the contract signed and the decision to become part of CEFTA and the agreement for a free trade economy within Balkan states, the trade reciprocity between Kosovo and BiH breached the main points of the CEFTA treaty. As seen in the figure above, precisely after signing the CFETA agreement, BiH introduced the economic embargo thus by decreasing the percentage of imports from Kosovo from 3.0% in 2008 to 0.7% in 2009. This trend continues to decrease, while the products of BiH, still remain in Kosovo market by roughly 3.0%. Economic sanctions as a practice are quite well-known in international relations, a practice than in the 20 th century has been used widely 15 . Despite the fact that the economic sanctions are widely used, the traditional scholars believe that this tool is unsuccessful in achieving the policy objectives 16 . Although, Robert Pope argues that economic sanctions are rather human and definitely have smaller impact than the use of military force 17 . Yet, in the case of Kosovo and BiH, the economic reciprocity has a great impact, and by default illegal, since it does breach the CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement). One of the most debatable issues is that the CEFTA treaty does not possess any provision on how to act in cases when one member state or groups of states applies economic embargo towards another CEFTA member. However, Article 43 of the CEFTA treaty on Arbitration, clearly states that: Disputes between the Parties, arising after this Agreement enters into force between the Parties concerned and relating to the interpretation or application of rights and obligations under it, which have not been settled through direct consultations in the Joint Committee within 90 calendar days from the date of the receipt of the request for consultations, may be referred to arbitration by any Party to the dispute by means of a written notification addressed to the other Party to the dispute 18 . 15 Tsugui, E. (2011). Regionalization and European Integration in the Framework of Central European Free Trade Agreement. Institute for Development and Social Initiatives (IDIS), 2, 1-8. 16 Delevis, M. (1998). The International Journal of Peace Studies. Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool: The Case of Yugoslavia. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from http://www.gmu.edu/ programs/icar/ijps/vol3_1/Delvic.htm 17 Pape, R. A. (1997). Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work. International Security, 22(2), 90. 18 Central European Free Trade Agreement (2006) Consolidated Version of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006). Retrieved August 8, 2014, fromhttp://www.stabilitypact. org/trade/ANN1CEFTA%202006%20Final%20Text.pdf Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej • Rok 12 (2014) • Zeszyt 3
Bosnia and Herzegovina in Kosovar Perspective: An Agenda for International Cooperation 43 Nevertheless, in the case of Kosovo and BiH, the dispute is still ongoing, after almost four years by seriously harming the main concept of the CEFTA as such the free trade concept. As showed in the stats below, in 2013, Kosovo main foreign trade partners in exports are Albania with 14.9%, Macedonia 8.9%, 5.9% Montenegro, Serbia by 4.9%, while the largest partners of Kosovo imports from Balkan countries are Serbia with11.7%, Macedonia with 7.6%, and 4.5% Albania 19 . 3. Security Cooperation Developing and maintaining regional security cooperation in the Western Balkan region continues to remain of the most crucial interests of the European Union and Western Balkan countries. Indeed, security is a vital factor for establishing political stability, peace, security and economic prosperity in the region. Having in front challenges such as organized crime, international terrorism, corruption and border management the Western Balkan countries assisted by the EU, has had established many regional security initiatives. Despite the fact that cooperation in the field security does represent one of the main elements of stabilization in the region, it also requires partnership and cooperation between the countries which were active in the chain of conflicts occurring in 1990’s or still is in ongoing political disputes 20 . Hence, lack of recognition of Kosovo independence 21 and statehood from BiH has created a status-quo thus lack of bilateral relations among these countries. 19 Kosovo Agency of Statistics: Kosovo Foreign Trade – 2013 Stats. Kosovo Agency of Statistics. Retrieved August 13, 2014, from http://ask.rks-gov.net/publikimet/doc_view/1127-statistikat-etregtisaeuml-saeuml-jashtme-2013tmpl=component&format=raw 20 Djugumanov, I., Lazić, B., &Tasev, J. (2012). The Balkans and the Future of Euro-Atlantic Integration. Atlantic Council, 2(2), 1-12. 21 Full text: Kosovo declaration. (2008, February 17). BBC News. Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7249677.stm Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej • Rok 12 (2014) • Zeszyt 3
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About the Authors Artur Adamczyk -
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