MCNL - Center for the Education and Study of Diverse Populations

Effective approaches include:
• structured cooperative small group work, or partner/peer learning activities which facilitate negotiation of
meaning;
• content which is cognitively challenging and presented through “sheltered” techniques, such as the use of a
variety of visuals and realia; guarded vocabulary and accurate language modeling; small group tasks which
require problem-solving and discovery learning; and hands-on learning experiences using concrete examples
to illustrate abstract concepts;
• focused, brief direct instruction of concepts and skills, complemented by abundant individual and collaborative
student-centered practice;
• language activities which address many learning styles including TPR (“Total Physical Response” – an approach
to language learning that emphasizes a dramatic association of the whole body with language learning),
multi-sensory projects (e.g., art, drama, music), “whole-to-part” and “part-to- whole” instruction and activities, and
the making of graphs, charts, and tables;
• notational/ functional and thematic approaches, which integrate vocabulary and grammar acquisition into the
communication needs of students;
• use of learning/study strategies such as mental rehearsal, researching, making inferences, positive self-talk,
collaboration, and questioning for clarification.
The New Mexico Modern, Classical and Native Languages Content Standards require a much broader definition of
language study in which students are given opportunities to explore, develop, and use communication strategies,
learning strategies, and critical thinking skills, as well as the appropriate elements of the language system and culture.