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ECO-IEST President, Alternative Member to the IPBES Bureau

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News<br />

Solar Energy<br />

in Uzbekistan<br />

<strong>ECO</strong><br />

CHRONICLE<br />

An era of uncertainties related <strong>to</strong><br />

petroleum industry and oil prices has<br />

left inves<strong>to</strong>rs and nations scrambling <strong>to</strong> develop alternative<br />

sources of energy. The <strong>the</strong>oretical annual potential<br />

of solar power is estimated <strong>to</strong> exceed all fossil fuels<br />

reserves by more than 10-20 times.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> <strong>ECO</strong> region, solar power is receiving renewed<br />

attention, particularly in <strong>the</strong> Republic of Uzbekistan,<br />

with a population of 26 million.<br />

Besides a climate suited <strong>to</strong> solar power, Uzbekistan<br />

brings advantages <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> table, including a longstanding<br />

interest in generating power from sunlight, an<br />

advanced industrial base and a highly literate, hardworking<br />

population.<br />

The technical potential of solar energy in Uzbekistan<br />

is immense and is estimated <strong>to</strong> exceed by 400 percent<br />

<strong>the</strong> country's annual energy needs of 65 million <strong>to</strong>ns of<br />

oil equivalent. The problem for Uzbekistan, as with<br />

many alternative energy sources, is <strong>the</strong> relatively high<br />

start-up costs.<br />

Initial projects have been modest in scope, with a<br />

major effort being made <strong>to</strong> develop solar-powered<br />

hot-water supply systems for use in such enterprises as<br />

agricultural greenhouses, cattle farms and <strong>the</strong> drying<br />

and canning of fruits and vegetables.<br />

Officials in Tashkent have been busy<br />

searching out funding for solar projects<br />

from a variety of sources, including <strong>the</strong><br />

United Nations. Under a grant from <strong>the</strong><br />

U.N. Development Program, scientists of<br />

<strong>the</strong> Uzbek Physical and Technical Institute<br />

and Agency for Technology Transfer have<br />

instituted <strong>the</strong> "Pure Energy for Rural<br />

Communities in Karakalpakstan" project,<br />

which allowed specialists at Uzbekistan's<br />

"Fo<strong>to</strong>n" Plant <strong>to</strong> produce 25 pho<strong>to</strong>electrical<br />

systems for supplying <strong>the</strong> people of <strong>the</strong><br />

Aral Sea region with electricity and hot<br />

water in <strong>the</strong> designated Ayazkala <strong>to</strong>urist<br />

complex, which uses solar pho<strong>to</strong>voltaic<br />

batteries <strong>to</strong> supply <strong>the</strong> facility with energy<br />

and desalinated drinking water.<br />

Uzbekistan is on <strong>the</strong> crest of a development<br />

wave in alternative energy sources,<br />

as environmental concerns and o<strong>the</strong>r fac<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

are driving many nations <strong>to</strong> consider<br />

solar power.<br />

The 12th <strong>ECO</strong> Summit (Baku 16 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber<br />

2012) acknowledged <strong>the</strong> vast potential of<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>ECO</strong> region in <strong>the</strong> field of renewable<br />

sources of energy and its importance for<br />

sustainable development.<br />

According <strong>to</strong> Uzbekistan government<br />

officials <strong>the</strong> concerned authorities are<br />

pressing forward with bringing <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

solar specialists from around <strong>the</strong> world <strong>to</strong><br />

share ideas on research on solar power.<br />

It is estimated that <strong>the</strong> country's proven<br />

reserves of black coal may last for an estimated<br />

50 years at <strong>the</strong> most; oil for not<br />

more than 12; and natural gas for about<br />

30 years. Beyond any doubt, Uzbekistan<br />

has immense potential for using alternative<br />

energy sources, such as wind and solar<br />

power. With sunny days 82% of <strong>the</strong> time,<br />

and high-wind terrains and fast-moving<br />

mountain rivers, Uzbekistan has <strong>the</strong><br />

potential <strong>to</strong> produce three times as much<br />

energy as hydrocarbon reserves would<br />

allow.<br />

<strong>ECO</strong> CHRONICLE<br />

13

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