Book on the Righteous - Jevrejska opština Zemun

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Righteous Among The Nations - Serbia Introductory Chapter EDITOR’S FOREWORD In 1953 the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, founded “Yad Vashem” – a museum in remembrance of Holocaust victims. Ten years later a commission for proclaiming the Righteous among Nations was established. The reward in the form of a medal and diploma are a testimony of the courage of individuals, exclusively non-Jews, who during World War Two risked their own lives, as well as the lives of their families to save those of Jewish people who, for the most part, were completely unknown to them. In 1941 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was occupied by Germany and its allies. By dividing the country, mostly on ethnic principles, Germany managed to secure the unconditional support of the top elite of all the nations living in Kingdom Yugoslavia at the time. Although deeply opposed, all who stood in power in the territories of the quartered country still had one common aim – the extinction of Jews. In order to better understand the courage of the Righteous, a special part of the book, written by Professor Dr. Milan Ristović, has been dedicated to historical conditions in which these rescues took place. Dr. Milan Koljanin has written a comprehensive chronology of the conditions Jews lived in Serbia and the Yugoslav state prior to 1941. Up to the nineties of the twentieth century, all Righteous within the territory of former Yugoslavia were recorded as Yugoslavs. With the breaking up of the country and the forming of new states, the need arose to impart all instances of saving Jews in the territory of today’s Serbia. In our choice of individuals noted in the list of the Righteous of Serbia we relied on official Yad Vashem records. However, we also established that in the list of the Righteous of Serbia there were persons who performed their heroic deeds in the territory of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina (8). We also noticed that certain cases of rescuing Jews inside Serbia had been registered as feats of the Righteous from Slovenia and Croatia (3). For this reason, our list differs from that of Yad Vashem in some ten names. Through life stories written by Milan Fogel, the book presents the precious deeds of 128 proclaimed Righteous of Serbia. Our book also includes a few additional stories. Here I would like to point to the story of Petar Zanković from Sutomore. The reason for publishing this story lies in the fact that it is the one recorded case of saving Jews in Montenegro and is worthy of being remembered along with other stories in this book. Another case would be the story of Andja Jakovljević who saved a Jewish life in Mostar. Notwithstanding the fact that she was a Serb by birth and that she lived in Smederevo (Serbia) after the war, the reason for publishing her story among the Righteous in our book was that she had been omitted in the <strong>Book</strong> on the Righteous from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fully aware that editions of this kind are rarely published, we have also included the stories of two individuals who have been recommended for the Righteous title, but are still waiting for the final awarding decision. The research we have undertaken in collecting material for writing the following stories revealed that there were many who played a role in the effort to save Jews, but have in time been simply forgotten or have not received adequate attention for their contribution. All who read the stories with due attention will note that beside those proclaimed as Righteous, there were many others who also took active part in the process of saving Jews. We hope that the stories contained in the book will be a way to commemorate their contribution and 10
Righteous Among The Nations - Serbia Introductory Chapter preserve it in memory. It is with great pride that we dedicate this book to the citizens of Serbia who saved Jewish lives during World War Two, and hope that by recounting their life-stories we have woven a unique memorial in their honour. Nenad Fogel Belgrade, July 2010 11
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