- Page 1: IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF BUILDING MA
- Page 4 and 5: University of Plymc, - ý-i E. 3 LS
- Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS Abstract .................
- Page 8 and 9: Introduction to the in situ measure
- Page 10 and 11: List of charts Chart 1: Thermal dif
- Page 12 and 13: Chart 54: Voltra temperature rises
- Page 14 and 15: Figure 26: Thermal image of clay st
- Page 16 and 17: Equation (28) .....................
- Page 18 and 19: Author's declaration At no time dur
- Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1: Introduction This thesis
- Page 23 and 24: shown the potential, in the UK clim
- Page 25 and 26: and practical obstacles to the succ
- Page 27 and 28: through the solid. Convection, as a
- Page 29: Introduction to the thermal probe t
- Page 33 and 34: za U) > uj ý r- C >, ()) = ui SD 0
- Page 35 and 36: Global C02 emissions from fossil fu
- Page 37 and 38: they can contribute not only to rev
- Page 39 and 40: e Empirical knowledge and experienc
- Page 41 and 42: Guide thermal property values are o
- Page 43 and 44: hot plate measurements of construct
- Page 45 and 46: With a supposed accuracy of better
- Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2: Literature review, the t
- Page 49 and 50: Figure 6: Niven (1905), hot wire ap
- Page 51 and 52: thermal resistance inherent to each
- Page 53 and 54: temperature rises more slowly after
- Page 55 and 56: plate method for thermal conductivi
- Page 57 and 58: ecause there was a temperature diff
- Page 59 and 60: temperature rise at very early time
- Page 61 and 62: such as the probe wall thickness, c
- Page 63 and 64: could have identical thermal diffus
- Page 65 and 66: A small cylinder of acrylic materia
- Page 67 and 68: negative values were thought to be
- Page 69 and 70: whether the outcome was dependent o
- Page 71 and 72: measured at various depths through
- Page 73 and 74: for thermal diffusivity was achieve
- Page 75 and 76: Tests were first carried out on foa
- Page 77 and 78: achieved, believing that small comp
- Page 79 and 80: the whole temperature rise over the
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(1949) to measure liquids, to more
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and instead two wires of different
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was described as equivalent to a gr
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thermocouple was attached to the ho
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this could have explained discrepan
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Equation (14) was reduced to: IM AT
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L ct. t 1/2 r 0.0632r 2 Equation (2
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The boundary condition raises furth
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the probe. Hence thermal conductivi
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the difference in results for paraf
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a= Cr I/4 exp(B / A) Equation (24)
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put forward that the measurement ra
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where the early times, identified f
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Results achieved with the thermal p
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without consideration of contact re
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Van Haneghem et al (1998) had more
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at the University of Bristol; and o
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cited were quite different form the
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a= 4(exp y)x, and 42: 1 respectivel
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diffusivity value and the length of
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symptoms in AT/Int were not given;
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published values well. Thermal diff
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from assuming an infinitely long li
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assessed after what time the heat c
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Goodhew and Griffiths (2005) report
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25mm x 0.6mm stainless steel needle
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The problem of contact resistance w
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oth a stand-alone probe with a heat
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thermal diffusivity results could b
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Contemporary standards relating to
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directions are given to accommodate
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measurements requires prior technic
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Discussion arising from the literat
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In measurement analyses derived fro
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Many researchers, because of the di
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the meth
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differentiate between the temperatu
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* An assessment of measurements usi
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measurements using various case stu
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(1951). The sensitivity of the equa
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The Blackwell equation including la
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A further study was carded out to a
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measurement was introduced to the d
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The data sheet contained a facility
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is similar to the work of van Loon
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m U) CY) (1 - Z: (0 CD LO ll C" W)
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AT over In(t) , 6T/In(t) *6T/In(t-1
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eyond. These results related to a v
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Interim conclusion to the assessmen
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Chapter 5: Laboratoty work A number
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could then be revisited for further
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process was instigated whereby ther
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acetyl resin containing around 25%
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A Calculated over 10s Periods 0.2 0
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The dual probe gave a volumetric he
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It was found that 1.5mm high speed
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0.3 100s A Comparison, 3mrn Hole dr
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practicably possible, using a 1.5mm
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Temperature Stabilisation 17.00 16.
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Temperature Stabilisation 17.80 17.
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Steinhagen (1977), in a literature
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Assael et al (2002) considered that
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Power Level Assessment, Phenolic Fo
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A Calculated over 100s Periods - Lo
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Figure 13 shows 100s time window, t
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Probe Temperature v Elapsed Heating
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Vos (1955), and later researchers s
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Boundary Assessment, Phenolic Foam
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Figure 14: Thermal imaging arrangem
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Figure 16: 3D thermal image of a pr
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of measurements, and eleven others
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ather than insulating, aerated conc
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Conclusions from the laboratory bas
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Chapter 6: In situ measurements Int
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fluctuating during a measurement, a
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about 6 hours but could also be run
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Probe temperature measurement The t
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This methodology produced a compoun
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Chart 38: TP08 reactions of PT1000
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Example of smoothed TPOS data -PT10
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Figure 20: Field apparatus packed f
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Figure 21: The Body and probe posit
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A Calculated over 100s Periods 2 1.
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Base, needle and ambient temperatur
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unplastered walls, in a sheltered s
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locks, respectively. Samples were m
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ased measurements of an oven dried
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Figure 23: Unfired earth and woodsh
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Some difficulties with the techniqu
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Chart 51 shows average thermal cond
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----... - -ci.. .. Figure 25: Clay
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to varied thermal conductivity valu
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In Situ Results Over 100s Periods H
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a notionally dry room for six days.
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Chapter 7: Further work, discussion
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thermal diffusivity of IIAE-07 rn 2
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entrance losses, as proposed with t
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work where it is envisaged that sma
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Discussion The aim of this project
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temperature rise effects of thermal
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produced temperature rises in the r
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egion of 0.8m long. However, with t
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along with the effects of temperatu
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designers wishing to reduce energy
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Appendix A: Computer simulation The
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The author is further indebted to D
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Voltra thermal conductivity outcome
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ased on real experimental data for
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A Calculated over 100s Periods 0.1
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4) Despite the three issues above,
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I Relf Date Material Probe Heat Lab
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Rof Date Material Probe Heat Lab Ra
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Ket Uate material vroDS meat LaD Ke
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KOf uate mi rrooe meat LaD In situ
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I Ref Date Material Probe Heat Lab
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Date Material Probe Heat Lab Raw Da
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list Date material Probe meat Iao t
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Ref Date Material Probe Heat Lab Ra
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Location Analyses hemp situ 00("),
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13: 51 (f) MED/1 32 (hole B) 14: 01
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Output Input thermal SD Mean PC SID
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Input thermal properties, from Pars
- Page 325 and 326:
ASTIVI Committee D20 (2005) Standar
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heat flow meter methods - Dry and m
- Page 329 and 330:
Department of Trade and Industry (2
- Page 331 and 332:
Hacker J, Holmes M, Belcher S, Davi
- Page 333 and 334:
Jaeger JC (1958) The measurement of
- Page 335 and 336:
Morton T, Stevenson F, Taylor B, Sm
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http: //www. building. co. uk/story
- Page 339 and 340:
Todd S (2006) A review of the propo
- Page 341 and 342:
Woodside W, Messmer JH (1961a) Ther
- Page 343 and 344:
Carwile LCK, Hoge HJ (1966) Thermal
- Page 345 and 346:
Lovins AB (1996) Negawatts: Twelve
- Page 347:
Woodside W (1958) Calculation of th