The Size, Structure, and Variability of Late-Type Stars Measured ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

iii Contents List of Figures List of Tables v vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Principles of Interferometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 History of Interferometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 ISI System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 Stellar Evolution and AGB Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Diameter Measurements Performed with the ISI Compared with Other Instruments 17 2.1 Diameter Measurements with the ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2 Comparison of ISI Data with Visible and Near-IR Measurements . . . . . . 24 2.3 Implications of Diameter Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3 Examination of the Accuracy of Interferometric Diameter Measurements 31 3.1 Observed Complications to a Straight-Forward Interpretation of Measured Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.2 Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.3 Spectral Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.4 Analysis of AGB Atmospheres Including Continuum Opacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.4.1 Static Radiative Transfer Implied Corrections - Limb Darkening . . 48 3.4.2 The Effect of Dynamic Phenomena on Stellar Atmospheres . . . . . 52 3.4.3 Cohesive Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres and 11 µm Diameter Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.4.4 Investigation of Non-LTE Conditions in Atmospheres . . . . . . . . 68 3.5 Explanation of Variations in Measured Diameter with Wavelength . . . . . 72 4 Time Variability in o Cet 77 4.1 Implications of Diameter Measurements on Pulsation Mode and Dynamics in Miras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.2 Variation of the Diameter of o Cet with Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
iv 5 Spectroscopy and ISI Measurements of Spectral Features 85 5.1 General Results of 11 µm Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 5.2 Continuum Measurements at 11.149 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5.3 Modelling Spectral Features in Mira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.4 Larger Sizes Measured on Spectral Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Bibliography 109
Page 1 and 2: The Size, Structure, and Variabilit
Page 3: 1 Abstract The Size, Structure, and
Page 7 and 8: vi 3.15 Density, Temperature, and C
Page 9 and 10: viii Acknowledgements Over the cour
Page 11 and 12: 2 to achieve resolution characteris
Page 13 and 14: 4 sources are not coaligned perfect
Page 15 and 16: 6 Intensity Profile Hankel Transfor
Page 17 and 18: 8 Figure 1.3: Possible Effective Ba
Page 19 and 20: 10 6LJQDO'HWHFWRU 6LJQDO'HWHFWRU /D
Page 21 and 22: 1995A&A...304...69P 12 Figure 1.5:
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.6: Stellar Evolution of a
Page 25 and 26: 16 such as Mira variables, become u
Page 27 and 28: 18 wavelengths, however, its range
Page 29 and 30: 20 Figure 2.1: ISI Data for o Cet f
Page 31 and 32: 22 Figure 2.3: Uniform Disk, Limb D
Page 33 and 34: 24 2.2 Comparison of ISI Data with
Page 35 and 36: 26 Table 2.3: Diameter Measurements
Page 37 and 38: 28 measurements. χ Cyg and R Leo a
Page 39 and 40: 30 metric flux (from the reference
Page 41 and 42: 32 their surface. Very often, mater
Page 43 and 44: 34 Mira. Finally, variations in tim
Page 45 and 46: 36
Page 47 and 48: 38 Figure 3.2: Intensity Distributi
Page 49 and 50: 40 Figure 3.4: Ratio of the Best-Fi
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.5: Synthetic Near-Infrared
Page 53 and 54: 44 Angular Diameter (mas) 60 50 40
Page 55 and 56:
46 wavelengths which would cause th
Page 57 and 58:
48 3.4.1 Static Radiative Transfer
Page 59 and 60:
50 Figure 3.8: Ratio of Photospheri
Page 61 and 62:
52 3.4.2 The Effect of Dynamic Phen
Page 63 and 64:
54 Figure 3.10: “Standard” Bowe
Page 65 and 66:
56 extension is reflected at wavele
Page 67 and 68:
58 photosphere. These results suppo
Page 69 and 70:
60 Figure 3.13: Continuum Opacity o
Page 71 and 72:
62 assuming only continuum sources.
Page 73 and 74:
64 Figure 3.16: Normalized Syntheti
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3.17: Density and Temperatur
Page 77 and 78:
68 Figure 3.19: Apparent Size of H
Page 79 and 80:
70 of Fox and Wood (1985) [31] are
Page 81 and 82:
72 3.5 Explanation of Variations in
Page 83 and 84:
74 Figure 3.21: 2.1 µm Image of 25
Page 85 and 86:
76 at visible wavelengths either by
Page 87 and 88:
78 4.1 Implications of Diameter Mea
Page 89 and 90:
80 11 µm Diameter of o Cet vs. Dat
Page 91 and 92:
82 Figure 4.3: A uniform intensity
Page 93 and 94:
84 phase observed in the continuum
Page 95 and 96:
86 5.1 General Results of 11 µm Sp
Page 97 and 98:
88 depth are the contours plotted a
Page 99 and 100:
90 Figure 5.3: Best Fitting Calcula
Page 101 and 102:
92 of its three parameters. The con
Page 103 and 104:
94 H 2 O on their measured diameter
Page 105 and 106:
96 5.3 Modelling Spectral Features
Page 107 and 108:
98 Figure 5.7: Stellar Intensity Pr
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 5.9: Observed H 2 O Spectral
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 5.10: Höfner Model Predicte
Page 113 and 114:
104 30 km/s causes the spectrum to
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 5.13: o Cet Spectra in Obser
Page 117 and 118:
108 density prediction matches the
Page 119 and 120:
110 Dixon. The infrared angular dia
Page 121 and 122:
112 [29] M. U. Feuchtinger, E. A. D
Page 123 and 124:
114 [50] A. P. Jacob, T. R. Bedding
Page 125 and 126:
116 [70] A. A. Michelson and F. G.
Page 127 and 128:
118 [92] Martin Schwarzschild. Over
Page 129:
120 [114] P. Woitke, D. Krüger, an
show all

The Size, Structure, and Variability of Late-Type Stars Measured ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?