Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality in the - WHO/UNICEF ...

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Figure 2.1 Steps in RADWQ surveys Establish availability of JMP or similar data on access that can be disaggregated by technology type. Use updated information when available. Identify stakeholders and establish an intersectoral steering committee with an agreed lead agency. Capability and capacity assessment for parameters, using the agreed methods. Review skills required and identify a potential implementation team. Standardize methodologies within the team. Collate and analyse existing water-quality data to help inform survey design and provide broader country context. Evaluate the pre-test pilot, and plan for scaling-up. Design the survey (see Figure 2.2) Plan field implementation Undertake assessment National review and preparation of report. 9
Determine the sample size The Steering Committee (composition presented in Annex 1) decided to use the standard sample size of 1600 for the number of water supply points to be assayed, rather than a smaller sample size, even though historical data showed that over 90% of Jordanian water supplies were microbiologically safe. The committee considered a sample size of 1600 to be conservative and noted that other countries involved in the RADWQ pilot studies had used the same value. Figure 2.2 Design of the RADWQ survey for Jordan Determine the sample size This is the total number of water sampling points to be visited in the RADWQ survey. Primary stratification of sampling points Proportionally weight the sampling points by technology type, for technologies that serve at least 5% of the population. In Jordan, only piped water supplies met this criterion (Table 2.5). Secondary stratification of sampling points Proportionally assign the sampling points by broad area. In Jordan, the broad area corresponded to the governorates, and the sampling points were assigned according to the populations of the governorates (Table 2.6). Define cluster size This is the number of water sampling points that can be visited in one week by one team. For the RADWQ survey in Jordan, cluster size was 24 sampling points. Designate large area sampling units The governorates are divided into non-overlapping, large area sampling units, each containing at least one cluster. The sampling units are used to build weighting tables for randomly assigning the clusters of water sampling points to be visited by field teams. Designate clusters and individual water supplies These are the clusters and associated water sampling points that will be visited by the RADWQ survey field teams (Annex 6). 10
Page 1: RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING- WATER
Page 4 and 5: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
Page 6 and 7: Annex 9 Record sheet for a RADWQ sa
Page 8 and 9: Foreword Among the infectious disea
Page 10 and 11: Acronyms and abbreviations CEHA Cen
Page 12 and 13: 1. Introduction 1.1 The WHO/UNICEF
Page 14 and 15: Health Survey, the Multiple Indicat
Page 16 and 17: Table 1.2 Structure of the Jordania
Page 18 and 19: 2 Methods 2.1 General design of RAD
Page 22 and 23: Table 2.2 RADWQ survey design for J
Page 24 and 25: The total number of water samples a
Page 26 and 27: Data recording In the field, data w
Page 28 and 29: Table 3.2 Bacterial counts for Jord
Page 30 and 31: 3.3 Aesthetic parameters The three
Page 32 and 33: 3.4 Overall compliance The RADWQ su
Page 34 and 35: Table 3.12 Responses to sanitary ri
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.14 Pearson’s r analysis o
Page 38 and 39: 3.9 Quality control procedures Fiel
Page 40 and 41: 4.3 The RADWQ project in Jordan Met
Page 42 and 43: References Howard G, Ince M, Smith
Page 44 and 45: Annex 2 RADWQ project team in Jorda
Page 46 and 47: Annex 4 Microbiological guidelines
Page 48 and 49: A. Criteria: 1- E. Coli counts shal
Page 50 and 51: what have been mentioned in the sec
Page 52 and 53: Pesticides Aldrin Benzene DDT Dield
Page 54 and 55: 37 Alzarqa Shakeer 38 Alzarqa East
Page 56 and 57: Annex 7 RADWQ survey budget for Jor
Page 58 and 59: RADWQ field workplan - week 3 (28/1
Page 60 and 61: RADWQ field workplan - week 7 (26/1
Page 62 and 63: RADWQ field workplan - week 11 (23/
Page 64 and 65: RADWQ field workplan - week 15 (20/
Page 66 and 67: Annex 9 Governorate 2 Cluster No. S
Page 68 and 69: Annex 10 Bacteriological parameters
Page 70 and 71:
industrial pollution, most fluoride
Page 72:
World Health Organization Avenue Ap
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