V - PowerWorld

Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B
Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B
IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model
E C
1
1+ sT R
V REF
2
V C
V S
+ +
Σ
−
−
+
V UEL V RMAX
V AMAX
K
PR
K
+ +
+
IR DR
Σ
s
+ IA
K
1 + PA
+ π
sTDR
s
−
5
3 4
-K V
L FE
V RMIN
sK
V AMIN
K
V A
Σ K F 2
+
+
KV
P
T
Σ
−
VFEMAX
-K I
K +S (V )
E E E
1
sT E
V EMIN
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
D FD
V E
Speed
1 Spdmlt 0
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
6
sK
1+ sT
F 3
F
V FE
Σ
+
+
V X
+
Σ
+
K E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - K
4 - K
5 - V
IR
DR
A
t
6 - Feedback
AC7B supported by PSSE
ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
K F1
K D
I FD

Exciter AC8B
Exciter AC8B
IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System
V COMP
VREF
VS
V PIDMAX
V RMAX
VFEMAX
-K I
K +S (V )
E E E
D FD
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
+
+
KIR
sKDR
K
A
Σ Σ K + PR
s
+ 1 + sT 1+ sT
VUEL
+
+
VOEL
V PIDMIN
3
DR
4
V RMIN
A
5
+
V R
Σ
−
V FE
1
sT E
V EMIN
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
E FD
N
I N
Σ
+
+
( )
K + S V
E E E
I
N
=
KCI
V
E
FD
K D
I FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - PID 1
4 - PID 2
5 - V
R
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter BPA_EA
Exciter BPA_EA
Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model
Regulator
V T
Filter
1
1+ sT R
2
V STB
+
−
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
1
1+ sTA
1
V RMAX
3 4
+
Σ
−
Exciter
1
sT E
E FD
1
V RMIN
V REF
5
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sT
F
S
E
+ K
E
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
R1
t
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EB
Exciter BPA EB
Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model
Regulator
Exciter
V T
Filter
1
1+ sT R
2
V STB
+
−
+
Σ
V REF
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
Stabilizer
1
1+ sTA
1
V RMAX
3 4
V RMIN
+
Σ
−
S
E
1
sT E
+ K
E
1
E FDMAX
EFDMIN
= 0
E FD
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
6
1
1+ sTF
1
States
1 - E before limit
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
6 - V
R
R1
F
F1
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EC
Exciter BPA EC
Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model
Regulator
Exciter
V STB
V RMAX
E FDMAX
V T
−
V REF
+
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
4
K
A
1+ sT
A
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sT
F
2
V RMIN
1
1+ sTA
1
S
E
+ K
3
E
+
Σ
−
S
E
1
sT E
+ K
E
1
EFDMIN
= 0
E FD
States
1 - E before limit
2 - V
3 - V
4 - V
FD
R
R1
F
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA ED
Exciter BPA ED
SCPT Excitation System Model
'
V T
1
1+ sT R
2
V REF
−
+
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
Regulator
1
V RMAX
3 4
1+ sT V
A1
R
V RMIN
+
Σ
+
V BMAX
0
Exciter
V B
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
K E
1
E FD
V S
V T
I T
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
V THEV
π
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
Stabilizer
⎛0.78⋅
I ⎞
FD
A = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ VTHEV
⎠
If A> 1, V = 0
States
1 - EField
B
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
R
t
2
I FD
5 - Feedback
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1−
A

Exciter BPA EE
Exciter BPA EE
Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model
Regulator
Exciter
'
V T
−
V REF
+
Σ
+
'
K
A
1+
sT
V RMIN
V RMAX
RH
∗
V RH
2
If:
∆V ≥ K , V = V
T V R RMAX
∆ V < K , V = V
T V R RH
∆V ≤− K , V = V
T V R RMIN
V R
+
Σ
−
S
E
1
sT E
+ K
E
1
E FDMAX
E FDMIN
E FD
'
V T
−
'
V TO
+
Σ
∆V T
* NOTE:
If the time constant T is equal to
RH
'
zero, this block is represented as K
A
/s
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - V
RH
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EF
Exciter BPA EF
Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator
Excitation System Model
Regulator
Exciter
V SO
V RMAX
E FDMAX
+
V A(1 A)
T − Σ Σ
( T = R
0)
−
s
V REF
+
+
3
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sT
F
K
V RMIN
+ sT
S
E
+ K
2
E
+
Σ
−
S
E
1
sT E
+ K
E
1
EFDMIN
= 0
E FD
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - V
R
3 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EG
Exciter BPA EG
SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model
Regulator
V REF
V RMAX
V T
−
+
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
2
1
1+ sTA
1
V R
1
E FD
V RMIN
V SO
3
sKF
1+ sT
F
Stabilizer
States
1 - EField
2 - V
A
3 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EJ
Exciter BPA EJ
Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model
Regulator
'
V T
V SO
Filter
+
1 2
1+ sT
− Σ
R
+
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
3
1
1+ sTA
1
V RMAX
1
E FDMAX
π
E FD
V REF
V RMIN
E FDMIN
4
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA EK
Exciter BPA EK
General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model
Regulator
Exciter
V SO
V RMAX
E FDMAX
VT
(T =0)
R
−
+
V REF
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
4
A
2
1
1+ sTA
1
V RMIN
Stabilizer
sKF
1+ sT
F
3
+
Σ
−
S
E
1
sT E
+ K
E
1
EFDMIN
= 0
E FD
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - V
3 - V
4 - V
R
R1
F
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FA
Exciter BPA FA
WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
+
+
Σ
−
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
3
K
A
1+ sT
A
V R
4
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FD
1
V F
V RMIN
V FE
S
E
+ K
E
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FB
Exciter BPA FB
WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
VV
T
RMAX
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
+
+
Σ
−
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
3
K
A
1+ sT
A
V R
4
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FD
1
V F
VV
T
RMIN
V FE
S
E
+ K
E
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
B
R
t
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FC
Exciter BPA FC
WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
I T
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
Σ
+
V ERR
V S
V RMAX
+
+
Σ
−
V F
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
4
K
A
1+ sT
V RMIN
A
3
V R
+
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
LL
t
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
V FE
Σ
+
+
K E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter BPA FD
Exciter BPA FD
WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
I T
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
Σ
+
V ERR
V RMAX
EFD MAX
V S
+
+
Σ
−
F
V RMIN
K
A
1+ sT
A
3
+
V 0
V R
V B
Σ
+
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
V T
I T
IFD
VE = KPVT + jKIIT
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
E
EX
π
( )
F = f I
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
N
4
FEX
sKF
1+ sT
F
V If K = 0. and K = 0., V = 1.
K E
P I B
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t

Exciter BPA FE
Exciter BPA FE
WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V RMAX
K V
VERR
RMAX RMIN
V
−V
sK T
V
RH
V RH
3
−K V
V RMIN
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
RH
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
If V ≥ K , V = V
ERR V R RMAX
If V < K , V = V
ERR V R RH
If V ≤− K , V = V
ERR V R RMIN
V R
+
V FE
Σ
−
K
E
1
sT E
+ S
E
1
E FD

Exciter BPA FF
Exciter BPA FF
WSCC Type F (AC2) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
V S
V AMAX
+
Σ
+
4
3
+
−
V F
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
K
A
1+ sT
V AMIN
A
−
V A
V H
Σ
V L
LV
Gate
K B
K L
V RMIN
V RMAX
V R
+
Σ −
+
V LR
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
sKF
1+ sT
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
5
F
K H
Σ
V FE
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter BPA FG
Exciter BPA FG
WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V
Σ
ERR
+
+
V S
V IMIM
V IMAX
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
K
A
1+ sT
3 1
A
RMIN
(V − K I )
RMAX
E FD
(V − K I )
C FD
C FD
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FH
Exciter BPA FH
WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
V AMAX
K LV
Σ
+
−
1+
sT 4
C HV K
A
+
+ Σ
π
1+
sT Gate
Σ
B
1+ sT V
V + A V A R
−
S
V F
V AMIN
3
K R
V LV
−
V FE
0
1
sT E
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
s
+ sT
1
F
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
5
V N K N
K F
E FDN
EFD
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter BPA FH
Exciter BPA FH
WSCC Type H Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
V AMAX
1+
sT 4
C
K 3
A
+
+ Σ
π
1+
sT
Σ
B
1+ sT V
V + A V A R
−
S
V F
V AMIN
K R
−
1
sT E
V EMIN
V FE
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
s
+ sT
1
F
5 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
5
V N K N
K F
E FDN
EFD
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter BPA FJ
Exciter BPA FJ
WSCC Type J Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V S
V ERR
+
Σ
+ −
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
3
K
A
1+ sT
V RMIN
V RMAX
A
1
(VT EFDMAX − KCI FD)
E FD
(VT EFDMIN − KCI FD)
V F
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
4 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FK
Exciter BPA FK
WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V
ERR
+
Σ
+ −
V S
V IMIM
V IMAX
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
3
K
A
1+ sT
A
1
(VT VRMAX − KCI FD
)
E FD
(VT VRMIN − KCI FD
)
V F
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
4 - VF
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FL
Exciter BPA FL
WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model
V REF
V T
IT
V = V + ( R + jX ) I
C T C C T
V C 1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
V GMAX
V ERR
K G
+
V S
+
Σ
+
V IMAX
KJ
1
1+
sT
+ sT
C
B
V G V RMAX
−
3 +
1
V A
Σ
K
A
1+ sT
A
V R
π
E FDMAX
E FD
V IMIN
V RMIN
V B
V REF
V T
I T
( )
V = KV+ jK+
KX I
E P T I P L T
V E
π
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX
=
jθ
K P Ke
P
p
States
1 - V
M
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
No block diagrams have been created

Exciter DC3A
Exciter DC3A
IEEE 421.5 2005 DC3A Excitation System Model
V REF
V RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
−
Σ +
K V
VERR
RMAX RMIN
2 V RH 3
V
−V
sK T
V RH
−K V
V RMIN
If V ≥ K , V = V
ERR V R RMAX
If V < K , V = V
ERR V R RH
If V ≤− K , V = V
ERR V R RMIN
V R
+
−
Σ
1
sT E
1
V EMIN
States
1 - E FD
2 – Sensed V t
3 - V RH
+
Σ
+
V X
X
K E
E
( )
V = EFD ⋅ S EFD
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter DC4B
VOEL
(OEL=1)
Exciter DC4B
IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation System Model
Alternate OEL Inputs
VOEL
(OEL=2)
E C
1
1+ sT R
V REF
2
+ −
−
+
Σ
−
V
UEL
(UEL=1)
+
V
V F
S
Alternate UEL Inputs
K
V
P
+ KI
sKD
s
+ 1 + sT
RMIN
V
K
RMAX
D
K
3 4
A
V
UEL
(UEL=2)
A
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
V T
VV
T
K
A
1+ sT
VV
T
A
RMIN
RMAX
V R
5
π Σ π
+
−
+
Σ
+
1
sT E
V EMIN
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
1
Speed
1 0 Spdmlt
E FD
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - V
R
t
6 - Feedback
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
6
sKF
1+ sT
F
K E

Exciter ESAC1A
Exciter ESAC1A
IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System Model
E C
+
1 2 1+
sT
1+ sT − R
Σ
1+
sT
+
V S
−
V
V
F
REF
C
B
4
K
A
1+ sT
V AMIN
V AMAX
A
V UEL
3
HV
Gate
V OEL
LV
Gate
V RMIN
V RMAX
+
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
0
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
1
V E
Speed
1 Spdmlt 0
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
5
sKF
1+ sT
5 - VF
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
F
Σ
V
V
X
FE
+
+
+
Σ
+
K E
K D
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter ESAC2A
Exciter ESAC2A
IEEE Type AC2A Excitation System Model
EC
VREF
1
1+sT
R
+
−
V S
+
1+sT
4
V AMAX
3
+
VUEL
K H
sKF
1+sT
VOEL
C
A
B
1+sT
K HV
Σ 1+sT Σ
Gate Gate Σ
2
B
A V
−
A
VR
−
V F
V RMIN
V V
AMIN H
States
1 - VE
2 - Sensed Vt
3 - VA
4 - VLL
5 - VF
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
K
5
F
LV
V RMAX
+
−
VFEMAX
-K I
K +S (V )
+
Σ
Σ
E E E
0
1
sT
E
D FD
V
X=VES E(V E) F
EX
=f(I
N
)
VX
+
+
+
V FE
KE
K D
1
V E
Speed
1 0
Spdmlt
π
F EX
I N
KI
I
N
= V
E FD
C FD
E
I FD

Exciter ESAC3A
Exciter ESAC3A
IEEE Type AC3A Excitation System Model
K R
E C
V UEL
V REF
V AMAX
2
+
1 V C
1+
sT
1+ sT R
− 1+
sT
HV
C
A
Σ Gate Σ
B 4
1 + sTA
+
V AMIN
V S
V
V FE
F
+
−
K
3
V
A
π
+
V
R
Σ
−
V EMIN
VFEMAX
-K I
K +S (V )
1
sT E
E E E
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
D FD
1
V E
Speed
1 Spdmlt 0
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
Σ
+
V X
+
+
Σ
+
K E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
5 - VF
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
5
s
+ sT
1
F
V N
V N
K N
K F
EFD
K D
I FD

Exciter ESAC4A
Exciter ESAC4A
IEEE Type AC4A Excitation System Model
V UEL
E C
V REF
+
1 2
1+
sT 3
C
HV
K 1
A
1+ sT − R
Σ
1+
sT
Gate 1+ sT
+
V IMAX
V
RMAX
V I
B
A
V IMIN
V RMIN
-K I
C IFD
E FD
V S
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
PSSE uses nonwindup limit on E
FD

Exciter ESAC5A
Exciter ESAC5A
IEEE Type AC5A Excitation System Model
E C
V REF
V RMAX
1
1+ sT R
V S
+
2
−
−
+
K
A
Σ
1+ sT
RMIN
A
3
+
V 0
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
4 5
sKF
( 1+
sTF3
)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
F1 F2
V X
+
( )
V = V ⋅ S V
X E E E
If T =0, then sT =0.
F2
F3
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
R
t
4 - Feedback 1
5 - Feedback 2
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

Exciter ESAC6A
Exciter ESAC6A
IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model
Speed
E C
V REF
V UEL
V AMAX
1 2 K
A
1+
sT
3
1+
sT 4
K
C
1+ sT −
R
Σ
1+
sT 1+
sT
V C
V S
+
+
+
( )
5
A
1+
sT
1+
sT
B
V A
+
Σ
−
V R
V
T RMIN
AMIN
J
H
VV
VV
+
Σ
V HMAX
V X
K
V H Σ
H
− + V FE
+
0 V FELIM
T
RMAX
−
Σ
+
1
sT E
0
+
Σ
K E
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
+
1
V E
1 0
Spdmlt
EX
π
( )
F = f I
I
N
F EX
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - T Block
A
4 - V
5 - V
LL
F
t
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
K D
I FD

Exciter ESAC8B_GE
Exciter ESAC8B_GE
IEEE Type AC8B with Added Speed Multiplier.
V COMP
1
1+ sT R
2
−
K
V
PR
REF
V RMAX
+
3
K
A
Σ
s + Σ
1+ sT
+
K IR
+
+
A
5
+
V R
Σ
−
VFEMAX
-K I
K +S (V )
E E E
1
sT E
D FD
1
Speed
1 Spdmlt 0
π
F EX
E FD
V S
sK
1+ sT
DR
DR
4
V RMIN
V FE
V EMIN
EX
( )
F = f I
N
I N
Σ
+
+
( )
K + S V
E E E
I
N
=
KCI
V
E
FD
K D
I FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - PID 1
4 - PID 2
5 - VR
Model supported by PSLF
If V 0, V = V V and V = V V
TMULT RMAX T RMAX RMIN T RMIN

Exciter ESAC8B_PTI
Exciter ESAC8B_PTI
Basler DECS Model
K PR
V REF
V RMAX
V C
1
1+ sT R
V S
2
−
+
+
Σ
K IR
s
sKDR
1+ sT
D
+
4 5 +
1
+
3
Σ
+
K
A
1+ sT
RMIN
A
V R
Σ
V 0
−
X
1
sT E
E
( )
V = EFD ⋅ S EFD
E FD
V X
+
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - Derivative Controller
4 - Integral Controller
5 - V
R
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter ESDC1A
Exciter ESDC1A
IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System Model
V REF
V UEL
V RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
V C
V S
−
+
+
1+
sTC
HV
K
A
Σ
1+
sT Gate 1+ sT
−
VF
B
5
V RMIN
A
3
V R
+
VFE
Σ
−
X
1
sT E
0
E
( )
V = EFD ⋅ S EFD
1
E FD
V X
+
4
sKF
1+ sT
F1
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
5 - Lead-Lag
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in the Simulator implementation

Exciter ESDC2A
Exciter ESDC2A
IEEE Type DC2A Excitation System Model
V REF
V UEL
VV
T
RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
V C
V S
−
+
+
1+
sTC
HV
K
A
Σ
1+
sT Gate 1+ sT
−
B
5
VV
T
RMIN
A
3 +
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
V F
V FE
X
E
( )
V = EFD ⋅ S EFD
V X
+
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
sKF
1+ sT
5 - Lead-Lag
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in Simulator
4
F1

Exciter ESDC3A
Exciter ESDC3A
IEEE Type DC3A with Added Speed Multiplier
V REF
V RMAX
V C
1
1+ sT R
1
−
+
Σ
V ERR
−K V
K V
V
−V
sK T
RMAX
V
RH
RMIN
V
V RH
RMIN
If V ≥ K , V = V
If V ≤− K , V = V
Else V
ERR V R RMAX
ERR V R RMIN
R
= V
RH
3
V R
+
V X
−
Σ
X
K
E
E
1
+ sT
E
( )
V = EFD ⋅ S EFD
2
Speed
1 Spdmlt 0
π
E FD
If exclim 0 then 0 else unlimited
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
RH
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter ESST1A
Exciter ESST1A
IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System Model
VUEL
(UEL=1)
Alternate
UEL Inputs
VUEL
(UEL=3)
E C
1
1+ sT R
V REF
VS
(VOS=1)
+
2
−
+
Σ
−
+
V IMIN
V IMAX
VUEL
(UEL=2)
V I
HV
Gate
Alternate
Stabilizer
Inputs
( 1+ sTC)( 1+
sTC1
)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
B
B1
3 4
K
A
1+ sT
V AMIN
V AMAX
A
VS
(VOS=2)
+
1
+
V
A
Σ
−
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
VT VRMAX -K
CIFD
VV
T
RMIN
EFD
V OEL
V F
States
1 - V
A
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - LL
4 - LL1
5 - Feedback
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
0
KLR
I
Σ FD
+
−
I LR

Exciter ESST2A
Exciter ESST2A
IEEE Type ST2A Excitation System Model
V UEL
V REF
V RMAX
EFD MAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
V C
V S
+
−
+
1+
sTC
HV K
A
Σ
1+
sT Gate 1+ sT
−
V 0
F
B
V RMIN
A
3
V R
V B
π
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
V T
I T
VE = KPVT + jKIIT
E
π
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
V If K = 0 and K = 0, V = 1
K E
P I B
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes UEL input that is read but not utilized in Simulator

Exciter ESST3A
Exciter ESST3A
IEEE Type ST3A Excitation System Model
V GMAX
K G
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
V S
+
Σ
+
V IMAX
V UEL
V I
HV
Gate
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
−
4 K 3
+
K 1
VA
A
1+ sT
V RMAX
A
V R
V G
Σ
M
1+ sT
V MMAX
M
VM
π
EFD
V IMIN
V RMIN
V MMIN
V B
V REF
V BMAX
V T
I T
( )
V = KV+ jK+
KX I
E P T I P L T
V E
π
K
P
=
j P
Ke θ
P
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX
States
1 - V
M
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
R
t
4 - LL
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

Exciter ESST4B
Exciter ESST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Potential- or Compound-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter Model
V S
K G
V UEL
V COMP
1
1+ sT R
2
+ +
−
+
Σ
K
PR
V RMAX
K
+
s
IR
−
4 1 3
+
K 1
V R
1+ sTA
Σ
K
PM
+
V MMAX
IM
s
LV
Gate
π
E FD
V REF
V RMIN
V T
I T
( )
V = KV + j K + K X I
E P T I P L T
V MMIN
V E
π
V OEL
V BMAX
V B
States
1 - V
M
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
R
t
K
P
=
GMAX
j P
Ke θ
P
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes V input that is read but not utilized in Simulator
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX

Exciter EWTGFC
Exciter EWTGFC
Excitation Control Model for Full Converter GE Wind-Turbine Generators
Reactive Power Control Model
V C
1
1+ sT R
V RFQ
4 +
+
− 1
1
∑
f N
K IV
s
KPV
1+ sT
V
5
∑
3 +
Q MIN
Q MAX
1+ sTFV
6
P FAREF
P elec
1
1+ sTP
tan
7
π
Q REF
0
1
pfaflg
Q REF
0
−1
1
Q MAX
+
Q gen
−
∑
V MAX
K QI
s
1
V REF
+
−
∑
I QMAX
K VI
s
I QCMD
2
varflg
Q MIN
V MIN
V TERM
I QMIN
States
1 - V
2 - E
3 - K
4 - V
5 - K
6 - Q
7 - P
ref
qppcmd
PV
regMeas
IV
ORD
Meas
Model supported by PSLF
P ORD
P elec
−
+
∑
+
−
pqflag
∑
÷
V TERM
K dbr
I PMAX
−
1
∑
Converter Current Limit
0
+
E
0 BST
1
s
I PCMD
P dbr

Exciter EX2000
Exciter EX2000
IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-Rectifier Excitation System Model
V RMAX
V AMAX
Field Current
Limiter
KP
⋅ETRM
V EMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
Reference
Signal
K
s
+
IR
IA
Σ K Σ KPA
+
− PR
+
π Σ
+
−
4
V F
V AMIN
K
s
REF
3
V RMIN
1st PI Controller
2nd PI Controller
V A
Σ +
+
Minimum
Gate 1
K F 2
−K V
L
+
FE
V FE
−
V X
1
sT E
V EMIN
( )
V = VS V
X E E E
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
E
E FD
If field current limiter is included, V
EMAX
is off.
V
FEMAX D FD
If field current limiter is excluded, V
EMAX
= K
E +S
E (V
E )
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
API
RPI
5 - LL
t
6 - IFD
PI
Model supported by PSSE
-K I
K F1
Σ
+
+
+
Σ
+
K E
K D
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter EX2000 REFERENCE SIGNAL MODEL
Exciter EX2000 Reference Signal Model
Frequency
KVHZ
Q ELEC
SBASE
Machine MVA BASE
1
ETERM
Reactive
Current
KRCC
V REF
V UEL
+
+
+
Σ
−
Minimum
Gate 2
REF LIMP
REF
V STB
Reference Signal Model
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter EX2000 FIELD CURRENT LIMITER MODEL
Exciter EX2000 Field Current Limiter Model
IFD REF1
Level
Detector
Output =1 if level exceeded
Latch
Gate 1
Inverse Timing
OR
IFD REF2
( I1, T1)
( I2, T2)
( I3, T3)
( I4, T4)
Output =1 if
timing expired
Latch
Gate 2
IFD LIMP
I FD
IFD REF3
IFD REF4
A
B
C
D
+
Σ
−
KIIFD
KPIFD +
s
IFD LIMN
3rd PI Controller
6
A
B
C
D
To
Minimum
Gate 1
1+
sT
1+
sT
LEAD
LAG
5
IFD ADVLIM
Advance Limit
Switch Operation
Output D = B if C =0
Output D = A if C=1
Model supported by PSSE
Field Current Limiter Model
(Over Excitation Limiter)

Exciter EXAC1
Exciter EXAC1
IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
E C
2
1 −
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ + Σ
1+
sT
V C
+
+
−
V F
C
B
4
K
A
1+ sT
V RMIN
A
3
+
V R
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
R
LL
F
t
5
sKF
1+ sT
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF also uses V
AMIN
and V
AMAX
Simulator will narrow the limit range as appropriate when loading the DYD file
If VAMIN > V
RMIN
then VRMIN = VAMIN
If VAMAX
< V
RMAX
then VRMAX = VAMAX
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
F
Σ
V FE
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter EXAC1A
Exciter EXAC1A
Modified Type AC1 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
E C
2
1 −
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ + Σ
1+
sT
V C
+
+
−
V F
C
B
4
V RMIN
K
A
1+ sT
A
3 +
V R
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
V FE
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
K D
I FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
R
LL
F
t
sKF
1+ sT
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
5
F

Exciter EXAC2
Exciter EXAC2
IEEE Type AC2 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V AMAX
EC
+ +
4
3
2
1 − + 1+
sTC
K
A
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
1+
sT 1+ sT
V C
−
V F
B
V AMIN
A
+
V A
Σ
−
V H
V L
LV
Gate
K B
V RMIN
K L
V RMAX
V R
+
Σ −
+
V LR
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
5
sKF
1+ sT
F
K H
Σ
V FE
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
A
LL
F
t
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
K D
I FD

Exciter EXAC3
Exciter EXAC3
IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V AMAX
K LV
Σ
+
−
V FEMAX
E C
1 2
−
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
1+
sT
VC
+
+
+
−
V F
C
B
4
HV
Gate
V AMIN
K
A
1+ sT
A
3
V
A
π
+
V R
Σ
V LV
−
K R
V FE
0
1
sT E
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
5
s
+ sT
1
F
V N K N
K F
EFD N
EFD
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
K D
I FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
A
LL
F
t
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

Exciter EXAC3A
Exciter EXAC3A
IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model
K R
V REF
V AMAX
VEMAX
Speed
E C
+
2
1 1+
sT 4
−
C
1+ sT R 1+ sT + Σ
V C
Σ
+
V S
B
−
K
A
1+ sT
V AMIN
A
3
V A
π
+
V R
V FE
Σ
−
1
sT E
V EMIN
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
V F
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
LL
t
5 - VF
Model supported by PSLF
5
s
+ sT
1
F
V N K N
K F
EFD N
EFD
K D
I FD
V =
FEMAX
V =
V
EMAX
EMIN
V
= F
( K V +V +V -V -V )
L1 C S REF C F
FA
( V -K I )
LV
EX
FEMAX
S +K
E
D FD
E
K
K
L1

Exciter EXAC4
Exciter EXAC4
IEEE Type AC4 Excitation System Model
E C
V REF
+
V S
1 2 −
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
1+
sT
+
V ERR
+
V IMIN
V IMAX
C
B
K
A
1+ sT
3 1
A
V
V
RMIN
RMAX
-K I
-K I
C IFD
C IFD
E FD
States
1 - EField before limit
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
LL
t
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

Exciter EXAC6A
Exciter EXAC6A
IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model
E C
VV
T
2
+
1 − K
1+
sT
A(1 + sT ) 3 4
k
C
+
1+ sT R
Σ
1+
sT 1+ sT Σ
A
B
V A V R
+
−
VV
V S
V REF
V AMIN
V AMAX
T
+
RMIN
RMAX
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
V E
1
EX
Speed
π
( )
F = f I
F EX
N
E FD
5
1+
sT
1+
sT
J
H
V HMAX
V H
0
K H
Σ
+
−
V FELIM
Σ
+
+
V FE
K
E
+ S
KD
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
IFD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - T Block
A
4 - V
LL
t
5 - VF
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXAC8B
Exciter EXAC8B
Brushless Exciter with PID Voltage Regulator
K VP
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
V REF
Σ
+
-V IMAX
V S
V IMAX
K VI
s
sKVD
1+ sT
VD
5
+
4
+
Σ
+
1
1+ sTA
V RMIN
V RMAX
3
+
Σ
Σ
−
+
+
0
K
1
sT E
E
+ S
E
V E
1
EX
π
( )
F = f I
I
N
Speed
F EX
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
E FD
V FE
KD
IFD
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
R
t
4 - Derivative
5 - Integral
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXBAS
Exciter EXBAS
Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding DC or AC Rotating Exciter Model
E C
V REF V STB
4 5
+
2 +
1 − +
KI
1+
sTC
1+ sT R
Σ Σ KP
+
s 1+
sT
+ +
−
B
K
A
1+ sT
V RMIN
V UEL V OEL
V RMAX
A
3
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
V E
1
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
7
sKF
1+ sT
F
6
1+
sT
1+
sT
F1
F 2
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD
K D
States
1 - V
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
R
t
4 - PI
5 - LL
6 - Feedback LL
7 - Feedback
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter EXBBC
Exciter EXBBC
Transformer-fed Excitation System
V REF
E C
1
1+ sTF
− 1+
sT
Σ +
+
1
+
3
+ sT
Σ
4
+
T2
K T
1
V RMAX
V RMIN
1 ⎛T
⎞
1
1
⎜ −1⎟ K ⎝T ⎠ 1+
sT
2 2
+
Σ
−
1
1+ sTE
EE
T
EE
T
FDMIN
FDMAX
+
Σ
X E
−
I FD
E FD
Switch = 0
Switch = 1
Supplemental
Signal
Model supported by PSLF but not yet implemented in Simulator

Exciter EXDC1
Exciter EXDC1
IEEE DC1 Excitation System Model
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
V S
+
Σ
+
−
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
K
A
1+ sT
V RMAX
3 4
+
A
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
Speed
π
E FD
1
V REF
V F
5
sKF
1+ sT
F1
V RMIN
K
E
+ S
E
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXDC2_GE
Exciter EXDC2_GE
IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
V comp
V REF
V S
+
+
1 2
−
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ
1+
sT
−
C
B
V
K
A
1+ sT
RMAX
3 4
V
sK
RMIN
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
F
V
T
A
F1 F2
V
T
+
Σ
−
K
1
1+ sTE
E
+ S
E
Speed
π
E FD
1
5
6
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
6 - V
B
R
F1
F2
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXDC2_PTI
Exciter EXDC2_PTI
IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
V comp
V REF V S
+
2
1 −
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ + Σ
1+
sT
V ERR
+
−
5
C
B
sKF
1+ sT
F1
V
K
A
1+ sT
A
RMAX
3 4
V
RMIN
V
T
V
T
+
Σ
−
K
1
1+ sTE
E
+ S
E
Speed
π
E FD
1
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model supported by PSEE

Exciter EXDC2A
Exciter EXDC2A
IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
E C
1 2 − 1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ
1+
sT
+
+
V REF
V F
V S
−
5
C
B
sKF
1+ sT
3
F1
V
V
K
A
1+ sT
RMIN
A
V
RMAX
T
V
T
4
+
V R
Σ
−
K
E
1
sT E
+ S
E
Speed
π
E FD
1
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXDC4
Exciter EXDC4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
E C
V S
V RMAX
V REF
1
+
− -K R
1
+
Σ
-1
K R
V RMIN
sT RH
2
V RH
V R
+
Σ
−
K
E
1
+ sT
E
Speed
π
E FD
1
V RMAX
π
-K V
S E
K V
V RMIN
States
1 - E
2 - V
FD
RH
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXELI
Exciter EXELI
Static PI Transformer Fed Excitation System Model
K s1
P GEN
⎛ sTW
⎜
⎝1+
sT
4 5
W
3
⎞
⎟
⎠
6 Ks2
7
1+ sT
s1
+
Σ
+
−sT
1+
sT
s2
s2
8
−S MAX
S MAX
E C
2
1
+
−
1+ sT Σ V Σ
FV
PU
States
1 - T
NU
2 - Sensed V
3 - Sensed I
t
FLD
+
4 - P Washout1
GEN
5 - P Washout2
GEN
V REF
6 - P
GEN
Washout3
7 - Lag Stabilizer
8 - Washout Stabilizer
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
+
V PNF
1
sT NU
D PNF
1
+
+
Σ
−
−
Σ +
3
V PI
1
1+ sTFI
+
Σ
X E
−
E FMIN
I FD
E FMAX
E FD

Exciter EXPIC1
Exciter EXPIC1
Proportional/Integral Excitation System Model
V REF
V R1
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
E T
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
K
A
( 1+
sT )
s
A1
3
V A
( 1+
sTA3
)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
A2 A4
4 5
V R
V RMAX
V RMIN
π
E FDMAX
E FDMIN
+
E 0
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FD
1
V S
V R2
sK
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
F
F1 F2
V B
K
E
+ S
E
6 7
V T
I T
VE = KPVT + jKIIT
π
States
1 - E
If KP = 0 and KI = 0, then VB
= 1
If T = 0, then EFD = E
FD
E
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
6 - V
7 - V
A
R1
R
F1
F
t
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
0
I FD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
F EX
N

Exciter EXST1_GE
Exciter EXST1_GE
IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model
V comp
VS
+
V
REF
+
1 2
1+
sT
1+ sT R −
Σ
1+
sT
−
V IMIN
V IMAX
C
B
3
1+
sT
1+
sT
C1
B1
K
A
1+ sT
V AMAX
5 1
A
+
−
Σ
VT VRMAX -K
CIIFD
VT VRMIN -K
CIIFD
+
Σ
−
E FD
V AMIN
X E
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
0
K lr
Σ
−
+
I FD
I lr
States
1 - V
A
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
LL
F
LL1
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXST1_PTI
Exciter EXST1_PTI
IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
E c
+
1 2
1+
sT
1+ sT R
Σ
+ Σ
−
1+
sT
V ERR
−
+
V IMIN
V IMAX
C
B
3
K
A
1+ sT
A
1
VT VRMAX -K
CIIFD
VT VRMIN -K
CIIFD
E FD
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
States
1 - E before limit
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
LL
F
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter EXST2
Exciter EXST2
IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
E FDMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
Σ
V ERR
+
Σ
−
+
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
5 K
3
A
+ 1 1
1+ sT V + Σ Σ
A R
sT E
+ −
V RMIN
V B
0
E FD
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
K E
V T
I T
VE = KPVT + jKIIT
V E
π
FEX
If K = 0 and K = 0, then V = 1
P I B
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
R
F
LL
t
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE does not include T and T inputs
B
E
FD
C
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N

Exciter EXST2A
Exciter EXST2A
Modified IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
E FDMAX
V COMP
1
1+ sT R
2
−
Σ
+
V ERR
+
1+
sT 5 3
K
1
A
+
1
C
+ Σ
π Σ
1+
sT 1+ sT V
sT
B
A R
E
−
−
V F
V RMIN
V B
0
E FD
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
K E
V T
I T
VE = KPVT + jKIIT
V E
π
If K = 0 and K = 0, then V = 1
P I B
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
R
F
LL
t
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE does not include T and T inputs
E
FD
B
I N
C
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX

Exciter EXST3
Exciter EXST3
IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model
V GMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
V REF
V S
Σ
+
V ERR
+
Σ
+
V IMIN
V IMAX
K
J
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
VA
V G
V RMAX
−
3 + K
A
1
∑
1+ sTA
V R
V RMIN
π
K G
V B
E FDMAX
E FD
V T
I T
( )
V = KV + j K + K X I
E P T I P L T
V E
π
K
P
= Ke θ
P
j P
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX
States
1 - V
R
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - LL
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

Exciter EXST3A
Exciter EXST3A
IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model
V GMAX
E C
K
P
V T
I T
1
1+ sT R
V REF
= Ke θ
P
j P
2
IFD
V S
−
Σ +
+
V IMIN
K
J
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
( )
V = KV + j K + K X I
E P T I P L T
I
N
V IMAX
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
VA
EX
V G
∑
V E
( )
F = f I
N
K
A
1+ sT
V RMIN
π
FEX
V RMAX
−
3 +
1
A
V BMAX
π
Speed
K G
V B
E FD
States
1 - V
R
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - LL
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXST4B
Exciter EXST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Excitation System Model
K G
V S
V RMAX
V MMAX
E C
1 2
1+ sT R
V REF
−
+
Σ
+
K
PR
V RMIN
K
+
s
IR
−
4 3
1
1 +
1+ sTA
∑
K
PM
V MMIN
K
+
s
IM
V M
V BMAX
π
V B
E FD
V T
I T
( )
V = KV + j K + K X I
E P T I P L T
V E
π
K
P
= Ke θ
P
j P
IFD
I
N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I N
EX
( )
F = f I
N
FEX
States
1 - V
MInt
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
A
R
t
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXWTG1
Exciter EXWTG1
Excitation System Model for Wound-Rotor Induction Wind-Turbine Generators
ω REF
R EXT
R MAX
+
ω −
1+
sT 2
R
W1
+
1
∑ K W
∑
1 sT
sT
+
W 2 +
+
1+ A EXT FD
1
R (E )
P E
sK
1+ sT
DP
DP
3
R MIN
States
1 - R external
2 - SpeedReg
3 - Washout
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXWTGE
Exciter EXWTGE
Excitation System Model for GE Wind-Turbine Generators
V REG
1
1+ sT R
WindVAR Emulation
V (V )
RFQ
REF
4 +
− 1
+
1
∑
f N
K IV
s
KPV
1+ sT
V
5
∑
3 +
Q MIN
Q MAX
1+ sTC
Q ORD
6
P
FAREF
(V
REF) tan( ⋅)
QREF
(V
REF) Switch = 0
P 1 7
Q
ORD
from separate model
E
π
(V
REF)
1+ sTP
Switch = 1
pfaflg
Switch = 0 Switch = −1
States
1 - V
2 - E
3 - K
4 - V
5 - K
6 - Q
ref
"
QCMD
PV
regMeas
IV
ORD
7 - PMeas
Model supported by PSLF
Q ORD
Switch = 1
varflg
Q CMD
+
Open
Loop
Control
Q GEN
∑
V TERM
−
V MIN
K QI
s
Q MIN
V MAX
VREF
Q MAX
+
÷
∑
Q CMD
P
ORD
(V
S) I
PCMD
(I
FD)
From Wind Turbine Model
1
−
V
I PMAX
TERM
KVI
s
TERM
+ XI
V + XI
QMAX
2
E '' (E )
QMIN
Q CMD
To Generator
Model
FD

Exciter IEEET1
Exciter IEEET1
IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
V REF
V RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
+
−
Σ
K
A
Σ
+ 1+ sT
A
3
V R
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FD
1
V RMIN
V S
VE = SE ⋅ EFD
V E
+
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
R
t
4 - VF
Model supported by PSSE
Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator

Exciter IEEET2
Exciter IEEET2
IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model
V REF
V RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
K
A
Σ + Σ
1+ sT
+
−
A
3
+
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FD
1
V RMIN
V S
5
1
1+ sTF
2
4
sKF
1+ sT
F1
V E
+
Σ
+
VE = SE ⋅ EFD
K E
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
R
F1
F2
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEET3
Exciter IEEET3
IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
−
V REF
+
K
A
Σ + Σ
1+ sT
+
−
V RMIN
V RMAX
A
3
V R
+
Σ
+
V B
V BMAX
0
K
E
1
+ sT
E
1
E FD
V S
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
V T
I T
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
π
⎛0.78⋅
I ⎞
FD
A = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ VTHEV
⎠
If A> 1, V = 0
B
2
I FD
1−
A
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEET4
Exciter IEEET4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
S E
ψ
V REF
V RMAX
π
E C
−
+
Σ
ΔV
-K R
-1
1
K R
1
sT RH
ΔV < K V
V RH
2
+
V R
Σ
−
K
E
1
+ sT
E
E FD
1
V RMIN
ΔV > K V
V RMAX
-K V
K V
V RMIN
States
1 - EField
2 - V
RH
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEET5
Exciter IEEET5
Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
S E
ψ
E C
−
V REF
+
Σ
ΔV
V RMIN
1
V
sT RH
-K V
RMAX
2
V RMAX
V RMAX
K V
ΔV < K V
V RH
+
V R
π
ΔV > K V
Σ
−
K
E
1
+ sT
E
E FD
1
V RMIN
States
1 - EField
2 - V
RH
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEEX1
Exciter IEEEX1
IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
E C
V REF V S
+ +
Regulator
2
1 +
1+
sT 3
−
C
K 4
A
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
V 1+
sTB
1+ sTA
ERR
−
V F
V RMIN
V RMAX
+
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
K
E
+ S
E
5
sKF
1+ sT
F1
Damping
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEEX2
Exciter IEEEX2
IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model IEEEX2
E C
V REF
V S
+ +
Regulator
1
2
1+
sT 3
−
C
K 4
A
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
V +
1+
sT 1+ sT
ERR
−
V F
B
V RMIN
V RMAX
A
+
V R
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
K
E
+ S
E
sK
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
F
F1 F2
Damping
5 6
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - LL
4 - V
5 - V
6 - V
R
F1
F2
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEEX3
Exciter IEEEX3
IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
V REF
V S
Regulator
K
A
+ sT
+ +
− +
Σ Σ
V 1
ERR −
V F
V RMIN
V RMAX
A
3
V R
+
Σ
+
0
K
E
1
+ sT
E
1
E FD
4
sKF
1+ sT
F
Damping
V BMAX
V T
I T
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
V TH
I FD
V
2
TH
−
( 0.78I
) 2
FD
0
V B
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
R
F
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEEX4
Exciter IEEEX4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
V REF
V RMAX
E C
1
1+ sT R
2
+
−
Σ
VERR
RMAX RMIN
−K V
K V
V
−V
sK T
V
RH
3
V RH
V RMIN
If V ≥ K , V = V
ERR V R RMAX
If V < K , V = V
ERR V R RH
If V ≤− K , V = V
ERR V R RMIN
V R
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
1
E FD
K
E
+ S
E
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
RH
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEET1A
Exciter IEET1A
Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
V REF
V RMAX
E C
+
Σ
− +
+
Σ
−
K
A
1+ sT
A
2
+
Σ
−
1
sT E
E FDMAX
1
E FD
V RMIN
E FDMIN
V S
3
sKF
1+ sT
F
K
E
+ S
E
States
1 - EField
2 - V
3 - V
R
F
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEET1B
Exciter IEET1B
Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
sK
1+ sT
F1
F1
Switch=0
Switch=1
S E
I MAG
ψ
E C
X V REF
E
+
1
−
+
A
Σ
Σ
+ 1+ sT R
Σ Σ Σ
V
T
+
V SMAX
+
Bias
+ −
V SMIN
V RMIN
+
K
1+ sT
V RMAX
A1
V R
1
1+ sTA2
VREG
π
−
1
+ FD
+
sT E
E
V S
−K E
Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator

Exciter IEET5A
Exciter IEET5A
Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
S E
ψ
V REF
V RMAX
π
E C
−
−
+
K
A
Σ
1+ sT
V TO
+
Σ
ΔVT
*
V
RH
V RMIN
V RMAX
-K V
K V
V RMIN
2
ΔV
< K
+
V R
ΔV > K V
−
Σ
K
E
1
+ sT
E
E FDMAX
E FDMIN
K
A
* If TRH
equals zero, block becomes
s
1
E FD
States
1 - EField
2 - V
RH
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IEEX2A
Exciter IEEX2A
IEEE Type 2A Excitation System Model
V REF
V S
V RMAX
E C
+
+
1 2
1+
sT 3
−
C
K 4
A
1+ sT R
Σ Σ
V 1+
sTB
1+ sTA
+
ERR
−
V F
V RMIN
V R
+
Σ
−
0
1
sT E
1
E FD
5
sKF
1+ sT
F1
K
E
+ S
E
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
3 - V
4 - V
5 - V
B
R
F
t
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter REXS
Exciter REXS
General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
E C
1
1+ sT R
10
9
sKF
1+ sT
1+
sT
1+
sT
F1
F 2
V REF
+
V S
Σ
6 Regulator
K (1 + sT
K
VI
C1)(1 + sTC2)
A
V
Σ KVP
+
s (1 + sT )(1 + sT ) 1+ sT
+
ERR
−
V F
−V IMAX
V RMIN
V RMAX
V
+
IMAX
2
−
V
5
E
R
F
V R
+
Σ
K H
K
IP
K
+
s
II
1
1+ sTP
V FMIN
I TERM
B1 B2
V FMAX
+
X C
+ 4
3 +
−
7
8
Σ
V CMAX
+
Σ
−
0
A
1
sT E
0
1
V E
States
1 - V 6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL1
EX
K EFD
π
T
3 - V 8 - V LL2
F
4 - Current PI 9 - Feedback
5 - V 10 - Feedback LL
R
Speed
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
I
I
E FD
Fbf
0
2
1
I FE
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD
K D
Model supported by PSLF. If flimf = 1 then multiply V
RMIN
,V
RMAX,V FMIN
, and VFMAX by V
TERM.

Exciter REXSY1
Voltage Regulator
E C
1 2
1+ sT R
−
V REF
+
+
Σ
V S
+
V −
F
Σ
Exciter REXSY1
General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
−V
V IMAX
IMAX
10
K
VP
K
+
s
1+
sT
1+
sT
F1
F 2
VI
6
9
(1 + sTC1)(1 + sTC2)
(1 + sT )(1 + sT )
B1 B2
7 8
sKF
1+ sT
F
1
1+ sTA
FV ⋅ RMIN
FV ⋅ RMAX
Fbf
0
1
2
[ ]
F= 1.0 + F (E -1.0) ⋅(K +K +S )
5
I FE
V R
1IMF T E D E
E FD
I TERM
X C
Exciter Field Current Regulator
FV ⋅ FMAX
V CMAX
V R
+
Σ
K H
−
K
IP
K
+
s
II
4
1
1+ sTP
FV ⋅ FMIN
3
+
Σ
+
−
1
sT E
0
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V 6 - Voltage PI
E
2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL1
Model supported by PSSE
T
3 - V 8 - V LL2
F
4 - Current PI 9 - Feedback
5 - V 10 - Feedback LL
R
I
I
I FE
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter REXSYS
Voltage Regulator
E C
1 2
1+ sT R
−
+
V REF
+
Σ
V S
+
V −
F
Σ
Exciter REXSYS
General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model
V IMAX
−VIMAX
10
K
VP
K
+
s
1+
sT
1+
sT
F1
F 2
VI
6
9
(1 + sTC1)(1 + sTC2)
(1 + sT )(1 + sT )
B1 B2
sKF
1+ sT
7 8
F
1
1+ sTA
FV ⋅ RMIN
Fbf
FV ⋅ RMAX
0
1
2
[ ]
F= 1.0 + F (E -1.0) ⋅(K +K +S )
5
I FE
V R
1IMP T E D E
E FD
Exciter Field Current Regulator
FV ⋅ FMAX
V R
+
Σ
K H
−
K
IP
K
+
s
II
4
1
1+ sTP
FV ⋅ FMIN
3
+
Σ
+
−
1
sT E
0
1
V E
EX
π
F EX
( )
F = f I
N
E FD
States
1 - V 6 - Voltage PI
E
2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL1
Model supported by PSSE
T
3 - V 8 - V LL2
F
4 - Current PI 9 - Feedback
5 - V 10 - Feedback LL
R
I
I
I FE
Σ
+
+
K
E
+ S
E
K D
I
N
I N
KCI
=
V
E
FD
I FD

Exciter SCRX
Exciter SCRX
Bus Fed or Solid Fed Static Excitation System Model
C
SWITCH
=0 C
SWITCH
=1
E 1
T
E C
V REF
E FDMAX
−
+
+
Σ
1+
sT
1+
sT
A
B
1 2
K
+ sT
1
E
π
E FD
E FDMIN
V S
States
1 - Lead-Lag
2 - V
E
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE has C = 1
SWITCH

Exciter SEXS_GE
Exciter SEXS_GE
Simplified Excitation System Model
V REF
V comp
E MAX
+
3
E FDMAX
1 2
−
1+
sTA
K
K
C( 1+
sT
4
C)
1 EFD
Σ
1+
sTB
sT
1+ sT
C
E
1+ sT R
+
Stabilizer
Output
E MIN
E FDMIN
States
1 - EField
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - LL
4 - PI
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter SEXS_PTI
Exciter SEXS_PTI
Simplified Excitation System Model
V REF
E FDMAX
E C
−
+
+
Σ
1+
sT
1+
sT
A
B
2
K
+ sT
1
E
1
E FD
E FDMIN
V S
States
1 - EField
2 - LL
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter ST6B
Exciter ST6B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation System Model
I FD
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
I LR
K CL
+
−
Σ
K LR
VOEL
(OEL=1)
Alternate OEL Inputs
VOEL
(OEL=2)
V AMAX
K FF
V RMIN
1
0
V T
V RMULT
−
−
+
Σ
V UEL
HV
Gate
+
−
+
Σ
K
PA
V AMIN
+ KIA
sK
s
+ 1 + sT
DA
DA
3 4
V A
+
−
Σ
KM
+
+
Σ
V RMAX
V RMIN
LV
Gate
V R
V B
π
1
1+ sTS
E FD
1
V REF
V S
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - V
G
t
ST6B supported by PSSE
ESST6B supported by PSLF with optional V
RMULT
V G
5
sKG
1+ sT
G

Exciter ST7B
Exciter ST7B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation System Model
V DROOP
V
OEL
(OEL=1)
Alternate
OEL Inputs
VOEL
(OEL=2)
V C
1
1+ sT R
1+
sT
1+
sT
G
F
V S
V SCL
+
+
+
Σ
+
+
+
Σ
LV
Gate
HV
Gate
V MIN
V MAX
V REF_FB
Σ
Σ
K PA
Alternate UEL Inputs
V REF
VUEL
(UEL=1)
VUEL
(UEL=2)
VOEL
(OEL=3)
VUEL
(UEL=3)
VV
T
RMAX
VV
ST7B supported by PSSE
ESST7B supported by PSLF
Not implemented yet in Simulator
T
RMIN
+
Σ
−
HV
Gate
Σ
K H
−
+
LV
Gate
VV
T
RMAX
K L
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
+
+
Σ
LV
Gate
sKIA
1+ sT
IA
HV
Gate
VV
T
RMIN
1
1+ sTS
E FD

Exciter TEXS
Exciter TEXS
General Purpose Transformer-Fed Excitation System Model
Constant
Source Voltage
Generator
Terminal Voltage
V REF
ILR
V RMAX
K CL
Σ
−
+
K FF
KLR
0
1 0
E C
1
1+ sTR
2
−
+
Σ
+
V IMAX
K
VP
K
+
s
VI
4
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
−
K M
+
V RMAX
+ −
LV
+
Σ
π
Gate Σ
V
R
V
E
E FD
V S
−V IMAX
V RMIN
sKVD
1+ sT
VD
3
1
KG
1+ sT
G
V RMIN
I FD
X C
States
1 - Feedback
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - Derivative Controller
4 - Integral Controller
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter URST5T
Exciter URST5T
IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System Model
E C
V UEL
V /K
RMAX
R
V /K
RMAX
R
V RMAX
V
RMAX
V
T
1
1+ sT R
2
−
+
Σ
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
+
Σ
+
1+
sT
1+
sT
RMIN
C1
B1
V /K
R
1+
sT
1+
sT
3 4
RMIN
C 2
B2
V /K
R
V RMIN
1
K
+
R
V
RMIN
1
1+
sT
V
T
1
Σ
−
E FD
V REF
V OEL
V STB
K C
I FD
States
1 - V
R
2 - Sensed V
t
3 - LL1
4 - LL2
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter WT2E
Exciter Model WT2E
Tw
Time constant
Kw
Speed regulator gain
Tp
Field current bridge time constant in sec.
Kp
Potential source gain in p.u.
Kpp
Potential source gain in p.u.
Kip
Field current regulator proportional gain
Rmax
Maximum external rotor resistance in p.u.
Rmin
Minimum external rotor resistance in p.u.
Slip_1 to Slip_5 Slip 1 to Slip 5
Power_Ref_1 to Power_Ref_5 Power factor regulator 1 to power factor regulator 5
States:
1 – Rexternal
2 – Speed
3 – Pelec
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter WT2E1
Exciter WT2E1
Rotor Resistance Control Model for Type 2 Wind Generator
Power-Slip Curve
Speed
1
1+ sTSP
2
−
+
Σ
K
P
R MAX
1
+
sT
I
1
R MIN
P elec
1
1+ sTPC
3
States
1 - R
external
2 - Speed
3 - Pelec
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter WT3E and WT3E1
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1
Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator
Reactive Power Control Model
V V RFQ
C
1
1+ sT R
P FAREF
4 +
+
− 1
1
∑
tan
f N
K IV
s
KPV
1+ sT
V
5
∑
3 +
Q MIN
Q MAX
1+ sTFV
6
States
1 - V 6 - Q
ref
2 - E 7 - P
qppcmd
PV
regMeas
IV
ORD
Meas
3 - K 8 - PowerFilter
4 - V 9 - SpeedPI
5 - K 10 - P
ORD
P elec
1
1+ sTP
7
π
Q REF
−1
Active Power (Torque) Control Model
P elec
Speed
( P = 20%, ω P 20
)
0
varflg
( P = 100%, ω P 100
)
( P = 60%, ω P 60
)
( P = 40%, ω P 40
)
( P , ω )
MIN
PMIN
P
1
Q MIN
Q MAX
+
1
1+ sTPWR
Q elec
−
∑
Speed
8
−
∑
V MIN
+
VMAX
K QI
s
K
K
s
V REF
VTERM
−
1 2
+
> 0
∑
Speed
9
+
IP
PP
+ π ∑
−
XI QMAX
K QV
s
XI QMIN
RPMAX
RP MIN
P MAX
vltflg
0
1 10
sT ÷
FP
P MIN
E QCMD
V TERM
IPMAX
I PCMD
WT3E supported by PSLF with RP = P and RP = -P , T = T
MAX wrat MIN wrat FV C
WT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on E . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XI and XI .
QCMD QMAX QMIN

Exciter WT4E1
Exciter WT4E1
Electrical Control for Type 4 Wind Generator
V C
1
1+ sTRV
V RFQ
K IV
s
+
5 +
− 1
4 ∑
∑
+
KPV
1+ sT
V
3
Q MIN
Q MAX
1+ sTFV
6
States:
1 – Vref 6 - Qord
2 - E qppcmd 7 - Pmeas
3 – Kpv 8 - TPower
4 – VregMeas 9 - Kip
5 – Kiv 10 - Feedback
P FAREF
P elec
1
1+ sTP
tan
7
π
Q REF
0
1
pfaflg
0
1
Q MAX
+
Q elec
−
∑
V MAXCL
K QI
s
1
+
−
∑
I QMAX
K VI
s
2
I QCMD
varflg
Q MIN
V MINCL
V TERM
I QMIN
P REF
dP MAX
pqflag
Converter Current Limit
−
1 +
K − P ORD
IP
Pelec
∑ KPP
+ ∑ ÷
1+ sT 8
PWR
s
−
dP MIN
9
+
I PMAX
I PCMD
10
sKF
1+ sT
F
0.01
V TERM
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

Machine Model CSVGN1
Machine Model CSVGN1
Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1
Other Signals
VOTHSG
V MAX
1.
CBASE
/ SBASE
V
V REF
+
−
Σ
−
( 1+ 1)( 1+
2)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
K sT sT
V MIN
3 4
1 2
RMIN
1
1+
sT
5
3
/ RBASE
π
−
Σ
MBASE / SBASE
+
Y
States:
1 – Regulator1
2 – Regulator2
3 – Thyristor
RBASE = MBASE
Note : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CSVGN3
Machine Model CSVGN3
Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN3
Other Signals
VOTHSG
V MAX
1.
CBASE
/ SBASE
V
V REF
+
−
Σ
−
V ERR
( 1+ 1)( 1+
2)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
K sT sT
V MIN
3 4
1 2
RMIN
1
1+
sT
5
3
/ RBASE
π
−
Σ
MBASE / SBASE
+
Y
1, if V
ERR
> V
OV
RMIN / RBASE if V

Machine Model CSVGN4
Machine Model CSVGN4
Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN4
Other Signals
VOTHSG
V MAX
1.
CBASE
/ SBASE
V IB
V REF
+
−
Σ
−
V ERR
( 1+ 1)( 1+
2)
( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
K sT sT
V MIN
3 4
1 2
RMIN
1
1+
sT
5
3
/ RBASE
π
−
Σ
MBASE / SBASE
+
Y
1, if V
ERR
> V
OV
RMIN / RBASE if V

Machine Model CSVGN5
Machine Model CSVGN5
Static Var Compensator CSVGN5
VOLT(IBUS)
or
VOLT(ICON(M))
Filter
1 −
+ Σ
1 sTs
1
VREF( I)
VOTHSG( I)
+
+
Σ
V EMAX
1 +
2
−V EMAX
Regulator
1st Stage 2nd Stage
1+
sTS
2
1+
sTS
4
1+
sT
1 sT
S 3
K
SVS
+
S 5
3
VERR
BR
B MAX
' '
ERR LO R MAX SD ERR
'
If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR = BR
' '
If VERR < DVHI : BR = BMIN
( )
If V > DV : B = B + K V −DV
B
'
R
1
1+
sT
6
4
BSVS
MBASE( I)
SBASE VAR( L)
States:
1 – Filter
2 – Regulator1
3 – Regulator2
4 – Thyristor
If DV = 0,
DV
DV
= B
= B
/ K
/ K
Fast Override
'
LO MAX SVS
'
HI MIN SVS
B MIN
If DV > 0,
DVLO
= DV
DV = −DV
HI
Thyristor Delay
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CSVGN6
Machine Model CSVGN6
Static Var Compensator CSVGN6
VOLT(IBUS)
or
VOLT(ICON(M))
Filter
1 −
+ Σ
1 sTs
1
1
VREF
+
Other
Signals
( )
VOTHSG I
+
+
Σ
1+
sT
1+
sT
V MIN
V MAX
S 2
S 3
2
1+
sT
1
S 4
KSVS
+ sTS
5
V EMIN
V EMAX
3
B R
States:
1 – Filter
2 – Regulator1
3 – Regulator2
4 – Thyristor
VERR
BR
' '
ERR LO R MAX SD ERR
'
If DVHI < VERR < DVLO : BR = BR
' '
If VERR < DVHI : BR = BMIN
( )
If V > DV : B = B + K V −DV
If DV = 0,
DV
DV
= B
= B
/ K
/ K
Fast Override
'
LO MAX SVS
'
HI MIN SVS
B MAX
1
1+
sT
B MIN
6
Thyristor Delay
1 2 BSHUNT
Position 1 is normal (open)
If DV > 0,
If VERR
> DV 2, switch will
DVLO
= DV
close after TDELAY cycles.
DV = −DV
HI
B
'
R
4
BSVS
+
BIAS
+
Σ
+
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model GENCC
Machine Model GENCC
Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
X
X
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
'
d
''
d
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – Eqpp
5 – Edp
6 - Edpp
E fd
−
+
Σ
−
X
X
1
'
sT do
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
''
d
d
'
E
q
+
−
Σ
−
X
''
sT do
'
d
1
− X
''
d
'
E q
i d
d axis
π
S e
E 1
X
X
q
d
q axis
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENCLS
Machine Model GENCLS
Synchronous machine represented by “classical” modeling or
Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known
voltage/frequency signal
Recorded
Voltage
Z
ab
= 0.03
on 100 MVA base
Responding
System
A
B
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
gencls
I ppd
B
Responding
System
gencls
I ppd
A
Z
ab
= 0.03
on 100 MVA base
B
Responding
System
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENROU
Machine Model GENROU
Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
P fd
X
X
''
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
l
l
E fd
+
Σ
−
1
'
sT do
+
Σ
−
−
1
''
sT do
P kd
X
X
'
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
''
d
l
+
+
Σ
''
P d
+
X
−
X
X
' ''
d d
'
( Xd
−
l)**2
X
'
d
− X
l
d − AXIS
L
ad
i
fd
Σ
+
''
P d
+
X
S e
d
− X
'
d
Σ
+
+
''
P
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – PsiDp
5 – PsiQpp
6 – Edp
i d
X
− X
P '' q l
q
X d
− X l
( )
*** q − AXIS identical,
swapping d and q substripts
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENSAL
Machine Model GENSAL
Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
X
X
''
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
l
l
E fd
+
Σ
−
1
'
sT do
−
P
P
' ''
fd
1
kd
Xd
− Xd
'
+ Σ
''
sT do
Xd
− Xl
−
+
+
Σ
''
P d
X
−
X
X
' ''
d d
'
( Xd
−
l)**2
X
'
d
− X
l
L
ad
i
fd
SP
e
fd
+
Σ
+
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – PsiDp
5 – PsiQpp
+
X
d
− X
'
d
Σ
−
−
Σ
+
+
1
''
sT qo
X
q
P kd
− X
''
q
d − AXIS
i d
''
P q
q − AXIS
i q
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENTPF
Machine Model GENTPF
Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
X
X
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
'
d
''
d
S e
E fd
−
+
Σ
−
1
'
sT do
'
E
q
Se
+
−
Σ
−
1
''
sT do
'
E q
''
ϕ d
X
X
d
'
d
−
−
X
X
''
d
''
d
X
'
d
− X
''
d
i d
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – Eqpp
5 – Edp
6 – Edpp
S
e
( ϕag
)
Q − Axis Similar except:
S
e
= 1. + fsat
X
= 1. +
X
q
d
( ϕag
)
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENTRA
Machine Model GENTRA
Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings
E fd
+
Σ
−
1
sT
'
do
+
Σ
−
S e
'
X d
d − AXIS
+
L
ad
i
fd
Σ
+
X
d
− X
'
d
i d
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 - Eqp
q − AXIS
X q
i q
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENWRI
Machine Model GENWRI
Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External
Rotor Resistance
P ELEC
P MECH
+
−
Σ
÷
1
2Hs
ωr
f S
−
+
Σ
ω 0
slip
ϕ
ϕ
fd
fq
R2Tpo
=
ω
T
'
0
=
( L − L )
'
( Ls
− L)
( R2ex
+ R2)
'
( ϕ
fd
+ Sd + ( Ls −L)
id
)
'
0
'
( ϕ
fq
+ Sq + ( Ls −L)
iq
)
'
d
'
q
0
R2Tpo
=− + ( slip)
ϕ
T
=− + ( slip)
ϕ
'
T0
ϕ = ϕ
ϕ = ϕ
s
fd
fq
l
fq
fd
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Speed wr
'
R2Tpo is a constant which is equal to T
0
times
the total rotor resistance.
R2 is the internal rotor resistance
R2ex is the internal rotor resistance
e = ωϕ −Li −R i
' '
q s d d a q
e =− ωϕ + Li −R i
' '
d s q q a d
( d) ( q)
'
= fsat
( ϕ )
'
= S ( ϕ )
'
= S ( ϕ )
' '
2
'
2
ϕ = ϕ + ϕ
S
S
S
e
d e d
q e d
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GEWTG
Machine Model GEWTG
Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines –
Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
''
E q cmd
( efd)
From
exwtge
1
1+
0.02s
s0 1
LVLP & rrpwr
−1
X ''
High Voltage
Reactive Current
Management
I sorc
I Pcmd
( ladifd)
From
exwtge
1
1+
0.02s
s1 2
I Plv
Low Voltage
Active Current
Management
LVPL
LVPL
1.11
V
1
1+
0.02s
V term
States:
1 – E q
2 – I p
3 – Vmeas
xerox
(0.5pu)
brkpt
(0.9pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
V
s2 3
Figure 1. DFAG Generator / Converter Model
''
jX
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GEWTG
Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines –
Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
''
E q cmd
( efd)
From
exwtge
1
1+
0.02s
s0
LVLP & rrpwr
−1
High Voltage
Reactive Current
Management
I sorc
I Pcmd
( ladifd)
From
exwtge
1
1+
0.02s
s1
I Plv
Low Voltage
Active Current
Management
LVPL
LVPL
1.11
V
1
1+
0.02s
V term
xerox
(0.5pu)
brkpt
(0.7pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
V
s2
Figure 1. Full Converter Generator / Converter Model
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model MOTOR1
Machine Model MOTOR1
“Two-cage” or “one-cage” induction machine
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 - Eki
5 – Speed wr
ψ dr 2
+
ψ dr1
+
Σ
−
Σ
−
ω o SLIP
ωoR
L
lr 2
ω o SLIP
ωoR
L
lr1
r2
r1
ψ
+
+
+ ψ
Σ
Σ
2 2
md mq
−
+
ψ qr 2
ψ qr1
S e
1.
L lr 2
1.
L lr 1
+
K
+
Σ
L = L − L
m s l
'
'
Lm = 1./ (1./ Lm + 1./ Llr 1)
= L −Ll
''
''
Lm = 1./ (1./ Lm + 1./ Llr 1+ 1./ Llr 2)
= L −Ll
'
'
To = Llr 1Lm /( ωoRr1Lm ) = ( Llr 1+
Lm )/( ωoRr1)
T = L L /( ω R L ) = ( L + L )/( ω R )
'' ' '' '
o lr 2 m o r 2 m lr 2 m o r 2
''
L m sat
= 1. + S ( ψ )
sat e m
ψ mq
+
Σ
− E = ψ
−
''
d
''
q
''
L m sat
i qs
ψ qr1
ω o SLIP
ψ m
ψ md
Σ
+
−
''
L m sat
i ds
+
Σ
−
ωoR
L
lr1
r1
+
Σ
+
ψ dr1
1.
L lr 1
+ Σ
+
''
L m sat
E
''
q
= ψ
''
d
+
Model supported by PSLF
ψ qr 2
Σ
−
ω o SLIP
ωoR
L
lr 2
r2
+
Σ
+
ψ dr 2
1.
L lr 2
L
''
m sat
=
1.
K / L + 1./ L + 1./ L
sat m lr1 lr 2

Machine Model SVCWSC
Machine Model SVCWSC
Static Var device compatible with WSCC Vx/Wx models
Voltage Clamp Logic
if VbusV2vcl for Tdvcl sec., Kvc =1.
V EMAX
V 1MAX
K
VC
* V
2MAX
B MAX
V BUS
+
Σ
−
X C
1+sT
1+sT
C
S1
−
Σ
V RET
+
Σ
+ +
V EMIN
1+sT
1+sT
V 1MIN
S2
S3
VSCS
+ VS
V (from external PSS)
S
K
VC
1+sT
1+sT
* V
S4
S5
2MIN
K SVS
Fast
Over
Ride
1
1+sT
B MIN
S6
B SVS
π
Input 1
KS1
1+sT
S7
1+sT
1+sT
8
S9
+
Σ
+
sT
1+sT
S13
S14
K S3
V SCSMAX
V SCS
Input 2
KS2
1+sT
S10
1+sT
1+sT
11
S12
V SCSMIN
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model LCFB1
Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1
Freq
1.0
+
−
Σ
K P
−
e MAX
Pmwset
1
+
1
F b
Σ
−
−db
−e MAX
db
K
s
L rmax
2
+
+
Σ
−L rmax
L rmax
+
Σ
+
Pref
1
1+ sTPELEC
−L rmax
P ref 0
P gen
Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable
Power Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable
States
1 - P Sensed
elec
2 - K
I
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model COMP
Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model COMP
V T
I̅T
V CC = |V T − j ∙ X e ∙ I̅T|
V CT
ECOMP
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model COMPCC
Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model for Cross-Compounds Units COMPCC
I T1
V T
I T2
E CCCC1 = V T − I T1 + I T2
∙ (R
2
1 + j ∙ X 1 ) + I T1 ∙ (R 2 + j ∙ X 2 )
E CCCC2 = V T − I T1 + I T2
∙ (R
2
1 + j ∙ X 1 ) + I T2 ∙ (R 2 + j ∙ X 2 )
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model GP1
Generic Generator Protection System GP1
52G
GSU
CT
Trip Signal
PT
V T
I
1
flag
0
Generator
Protection
(GP)
Alarm
Only
T 1
T 2
T 1 =
T 2 =
k
1.05 − a
k
s2 − a
I fd
pick up
1.05*pick up
s 2
Field
Shunt
Excitation
System
Notes: = isoc or ifoc*affl
a = asoc or afoc
k = ksoc or kfoc
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model IEEEVC
Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model IEEEVC
V T
I̅T
V CC = |V T + (R C + j ∙ X C ) ∙ I̅T|
V CT
ECOMP
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model MAXEX1 and MAXEX2
Maximum Excitation Limiter Model MAXEX1 and MAXEX2
EFD DES *EFD RATED
EFD
-
+
⬚
K MX
0
V OEL
V LOW
(EFD 1, TIME 1)
Time (sec.)
(EFD 2
, TIME 2
)
(EFD 3
, TIME 3
)
EFD (p.u. of Rated)
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model MNLEX1
Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX1
MELMAX
I REAL
+
⬚
PQSIG
+
K M +
sK F2
⬚
1 + sT M 1 + sT F2
-
EFD
1
K
0
VUEL
XADIFD
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model MNLEX2
Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX2
Q o ∙ E T
2
(R ∙ E T2
) 2
MELMAX
Q
-
+
⬚
X 2
+
-
+
⬚
PQSIG
+
X 2
-
⬚
0
K M
1 + sT M
VUEL
Q o
Q
Radius
P
sK F2
P
1 + sT F2
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model MNLEX3
Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX3
Q
V T
+ Q/V
Qo + +
K VUEL
⬚
+
M
⬚
⬚
1 + sT
(1.0 p.u.)
PQSIG
M
+
-
sK
B
F2
0
Qo
(1.0 p.u. V)
P
EFD
V T
1 + sT F2
MELMAX
B = Slope
P/V
Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model OEL1
Over Excitation Limiter for Synchronous Machine Excitation Systems OEL1
Generator
CT
PT
Field
Winding
Field
Current
Transformer
Voltage
Regulator
Reference
Runback
Voltage
Reference
Overexcitation
Limiter
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model REMCMP
Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model REMCMP
Remote bus
Remote bus number
Model supported by PSSE

Governor BPA GG
Governor BPA GG
WSCC Type G Governor Model
P MO
+
'
KΔω 1+
sT 2
1
2
1 3 1 4 1+
sFT 1
5
1+ sT −
Σ
1 sT 1+
sT 1+
sT
1
P MAX
+
3
4
5
P M
+
P e
Σ
−
P -P
M
e
States
1 - P mech
2 - Lead-Lag 1
3 - Integrator 3
4 - Integrator 4
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Governor BPA GH
Governor BPA GH
WSCC Type H Hydro-Mechanical Governor Turbine Model
PILOT VALVE GATE SERVO TURBINE
P0
XR
P UP
P MAX(P.U.)
'
KΔω
1
−
+
Σ
−
1
T (1 + sT )
G
P
3
1
2
1−
sT
W
s 1+
sTW
/2
1
P M
P DOWN
P
MIN
=0
Σ
+
+
R
SDdT
1+ sT
d
d
4
States
1 - P mech
2 - P gate valve
3 - y3
4 - Feedback
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB
Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and
BPA GLTB
No block diagrams have been created

Governor BPA GSTA
Governor BPA GSTA
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor
And Nonreheat Turbine (Type A) Model
KΔω
1
1+
sT
1
P 0
−
P MAX(P.U.)
+
3 2
1
Σ
2
−
+ sT
T
1
3
1
P UP
1
s
P GV
1
1+ sTCH
P M
P DOWN
P MIN(P.U.)
States
1 - P mech
2 - P gate valve
3 - Lead-lag
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Governor BPA GSTB
Governor BPA GSTB
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound
Single Reheat Turbine (Type B) Model
P 0
P MAX(P.U.)
P UP
KΔω
1
1+
sT
1
2
2
−
+ sT
T
1
3
+
Σ
−
1
1
s
1
P GV
P DOWN
P MIN(P.U.)
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
P M
FHP
FIP
FLP
States
1 - P gate valve
2 - Lead-lag
3 - y3
4 - y4
5 - y5
1
1+ sTCH
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1
1+ sTRH
1
1+ sTCO
3 4 5

Governor BPA GSTC
Governor BPA GSTC
WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound
Double Reheat Turbine (Type C) Model
P 0
P MAX(P.U.)
P UP
KΔω
1
1+
sT
1
2
2
−
+ sT
T
1
3
+
Σ
−
1
1
s
1
P GV
P DOWN
P MIN(P.U.)
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
P M
States
1 - P gate valve
2 - Lead-lag
3 - y3
4 - y4
5 - y5
6 - y6
1
1 sTCH
FVHP
+ 1+ sTRH1
1+ sTRH
2
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1
FHP
1
FIP
1
1+ sTCO
3 4 5 6
F LP

Governor BPA GWTW
Governor BPA GWTW
WSCC Type W Hydro Governor System
And Hydro Turbine (Type W) Model
P 0
P MAX/100
KΔω
1+
sT2
(1 + sT )(1 + sT )
1 3
−
+
Σ
P GV
1−
sTW
1+
0.5sT
W
1
P M
2 3
P MIN/100
States
1 - P mech
2 - y0
3 - y1
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Governor CCBT1
Governor CCBT1
Steam Plant Boiler/Turbine and Governor Model
K
MIN4
−
P mech
K
MIN3
−
1
1+ sTF
P4
+
6
5
P3
K
+
s
Σ
Σ
Σ
I 4
K
+
s
Σ
+
7
+
MAX4
MAX3
I 3
1
1+ sTW
+
Σ
MAX7
K
+
P7
8 9
Σ sT D
+
Σ
−
+
−
Σ Bias
sKD7
+ +
+
+
14
1
MIN5
sT
K
D7
MIN7
P5
4
K
+
s
1.0 −
1.0
K
+
1 r Σ L ref
+
-dbd
−
K B
+dbd Σ Speed
Model supported by PSLF
Proportional-integral blocks 1-6 also have rate limits not shown in the block diagram
1
MAX2
I 5
K
P2
MAX5
Press ref
K
+
s
MIN2
10
I 2
−
Σ
−
MIN1
MAX1
K
K P
+
K
1+ sT
12
P1
Σ
PLM
PLM
K
+
s
I1
π
−
P
π
lmref
-1
π
•Press
T = 50
3
PLM
0
MAX6
11
ref
P6
V MIN
K
K
+
s
2
1
1+ sTG
PGOV
+
−
+
+
I 6
K
+
s
Σ
ω
ref
MIN6
1−
ah
IGOV
ah
V MAX
15
−
−
−
Σ
−
+
rvalve
Σ
−
Σ
+
Valve Bias
1
sT RH
P gen
+
1
1+ sTPelec
rpelec
13
Speed
1
Σ
+
P mech

Governor CRCMGV
Governor CRCMGV
Cross Compound Turbine-Governor Model
Reference
Speed
(HP)
( HP)
1/ R 1
−
1+ sT
Σ
1( HP)
+
0
High-Pressure Unit
P MAX(HP)
1+
sF
( HP) 5( HP)
+
Σ
−
2 3 4
D E −
( 1+ sT3( HP) )( 1+ sT4( HP) )( 1+
sT5( HP)
)
T
( )( ) 2
H ( HP)
T HP
P mech(HP)
Reference
Speed (LP)
−
States
1 - HPInput
2 - HPState1
3 - HPState2
4 - HPState3
5 - LPInput
6 - LPState1
7 - LPState2
+
Σ
1/ R
8 - LPState3
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
1
( LP)
−
+ sT
Σ
1( LP)
P MAX(LP)
1+
sF
+ ( LP) 5( LP)
( 1+ sT3( LP) )( 1+ sT4( LP) )( 1+
sT5( LP)
)
0
Low-Pressure Unit
5
T
6 7 8
( −D )( ) 2
H ( LP)
ET − HP
+
Σ
−
P mech(LP)

Governor DEGOV
Governor DEGOV
Woodward Diesel Governor Model
T MAX
1+Speed
Δω
Speed
( 1 sT )
− +
1+ sT +
3
2
1
s T2T1
Electric Control Box
1 2
K ( 1+
sT4
)
( 1+ )( 1+
)
s sT sT
T MIN
5 6
Actuator
sT
e − D
Engine
π
Pmech
3 4 5
States
1 - Control box 1
2 - Control box 2
3 - Actuator 1
4 - Actuator 2
5 - Actuator 3
Model supported by PSSE

Governor DEGOV1
Governor DEGOV1
Woodward Diesel Governor Model
P ref
T MAX
1+Speed
Δω
Speed
−
+
Σ
−
( 1 sT )
− +
1+ sT +
3
2
1
s T2T1
Electric Control Box
1 2
DROOP
K ( 1+
sT4
)
( 1+ )( 1+
)
s sT sT
T MIN
5 6
Actuator
3 4 5
0
1
sT
e − D
Engine
6
1
1+ sTE
π
Droop Control
Pmech
SBASE
MBASE
P elec
States
1 - Control box 1
2 - Control box 2
3 - Actuator 1
4 - Actuator 2
5 - Actuator 3
6 - Droop Input
Model supported by PSSE

Governor G2WSCC
Governor G2WSCC
Double Derivative Hydro Governor and Turbine
Represents WECC G2 Governor Plus Turbine Model
P ref
Δω
(Speed)
db 1
eps
1
1+ sTD
2 sK1
3
+ sT
1
F
+
+
Σ
+
−
+
Σ
−
KI
s
6
2
sK2
2
+ sTF
(1 )
4 5
R
(T
T
=0)
7
1
1+ sTT
P elec
States
+
Σ
−
KG
1+ sT
VEL CLOSE
VEL OPEN
P
P MAX
8
1 9
s
P MIN
Model supported by PSLF
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of
N GV
block
db 2
GV 1+
sA
1+
sB
N GV
P GV
turb
turb
T
T
turb
turb
1
P mech
1 - P
2 - T
3 - K
mech
D
1
4 - K first
2
5 - K second
2
6 - Integrator
7 - P Sensed
elec
8 - Valve
9 - Gate

Governor GAST_GE
Governor GAST_GE
Gas Turbine-Governor Model
if (D >L ) R =L
5
−
V INC LIM TRAT
else R
LIM
=R D
Σ
MAX V
1
1+ sTLTR
+
V MAX
P ( )
ref
K
A
1+
sT4
Σ
1+
sT
5
1
LV
GATE
+
Σ
−
R LIM
1
sT
1
2
+
Σ
−
1+
AsT
1+
BsT
2
2
3
P GV
G V
dbb
P mech
1
R
V MIN
F IDLE
eps
F IDLE
+ −
Σ K T Σ +
+
−
4
1
1+
sT
3
db 0
Δω
(Speed)
L MAX
Model supported by PSLF
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block
GV
States
1 - Input LL
2 - Integrator
3 - Governor LL
4 - Load Limit
5 - Temperature

Governor GAST_PTI
Governor GAST_PTI
Gas Turbine-Governor Model
Speed
D turb
1
R
V MAX
Load ref
+
−
Σ
LV
Gate
1
1 sT
1
+
1
1+
sT2
1
2
+
Σ
−
P mech
V MIN
Σ
+
+ −
K T
Σ
+
3
1
1+
sT
3
States
1 - Fuel Valve
2 - Fuel Flow
3 - Exhaust Temperature
Model supported by PSSE
A
T
(Load Limit)

Governor GAST2A
States
1 - Speed Governor
2 - Valve Positioner
3 - Fuel System
4 - Radiation Shield
5 - Thermocouple
6 - Temp Control
7 - Turbine Dynamics
Reference
+
Σ
−
( + 1)
W sX
MIN
Temperature
Control*
sY + Z
MAX
1
Speed
Governor
1+
sT
sτ
T
Low
Value
Select
Speed
Control
Governor GAST2A
Gas Turbine-Governor Model
MAX
5
6
T C
Thermocouple
+
1
Σ −
1+
sT
K 3
4
Fuel
Control
e −sT
K
Radiation
Shield
Δω P mech T RATE
π
MBASE
+
1.0 +
Σ
π
5
4
5
4
+
1 sT
f
+
1
3
+
K
K 6
+
Σ
−
Turbine
Valve
Positioner
A
C + sB
Turbine
f 2
w f1
Fuel
2 System 3
K F
1
1+ sτ
F
7
w f2
Turbine
Exhaust
e −sE TD
Wf
Fuel
Flow
e −sE CR
Gas Turbine
Dynamics
1
1+ sTCD
Model supported by PSSE
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
f =T -A ⎛
1.0-w ⎞
-B ( Speed )
1 R f1 ⎜ ⎟
f ( f2 ) ( )
⎝ f1 ⎠ f1
2
=Af2 -Bf2 w -Cf2
Speed

Governor GASTWD
SBASE
T RATE
K
1+ sT
1
P elec
P e
DROOP
D
MAX
Temperature
Control*
Governor GASTWD
Woodward Gas Turbine-Governor Model
sT
sτ
MAX
5
+ 1
T
Σ −
+ 5
Thermocouple
1
1+
sT
6
T
C
Setpoint for
Temperature Control
4
4
K
Radiation
Shield
K
Turbine
5
4
+
1 sT
f
+
1
3
w f1
Turbine
Exhaust
e −sE TD
Speed
Reference
States
+
Σ
−
−
1 - Power Transducer
2 - Valve Positioner
3 - Fuel System
4 - Radiation Shield
5 - Thermocouple
MIN
Model supported by PSSE
K P
K I
s
sK D
+
+
Σ
8 9
+
Low
Value
Select
Speed
Control
K 3
Fuel
Control
e −sT
Δω P mech T RATE
π
MBASE
+
1.0 +
Σ
π
+
K 6
+
Σ
−
Valve
Positioner
A
C + sB
Turbine
f 2
Fuel
2 System 3
K F
1
1+ sτ
F
f =T -A ( 1.0-w )-B ( Speed)
f =A -B
1 R f1 f1 f1
( w )-C ( Speed)
2 f2 f2 f2 f2
w f2
W f
Fuel
Flow
e −sE CR
1
1+ sTCD
Gas Turbine
Dynamics
6 - Temp Control
7 - Turbine Dynamics
8 - PID 1
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
9 - PID 2
7

Governor GGOV1
Governor GGOV1 – GE General Governor-Turbine Model
Ldref
( L / K ) w
dref turb fnl
+ +
Σ
−
6
1
1+ sTFload
If D m > 0, (Speed) D If D
**D m
m
m < 0, (Speed+1)
−
Pmech
10
1+
sT
1+
sT
SA
SB
π
Σ
+
5
P ref
+
8
-1.1r
P mwset
Σ
Speed
+
K IMW
s
+ Σ −
1.1r
+
1
Σ
r
−
−
s
+ sT
1
A
−
maxerr
-db
db
minerr
−2
aset
−1
Rselect
UP DOWN CLOSE OPEN
9
+
Σ
K Pload
K
K Iload
s
A
K Pgov
K Igov
s
sK
Dgov
1+ sT
∆t
Dgov
+
3
2
7
+
+
Σ
+
+
+
Σ
Σ
+
1.0
Timestep
governor output
valve stroke
Low
Value
Select
1
1+ sTACT
V MIN
V MAX
4
π
0 1
1+
sT
1+
sT
+
Flag
1.0 (Speed+1)
1
1 - P
elec
Measured 5 - Turbine LL
P elec 1
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter
1+ sTPelec
3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control
Model supported by PSLF
4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control
Model supported by PSSE does not include non-windup limits on K
IMW
block
9 - Accel Control
R , R , R , and R inputs not implemented in Simulator
10 - Temp Detection LL
States
V MAX
V MIN
C
B
sT eng
e − turb
K
Σ
−
w fnl

Governor GGOV2
Governor GGOV2 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
P ref
+
-1.1r
8
P mwset
Σ
Ldref
+
Speed
K imw
s
s7
+ Σ −
P ELEC
1.1r
+
1
( L / K ) + w
+
Σ
r
−
−
1
1+ sTPelec
dref turb fnl
s
+ sT
1
a
−2
aset
s8
−1
Rselect
s0
−
maxerr
-db
db
minerr
Model supported by PSLF
1
9
+
Σ
Ka
K pgov
K igov
s
sK
dgov
1+ sT
K pload
K iload
s
dgov
∆t
+
s23
s1 2
7
+
Σ
+
Σ
−
1.0
s6
Timestep
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
6
1
1+ sTfload
fsrt
fsra
Low
Value
Select
fsrn
If D m > 0, (Speed) D m
If D
**D m
−
m < 0, (Speed+1)
Σ
10 1+
sTsa
π
+
1+
sTsb
5
1+
sT
Speed
c
1+
sTb
Frequencydependent
limit
sT
e − eng
ropen
vmax
V MAX
Kturb
4
1
π
+
1+ sT
Σ
act
−
s3 Flag
vmin
rclose
w
0 fnl
1
1.0 (Speed+1)
s5
s9
V MIN
governor output
valve stroke
States
PMECH
1 - P
elec
Measured 5 - Turbine LL
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter
3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control
4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control
9 - Accel Control
s4
10 - Temp Detection LL

Governor GGOV3
P ref
+
8
-1.1r
P mwset
Σ
Ldref
+
K imw
s
Percieved
Speed
+ Σ −
1.1r
+
1
Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
( L / K ) + w
+
Σ
R
−
−
dref turb fnl
s
+ sT
1
a
−2
aset
−1
Rselect
−
9
Maxerr
-db
db
Minerr
+
Σ
UP DOWN CLOSE OPEN
Ka
K pgov
K igov
s
sK
dgov
1+ sT
States
K pload
K iload
s
dgov
∆t
+
+
Σ
+
Σ
Σ
+
−
1.0
1
1+ sTfload
Low
Value
1+
sT
1+
sT
+
Select
3
1 4
+ Σ
1+ sTact
+
2
7
Timestep
6
governor output
valve stroke
10
V MIN
If D
If D
V MAX
m >
m <
0, (Speed)
0, (Speed+1)
sa
sb
V MIN
V MAX
**D m
π
Dm
π
0 1
+
Flag
−
5
1.0 (Speed+1)
+
1+
sTc
1+
sT
11
e − Σ
b
sT eng
K turb
1+
sT
1+
sT
Σ
−
PMECH
1
1 - P
elec
Measured 5 - Turbine LL 9 - Accel Control
P ELEC 1
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 10 - Temp Detection LL
1+ sTPelec
3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control 11 - Fuel System Lead Lag
Model supported by PSLF 4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control
dnrate, R , R , R , and R inputs not implemented in Simulator
cd
bd
w fnl

Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
slope = 1
dnhi
Measured
Speed
ffa
ffb
slope = ffc
Filtered
Speed
dnlo
Percieved
Speed
Nonlinear Speed Filter
Model supported by PSLF
Rate limit dnrate not used in Simulator

Governor GPWSCC
Governor GPWSCC
PID Governor-Turbine Model
P ref
K P
Δω
(Speed)
db 1
err
−
+
Σ
−
1
1+ sTD
2
K 1
s
3
+
+
Σ
+
CV
T
t
=
0
sKD
1+ sT
f
4
R
( T
t
> 0)
5
1
1+ sTt
P elec
VEL OPEN
P MAX
Σ
+ −
KG
1+ sT
P
6
1 7
s db2
GV 1+
sA
1+
sB
N GV
P GV
turb
turb
T
T
turb
turb
1
P mech
VEL CLOSE
P MIN
Model supported by PSLF
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of
N GV
block
States
1 - P 5 - P Sensed
mech
D
elec
2 - T 6 - Valve
3 - Integrator 7 - Gate
4 - Derivative

Governor HYG3
Governor HYG3
PID Governor, Double Derivative Governor, and Turbine
Δω = (speed-1)pu
Δω
Δω
db 1
db 1
−
R elec
P ref
+
Σ
−
7
−
1
1+ sTD
R gate
1
1+ sTD
1
1+ sTt
1
1
P elec
sK1
+ sT
1
f
2
sK2
2
( 1+ sTf
)
K 2
K I
s
sK1
+ sT
1
f
2
+
+
8
9
+
3
Σ
2
−
+
−
R gate
+
+
Σ
P ref
Σ
−
+
R elec
K I
s
7
3
1
1+ sTt
cflag>0
cflag

Governor HYGOV
Governor HYGOV
Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Δω
db 1
1+
sT
1+
sT
n
np
P ref
−
+
R
−
1
1+ sTf
G MAX
1 1+ sT 2 1 3
r
rT s
1+ sTg
G MIN
rate limit - V elm
r
db 2
Δω
D turb
P GV
N GV
g
GV
P GV
GV
H − 1 4
+
Σ sT
+
W
−
Hdam=1
qNL
÷ π
Σ π
q/P GV
Model supported by PSSE and PSLF
Rperm shown as R, Rtemp shown as r
GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV
block
Ttur, Tn, Tnp, db1, Eps, db2, Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator
At
+
π
−
Σ
P mech
States
1 - Filter Output
2 - Desired Gate
3 - Gate
4 - Turbine Flow

Governor HYGOV2
Governor HYGOV2
Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
P ref
Δω
Speed
K
I
+ sK
s
P
+
1
−
⎛1+
sT ⎞ 2 1+
sT 3
1
2
Σ K −
A ⎜ ⎟
⎝ sT
1+
sT
3 ⎠
4
−
V GMAX
1
s
5
G MAX
-V GMAX
G MIN
4
sR
R
1
temp
T
+ sT
R
R
P mech
P MAX
6
1−
sT
1+
sT
5
6
The G G limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator.
MAX
MIN
Model supported by PSSE
States
1 - Filter Output
2 - Governor
3 - Governor Speed
4 - Droop
5 - Gate
6 - Penstock

Governor HYGOV4
Governor HYGOV4
Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Pref
PMAX
Δω
db 1
−
+
Σ
−
1
1+ sTp
1
1
T g
U C
U O
1
s
2
db 2
GV
Σ
+
+
R perm
3
P MIN
sT R
r
temp
1+T s
r
π
D turb
P GV
N GV
GV
PGV
Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator
GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV
block
Model supported by PSLF
q
H − 1 4 +
Σ sT
+
W
−
Hdam
qNL
÷ π
Σ π
q/P
GV
A t
+
−
Σ
P mech
States
1 - Velocity
2 - Gate
3 - Rtemp
4 - T
W

Governor HYST1
Governor HYST1
Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor,
Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel
R
perm
1+ sT
reg
Σ +
−
P gen
P ref
Δω
−
+
Σ
1
K
p
Ki
+
s
2
1
1+ sTa
4
+
Σ
+
1
1+ sTa
5
sKd
1+ sT
a
3
G MAX
1
1+ sTb
G MIN
6
P GV
GV
Gs ()
7
8
9
+
Σ
−
P mech
D turb
Not yet implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSLF

Governor IEEEG1
Governor IEEEG1
IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
Δω
SPEED
HP
db 1
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
PMECH HP
P M1
K(1 + sT )
1
2
−
P ref
+
Σ
2
+ sT
T
1
3
−
1
U C
U O
P MIN
1
s
P MAX
1
db 2
P GV
GV
1
1+
sT
4
K 1
1
1+
sT
5
K 3
3 4 5
1
1+
sT
6
K 5
1
1+
sT
7
K 7
K2
K4
K6
K8
6
States
1 - Governor Output
2 - Lead-Lag
3 - Turbine Bowl
4 - Reheater
5 - Crossover
6 - Double Reheat
Model supported by PSLF includes hysteresis that is read but not implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSSE does not include hysteresis and nonlinear gain
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block
GV
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
PMECH LP
P M2

Governor IEEEG2
Governor IEEEG2
IEEE Type 2 Speed-Governor Model
P ref
Δω
Speed
K(1 + sT2
)
(1 + sT )(1 + sT )
1 3
P MAX
+
2 − 1−
sT4
1
Σ
3
1+
0.5sT4
P mech
P MIN
States
1 - P mech
2 - First Integrator
3 - Second Integrator
Model supported by PSSE

Governor IEEEG3_GE
Governor IEEEG3_GE
IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
P REF
P MAX
Δω
Speed
db 1
−
+
Σ
Σ
−
+
+
1
1+ sTP
2
R PERM
1
T G
U C
U O
P MIN
1
s
3
db 2
GV
P GV
GV
PGV
( 1+
)
K A sT
TURB TURB W
1+
B
TURB
sT
W
P mech
1
4
RTEMPsT
1+ sT
R
R
States
PSLF model includes db1, db2, and Eps read but not implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSLF
1 - P mech
2 - Servomotor position
3 - Gate position
4 - Transient droop

Governor IEEEG3_PTI
Governor_IEEEG3_PTI
IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
P REF
U O
P MAX
Δω
Speed
−
+
Σ
−
1
T (1 + sT )
G
P
2
1
s
3
⎡
⎛
13 21
a23 ⎢1
+ ⎜a11
− ⎟sTW
a23
⎣
⎝
1+
a sT
11
a a
W
⎞
⎠
⎤
⎥
⎦
1
P mech
U C
P MIN
Σ
+
+
R PERM
4
RTEMPsT
1+ sT
R
R
States
Model supported by PSSE
1 - P mech
2 - Servomotor position
3 - Gate position
4 - Transient droop

Governor IEESGO
Governor IEESGO
IEEE Standard Model IEEESGO
P O
Speed
K1(1 + sT2)
(1 + sT )(1 + sT )
1 3
1
2
−
+
Σ
P MAX
P MIN
1
1+
sT
4
3
1−
K 2
+
Σ
+ +
P mech
1−
K 2
K2
1+ sT
5
K3
1+ sT
4 6 5
Model supported by PSSE
States
1 - First Integrator
2 - Second Integrator
3 - Turbine T4
4 - Turbine T5
5 - Turbine T6

Governor PIDGOV
Governor PIDGOV - Hydro Turbine and Governor Model PIDGOV
Σ +
−
1
P REF
Δω
Speed
−
R
perm
1+ sT
+
Σ
reg
2
K
p
Ki
+
s
0
3
sKd
1+ sT
a
Feedback signal
SBASE
MBASE
1
1+ sTa
5
4
P elec
+
Σ
+
1
1+ sTa
6
States
1 - Mechanical Output
2 - Measured Delta P
3 - PI
4 - Reg1
5 - Derivative
6 - Reg2
7 - Gate
+
Σ
−
1
T b
Vel MIN
Vel MAX
G MAX
1
s
G MIN
Power
1
2
3
Gate
1−
sTZ
1+
sT 2
7 mech
Z
1
T
Z
= ( A
tw )*Tw
+
Σ
−
P
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE
D turb
(G0,0), (G1,P1), (G2,P2), (1,P3) are x,y coordinates of Power vs. Gate function

Governor TGOV1
Governor TGOV1
Steam Turbine-Governor Model TGOV1
V MAX
PREF
+
Σ
−
1
R
1
1+
sT
1
1+
sT
1+
sT
2 1
2
3
+
Σ
−
Pmech
V MIN
Δω
Speed
D t
States
1 - Turbine Power
2 - Valve Position
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE

Governor TGOV2
Governor TGOV2
Steam Turbine-Governor with Fast Valving Model TGOV2
V MAX
K
Reference
+
1
1
Σ
R 1+
sT1
1+
sT3
1+ sTt
−
1
1−
K
2
v
3
4
+
+
Σ
−
PMECH
V MIN
Δω
Speed
D t
T :
I
Time to initiate fast valving.
T
A: Intercept valve, v, fully closed T
A
seconds after fast valving initiation.
T
B: Intercept valve starts to reopen T
B
seconds after fast valving initiation.
T
C: Intercept valve again fully open T
C
seconds after fast valving initiation.
Intercept Valve Position
1.
0.
T C
T B
T A
( )
T T T
I I A
( ) ( )
+ T T
I
+ T + T
B I C
Time, seconds
States
1 - Throttle
2 - Reheat Pressure
3 - Reheat Power
4 - Intercept Valve
Model supported by PSSE

Governor TGOV3
Governor TGOV3
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor with Fast Valving Model
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
P MECH
+
Δω
Speed
K(1 + sT )
1
1
−
P REF
+
Σ
2
+ sT1
T3
−
1
U C
U O
1
s
2
P MIN
P MAX
1
1+
sT
4
K
P RMAX
1
K2
3
+
Σ
−
1
sT
5
4
v
6
Flow
0.8
0 0.3
Intercept Valve
Position
1
1+
sT
6
K 3
5
T :
I
Time to initiate fast valving.
T
A: Intercept valve, v, fully closed T
A
seconds after fast valving initiation.
T
B: Intercept valve starts to reopen T
B
seconds after fast valving initiation.
T
C: Intercept valve again fully open T
C
seconds after fast valving initiation.
Intercept Valve Position
1.
0.
T C
T B
T A
( )
T T T
I I A
( ) ( )
+ T T
I
+ T + T
B I C
Time, seconds
States
1 - LL
2 - StateT3
3 - StateT4
4 - StateT5
5 - StateT6
6 - Intercept Valve
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE
Gv1,Pgv1 ... Gv6, Pgv6 are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Intercept Valve Position function

Governor TGOV5
Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls
+
Σ
+
Σ
+
+
+
PMECH HP
Σ
+
P M 1
SPEED ω
K 13
Σ
C 3
K(1 + sT )
−
−
1
U O
V MAX
2
∆ 1+ sT
1+
sT
1
T3
s
4
+
HP ∆f P
U C
O
V MIN
+
MW
Demand
+
+
Σ
KMW
B
P ELEC 1+ sTMW
−
−
+
Σ Desired Σ + Σ
MW
−
−
C2
+ Σ π
+
P E
(Pressure Error)
PSP
Model supported by PSSE
P O
K 12
π
Desired
MW
1
K 11
K 14
−DPE
R MIN
K L
DPE
Dead Band
+
π
Σ
+ +
R MAX
1
L MIN
L MAX
1
s
P O
Fuel Dynamics
m s
K 1
1
1+
sT
5
K 3
1
1+
sT
6
K 5
1
1+
sT
K2
K4
K6
K8
C MAX
+
( 1+ )( 1+
)
s ( 1+
sT )
K sT sT
I I R
R1
C MIN
P T
+
Σ
+
P SP
P E
Σ
K 10
+
Σ −
−
+
1
sC B
P T
+
Σ
Σ
P D
−
+
m s
π
π
K 9
7
+
K 7
+
Σ
P M 2
PMECH LP
C 1
− +
Σ
m s

Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls
States:
1 – Governor Output
2 – Speed Lead-Lag
3 – Turbine Bowl
4 – Reheater
5 – Crossover
6 – Double Reheat
7 – P ELEC
8 – P O
9 – FuelDyn1
10 – FuelDyn2
11 – Controller1
12 – Controller2
13 – P D
14 – Delay1
15 – Delay2
16 – Delay3
17 – Delay4
Model supported by PSSE

Governor URGS3T
Governor URGS3T
WECC Gas Turbine Model
If (D >L ), then R = L
e lse, R = R
V INC LIM TRAT
LIM
MAX
D V
−
Σ
+
5
1
1+ sTLTR
States
1 - Input LL
2 - Integrator
3 - Governor LL
4 - Load Limit
5 - Temperature
P
ref
+
Σ
−
db 1
err
Ka
(1 + sT4
)
1+
sT
5
1
LV
GATE
−
+
Σ
V MAX
R LIM
V MIN
1
sT
1
+
2
Σ
−
F IDLE
1+
AsT
1+
BsT
2
2
3
P GV
GV
db 2
+
Σ
−
P mech
1
R
F IDLE
Σ
+ −
+
K T
Σ
−
4
+
1
1+
sT
3
L MAX
Speed
D turb
Model supported by PSSE
GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of P vs. GV block
GV

Governor WT12T1
Governor WT12T1
Two-Mass Turbine Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Generators
From
WT12A
Model
+
+
Σ
−
Σ
+
1
2Hs
t
1
ω base
D shaft
Σ
+
−
Σ
+
−
K shaft
s
2
Damp
+
+
Σ
+
Tmech
Σ
−
−
T elec
1
2Hs
g
3
Speed
ω base
+
Σ
−
ω base
1
s
4 Rotor
angle
deviation
H
t
=H×H
H =H-H
g
t
tfrac
2H
t×H g×(2π×Freq1)
K
shaft
=
H×ω0
Model supported by PSSE
2
Initial rotor slip
States
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle

Governor W2301
Governor W2301
Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model
P ref
Speed
Ref
P elec
Speed
1
1+ sTp
1
−
+
Σ
Gamma
1+ 2Beta ⋅s
+
Σ
+
−
1+ 0.5Rho ⋅s
Beta ⋅s(1.05 −Alpha)
PI
Controller
2
Gmax
Valve Servo
1
1+ sTV
Gmin
3
+
Σ
−
gnl
1+
sKtT
1+
sT
turb
turb
Turbine
4
+
Σ
−
P mech
D
States
1 - PelecSensed
2 - PI
Gain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator.
Model supported by PSLF
3 - Valve
4 - Turbine

Governor WEHGOV
Governor WEHGOV
Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model
P ref
0
Feedback
signal
P elec
+
1
7
Σ
−
−
ERR
0
−
RpermPE
+ sT
1 PE
SBASE
MBASE
(*)
1
Speed deadband
sKD
1+ sT
Gmax+DICN
K I
s
K P
Gmin-DICN
RpermGate
D
(*) Out = 0 if ERR < (Speed deadband)
Out = ERR( I) − (Speed deadband) if ERR > (Speed deadband)
Out = ERR( I) + (Speed deadband) if ERR

Governor WESGOV
Governor WESGOV
Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model
K P
Δω
Speed
*
Reference
−
+
Σ
−
1
I
2
+
sT + Σ ( 1+ sT )( 1+
sT )
1
1 2
3
4
P mech
P elec
1
1+ sTpe
1
**
Droop
Digital Control***
*Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC.
**Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP.
***Maximum change is limited to A between sampling times.
lim
States
1 - PEMeas
2 - Control
3 - Valve
4 - PMech
Model supported by PSSE
A read but not implemented in Simulator
lim

Governor WNDTGE
Spdwl
Wind
Speed
(glimv)
WTG Ter
Bus Freq
Auxiliary
Signal
(psig)
P dbr
P elec
Blade
Pitch
θ
1
Wind
Power
Model
1
1+ sTp
P mech
ω rotor
PIMax & PIRat
θ cmd
PImin & -PIRat
+
Σ
Governor WNDTGE
Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
+
Rotor
Model
+
Pitch
Compensation
Wind
Power
Model
Σ
+
+
+
Σ
fbus
P avl
2
Anti-windup on
Pitch Limits
K + K / s
pp
ip
ω
ω
+
−
Σ
ω err
Over/Under
Speed Trip
ω ref
1
1+ s5
Anti-windup on
Power Limits
−
Trip
Signal
Kptrq
+ Kitrq
/ s
Pitch Control
Torque
Anti-windup on Pitch Limits Control
+
Kpc
+ Kic
/ s Σ
4
1
1+ sTpav
P avf
12
Frequency
Response
Curve
if (fbus < fb OR
fbus > fc)
7
9
8
10
Active Power
Control
(optional)
p
set
To gewtg
Trip Signal
(glimit)
fflg
1
1
6
1
apcflg
0
P
min
p
stl
P max
− + +
2
0.67Pelec
1.42Pelec
0.51
3
Release
PMAX
if fflg set
ω
π
P setAPC
PWmax & PWrat
1
1+ sTpc
5
PWmin & -PWrat
plim
P ord
Power Response
Rate Limit
P elec
+ sTW
Σ perr
− 1+ sT
W
11
wsho
+ +
Σ
States
1 - Pitch
2 - Pitch Control
3 - Torque Control
4 - Pitch Compensation
5 - Power Control
6 - Speed Reference
7 - Mech Speed
8 - Mech Angle
9 - Elect Speed
10- ElectAngle
11- Washout
12- Active Power
P ord
Model supported by PSLF
Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented.
Simulator calculates initial windspeed Spdwl.

Governor WNDTGE
Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
Two - Mass Rotor Model
+
Σ
ω 0
+
ω rotor
Turbine Speed
T
mech
T
elec
=
ω
T mech
P
mech
T elec
+ +
+ ω
mech 0
−
−
−
Pelec
=
ω + ω
elec 0
Σ
Σ
1
2H
1
2H
g
D tg
1
s
1
s
7
ω 1 8
base
s
−
Σ
+
9 ω elec
ω
1 10
base
s
∆ω
ω mech
+
Σ
ω
Σ
+
K tg
T shaft
Generator Speed
ω + 0
Wind Power Model
ρ
( λθ)
3
P
mech
= Av C ,
2 r w p
λ = K ( ω/ v )
b
w
4 4
i j
C
p ( λθ , ) = ∑∑αθλ
ij
i= 0 j=
0
See charts for curve fit values
Model supported by PSLF

Governor WNDTRB
Governor WNDTRB
Wind Turbine Control Model
90
Rotor speed
ω +
r
Σ
−
KP
(1 + sT1
)
1+
sT
2
BPR MX
1
s
1
+ sT
1 2 3
cos
1
a
π
P mech
ω ref
-BPR MX
0
P wo
States
1 - Input
2 - Blade Angle (Deg)
Model supported by PSLF
3 - Blade Pitch Factor

Governor WPIDHY
Governor WPIDHY
Woodward PID Hydro Governor Model
States
1 - Mechanical Output
P ELEC
P REF
−
+
Σ
REG
+ sT
1
REG
sK D
Per Unit Output
(MBASE)
0
( G1, P1)
0 ( G ,0)
1.0
Gate Position (pu)
(1, P3
)
( G , P )
2 2
2 - Measured Delta P
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - PID3
6 - Velocity
7 - Gate
Δω
Speed
−
+
Σ
2
K P
+
Σ
+ ( ) 2
+
1
+ sT
1
A
3
4
5
1
1+ sTB
6
Vel MAX
Vel MIN
1
s
7
G MIN
G MAX
G P
1−
sTW
TW
1+
s
2
1
P MAX
P MIN
K i
s
D
−
+
Σ
P MECH
Model supported by PSSE

Governor WSHYDD
Governor WSHYDD
WECC Double-Derivative Hydro Governor Model
P ref
Δω
(Speed)
db 1
err
1
1+ sTD
2 sK1
3
+ sT
1
F
2
sK2
2
1
F
( + sT )
4 5
+
Σ
+
+
−
+
Σ
−
K I
s
R
6
T
T
=
0
7
( T
T
> 0)
1
1+ sTT
P elec
VEL OPEN
P MAX
+
Σ
−
KG
1+ sT
P
8
1
s
9
db 2
GV GV 1+
sA
1+
sB
N GV
P
turb
turb
T
T
turb
turb
T rate
MVA
Pmech
1
VEL P MIN
CLOSE
Model supported by PSSE
Inputs GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of
N GV
block
States
1 - P 6 - Integrator
mech
2 - T 7 - P Sensed
D
1
2
2
elec
3 - K 8 - Valve
4 - K first 9 - Gate
5 - K second

Governor WSHYGP
Governor WSHYGP
WECC GP Hydro Governor Plus Model
K P
P ref
Δω
(Speed)
db 1
err
−
+
Σ
−
1
1+ sTD
2
K I
s
3
+
+
Σ
+
CV
T
t
=
0
sKD
1+ sT
f
4
R
5
( T
t
> 0)
1
1+ sTt
P elec
VEL OPEN
P MAX
+
Σ
−
KG
1+ sT
P
6
1 7
s db2
GV 1+
sA
1+
sB
N GV
P GV
turb
turb
T
T
turb
turb
1
T rate
MVA
P mech
VEL P MIN
CLOSE
Model supported by PSSE
GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of
N GV
block
States
1 - P 5 - P Sensed
mech
D
elec
2 - T 6 - Valve
3 - Integrator 7 - Gate
4 - Derivative

Governor WSIEG1
Governor WSIEG1
WECC Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
GV 0
P MAX
Δω
db 1
err
K
1+
sT2
1+
sT
1
1
+
CV − Σ
−
1
T
3
U C
U O
P MIN
1
s
2
db 2
GV
N GV
PGV
1
1+
sT
4
K 1
3
1
4
1+
sT
5
+
Σ
K 3
+
1
1+
sT
6
Σ
K 5
1
1+
sT
K2
K4
K6
K8
+
5
+
7
+
Σ
+
K 7
6
PMECH HP
P M1
States
1 - Lead-lag
2 - Governor Output
3 - Turbine 1
4 - Turbine 2
5 - Turbine 3
6 - Turbine 4
Iblock = 1 : if P =0, P =Pinitial
MIN
MIN
Iblock = 2 : if P =0, P =Pinitial
MAX
MAX
Iblock = 3 : if P
MIN
=0, P
MIN
=Pinitial
: if P =0, P =Pinitial
MAX
MAX
+
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
PMECH LP
P M2
GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of
Model supported by PSSE
N GV
block

Governor WT1T
Governor WT1T
Wind Turbine Model for Type-1 Wind Turbines
P gen
From
Generator
Model
From
Governor
Model
P mech
−
+ T 1
Σ ÷
acc
2H
−
1
s
1
ω
To
Generator
Model and
Governor
Model
Damp
Type 1 WTG Turbine One - mass Model
From
Governor
Model
From
Generator
Model
P mech
P gen
ω t
÷
÷
ω g
T mech
T elec
Model supported by PSLF
+
+
−
+
Σ
Σ
−
−
1
2H
t
D shaft
1
2H
g
1
s
∆ω tg
1
s
1
Σ
3
ω 0
∆ω t
+
−
∆ω g
∆ω tg
ω 0
Type 1 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model
Σ
Σ
1
s
ω t
2
ω g
K
1
s
4
H
t
=H×H
H =H-H
g
K =
t
t
tfrac
2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)
g
H
States
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle
2

Governor WT3T
Governor WT3T
Wind Turbine Model for Type-3 (Doubly-fed) Wind Turbines
Blade
Pitch
θ
From
Pitch Control
Model
Simplified
Aerodynamic Model
+
+
Σ π K aero
−
θ 0
−
Σ
P mo
+
P mech
From
Generator
Model
P gen
−
+ T 1
Σ ÷
acc
2H
−
1
s
1
ω
To Pitch
Control Model
and Converter
Control Model
Damp
Type 3 WTG Turbine One - mass Model
Theta2⎛
1 ⎞
When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to θ = ⎜1−
2 ⎟
0.75 ⎝ VW
⎠
P mech
P gen
ω t
÷
÷
ω g
T mech
T elec
Model supported by PSLF
+
+
−
+
Σ
Σ
−
−
1
2H
t
D shaft
1
2H
g
1
s
∆ω tg
1
s
1
Σ
3
ω 0
∆ω t
+
−
∆ω g
∆ω tg
ω 0
Type 3 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model
Σ
Σ
1
s
ω t
2
ω g
K
1
s
4
States
H
t
=H×Htfrac
H
g=H-H
t
2H
t×H g×(2π×Freq1)
K =
H
1 - TurbineSpeed
2 - ShaftAngle
3 - GenSpeed
4 - GenDeltaAngle
2

Governor WT3T1
Governor WT3T1
Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Blade
Pitch
From θ
WT3P1 Model
+ −
Σ
π
+
K aero
−
Σ
+
P
aero
initial
Initial
Pitch
Angle
θ 0
1
1+
State 1
+
+
Σ
−
T mech
Σ
+
D shaft
1
2Hs
t
Damp
1
∆ω tg
∆ω t
+ +
−
Σ
ω base
−
Σ
K shaft
s
2
H
t
=H×H
H =H-H
g
K =
shaft
t
tfrac
2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)
t
g
H×ω
0
+
Σ
+
2
+
T mech
Σ
T elec
−
−
1
2Hs
g
3
∆ω g
+
ω 0
Σ
ω base
ω g
ω base
−
Initial rotor slip
1
s
4
Rotor
Angle
Deviation
Model supported by PSSE

Governor BBGOV1
European Governor Model BBGOV1
PELEC
SWITCH = 0
SWITCH ≠ 0
1
1+
sT
1
P O
∆ω
Speed
f cut
f cut
K S
−
+
Σ
−
−K LS
K LS
+
−
⎛ 1 ⎞ sKD
Σ KP
⎜ ⎟
⎝1+
sT 1+ sT
N ⎠
+
D
P MAX
P MIN
1
s
K
K
G
LS
1
1+
sT
4
1−
K 2
+
Σ PMECH
+ +
1−
K 3
1
2 3 4 5 6
K2
1+ sT
5
K3
1+ sT
6

Governor IVOGO
IVO Governor Model IVOGO
REF
MAX 1
MAX 3
SPEED
−
+
Σ
( + )
K A sT
1 1 1
A
+ sT
2 2
( + )
K A sT
3 3 3
A
+ sT
4 4
( + )
K A sT
5 5 5
A
+ sT
6 6
MAX 5
P MECH
MIN 5
MIN 1
MIN 3
1
2 3 4 5 6

Governor TURCZT
Czech Hydro and Steam Governor Model TURCZT
Frequency Bias
BSFREQ
PELEC
+
Σ
−
dF REF
SBASE
MBASE
f MIN
f MAX
f DEAD
1
1+ sTC
K KOR
N TREF
K M
+
−
Σ
−
Power Regulator
K P
N TMAX
1
sT I
+
Σ
+
Frequency Bias
Hydro Converter
1
1+ sTEHP
+
Σ
−
Y
REG
Measuring Transducer
N TMIN
s DEAD
K STAT
Governor
Y REG
+
Σ
1
−
V MIN
2 3 4 5 6
Regulation Valves
V MAX
1
T U
G MIN
G MAX
1
s
SWITCH =1
SWITCH = 0
HP Part
1
1+ sTHP
Reheater
1
1+ sTR
1
1 2 + sT H
K HP
1− KHP
2
3
Steam Unit
−
+
Σ
+
Σ
+
1
K M
1
K M
Hydro Unit
PMECH
PMECH
Turbine

Governor URCSCT
Combined Cycle on Single Shaft Model URCSCT
Plant
Output
( MW )
( STOUT C, POUT C)
(Steam Turbine Rating,
Steam & Gas Turbine Rating)
( STOUT B, POUT B)
( STOUT A, POUT A)
Steam Turbine Output (MW)
1
2 3 4 5 6

Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
H SCH
( V )
SCHARE
H LAKE
( V )
TUNNEL
TUNL / A, TUNLOS
Q TUN
Q SCH
H BSCH
SURGE
CHAMBER
SCHLOS
PENSTOCK
PENL / A, PENLOS
Q PEN
TURBINE
H TAIL
( V )
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter Model

Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
2
Q PEN
π
INPUT
Gate +
Relief Valve
π
A t
O 2
÷
H BSCH
2
QPEN
At
2
O
PENLOS
Σ
+
Σ
+ − +
+
Σ
−
gv
s PENL A
OUTPUT
+
Σ
+
H LAKE
+
H BSCH
−
Σ −
H TAIL
2
Q TUN
Q PEN
2
Q
SCH
SCHLOS
π
H SCH
gv
sTUNL A
Σ
Q SCH
−
+
Q TUN
gv
sTUNL A
TUNLOS
π
Q PEN
LEGEND :
gv Gravitational acceleration
TUNL/A Summation of length/cross section of tunnel
SCHARE Surge chamber cross section
PENLOS Penstock head loss coeficient
FSCH Surge chamber orifice head loss coeficient
PENL/A Summation of length/cross section of penstock,
s croll case and draft tube
A t
O
HSCH
QPEN
QTUN
QSCH
1 2 3 4 5 6
Turbine flow gain
Gate + relief valve opening
Water level in surge chamber
Penstock flow
Tunnel flow
Surge chamber flow
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter Model

Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
Jet Deflector
MXJDOR
+
Σ
−
1
T g
MXJDCR
1
s
Deflector
Position
Speed
Reference
+
Speed
R
−
Σ
−
Governor
1
1+ sTf
G MIN
G MAX
1+
sTr
rsT
0.01
r
+
Σ
+
+
Σ
−
1
T g
Gate Servo
MXGTOR or
MXBGOR
MXGTCR or
MXBGCR
1
s
Gate
Opening
LEGEND :
R Permanent droop
r Temporary droop
T
r
Governor time constant
T
f
Filter time constant
T
g
Servo time constant
MXGTOR Maximum gate opening rate
MXGTCR Maximum gate closing rate
MXBGOR Maximum buffered gate opening rate
1
2 3 4 5 6
RVLVCR +
−
Σ
Relief Valve
RVLMAX
0
1
s
Relief Valve
Opening
MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing opening
GMAX Maximum gate limit
GMIN Minimum gate limit
RVLVCR Relief valve closing rate
RVLMAX Maximum relief valve limit
MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rate
MXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate

Governor HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
H LAKE
( V )
H SCH
( V )
Q SCH
SCHARE
SURGE
CHAMBER
TUNNEL
SCHLOS
Q TUN
H BSCH
PENSTOCK
Q PEN
TURBINE
H TAIL
( V )
Tunnel Inlet
Constraint
Time
TUNNEL
( TUNLGTH, TUNSPD, TUNARE, TUNLOS)
Surge Chamber
Constraints
⎧
⎪
DELT * ICON( M 3)
Flows
Heads
VAR(L+46)
VAR(L+66)
+ ⎨
⎪⎩
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Model
TUNLGTH / ( ICON( M + 2) + 1)
Space
VAR(L+45+ ICON(M +2))= Q
VAR(L+65+ ICON(M +2))= H
TUN
BSCH

Governor HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
Surge Chamber
Q TUN
1
+ Σ
sSCHARE H +
Q SCH
SCH
Σ
+
H BSCH
Q PEN
π
2
Q
SCH
SCHLOS
Surge Chamber
Constraints
Time
PENSTOCK
( PENLGTH , PENSPD, PENARE, PENLOS)
Turbine
Constraint
⎧
⎪
DELT * ICON( M 1)
Flows
Heads
VAR(L+6)
= Q
VAR(L+26)
= H
PEN
BSCH
+ ⎨
⎪⎩
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Model
PENLGTH / ( ICON( M ) + 1)
VAR(L+55+ ICON(M))
VAR(L+25+ ICON(M))
Space

Governor HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
Jet Deflector
MXJDOR
+
Σ
−
1
T g
MXJDCR
1
s
Deflector
Position
Speed
Reference
+
Speed
R
−
Σ
−
Governor
1
1+ sTf
1
G MIN
G MAX
1+
sTr
rsT
2 3 4 5 6
0.01 +
Σ
r
+
+
Σ
−
1
T g
Gate Servo
MXGTOR or
MXBGOR
MXGTCR or
MXBGCR
RVLVCR +
LEGEND :
R Permanent droop
r Temporary droop
T
r
Governor time constant
T
f
Filter time constant
T
g
Servo time constant
MXGTOR Maximum gate opening rate
MXGTCR Maximum gate closing rate
MXBGOR Maximum buffered gate opening rate
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Model
−
Σ
1
s
RVLMAX
1
s
Gate
Opening
Relief Valve
Relief Valve Opening
0
MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing opening
GMAX Maximum gate limit
GMIN Minimum gate limit
RVLVCR Relief valve closing rate
RVLMAX Maximum relief valve limit
MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rate
MXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate

Governor TGOV4
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model with PLU and EVA Model TGOV4
Generator Power
sT
1+ sT
REVA
REVA
EVA > Rate
Level
Y
IV #1
−
Σ
+
EVA >
Unbalance
Level
Y
AND
OR
T IV1
T IV 2
IV #2
Reheat Pressure
CV #1
Generator Current
sT
1+ sT
RPLU
RPLU
PLU > Rate Timer
Level
Y
T CV1
T CV 2
CV #2
−
+
Σ
PLU >
Unbalance
Level
Y
AND
LATCH
T CV 3
T CV 4
CV #3
CV #4
N
1
2 3 4 5 6
PLU and EVA Logic Diagram

Governor TWDM1T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 1T
VELM OPEN
GATE MAX
N REF
Speed
+
+
Σ
−
Σ
+
1
1+ sTf
e
1+ sTr
1
rT r
VELM CLOSE
1
s
GATE MIN
c
1
1+ sTg
g
R
−
÷ π Σ
h
+
1
sTW
q
+
Σ
−
π
+
A 1.0
1 qNL Dturb
t
Σ
−
0.
PMECH
1
2 3 4 5 6
Tail Water Depression Model 1
Speed
∆ f < F 2
∆FREQ
1
+ sT
1
ft
∆f
s∆ f < sF 2
TF 2LATCH
AND
OR
Trip Tail
Water
Depression
Measured Frequency
∆ f < F 1
TF1LATCH
Tail Water Depression Trip Model

Governor TWDM2T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 2T
∆ω
SPEED −
Σ
+
TWD Lock MAX
1
s
+
Σ
+
+
LOGIC
1
( + sT ) 2
1
A
V ELMX
1
1+ sTB
G ATMX
1
s
Reg
+ sT
1
REG
TWD Lock MIN
K P
Two
Trip
V ELMN
G ATMN
P REF
−
+
Σ
sK D
P ELECT
−
÷ π Σ
h
+
1
sTW
q
+
Σ
−
π
+
A 1.0
t
Σ
−
PMECH
1 qNL
0.
Tail Water Depression Model 2
D turb
1
2 3 4 5 6
∆FREQ
1
+ sT
1
ft
∆f
∆ f < F 2
s∆ f < sF 2
TF 2LATCH
AND
OR
Trip Tail
Water
Depression
Measured Frequency
∆ f < F 1
TF1LATCH
Tail Water Depression Trip Model

Governor SHAF25
25 Masses Torsional Shaft Governor Model SHAF25
State #
State number containing delta speed
Var #
Variable number containing electrical torque
Xd - Xdp X d - X' d
Tdop
T' do
Exciter # Exciter number
Gen #
Generator number
H 1 to H 25 H of mass 1 to H of mass 25
PF 1 to PF 25 Power fraction of 1 to power fraction of 25
D 1 to D 25 D of mass 1 to D of mass 25
K 1-2 to K 24-25 K shaft mass 1-2 to K shaft 25-25
Model supported by PSSE

Governor HYGOVR
Fourth Order Lead-lag Governor and Hydro Turbine Model
HYGOVR
Δω
db1
-
P ref
+
gmax
CV
1
2 3 4 5 6
P elec
-
R
gmin
10
V elop
P max
db2
CV
+
G V
-
7
8
G V
V elcl
P min
States: 1 – Input Speed 5 – LL78 9 – Flow
2 – LL12 6 – Governor 10 – P elec
3 – LL34 7 – Velocity
4 – LL56 8 – Gate
P gv
π
H
-
q
+
π
At
Δω
π
Dturb
-
+ P mech
q/P gv
+
9
-
H0
qn1
Model supported by PSLF

Governor WT2T
Governor Model WT2T
H
Damp
Htfrac
Freq1
DShaft
Inertia
Damping factor
Turbine inertia fraction
First shaft torsional frequency
Shaft damping factor
Model supported by PSLF

Line Relays SERIESCAPRELAY
Line Relay Model SERIESCAPRELAY
Tfilter
tbOn
tbOff
V1On
t1On
V2On
t2On
V1Off
t1Off
V2Off
t2Off
Voltage filter time constant in sec.
Switching time On in sec.
Switching time Off in sec.
First voltage threshold for switching series capacitor ON in p.u.
First time delay for switching series capacitor ON in sec.
Second voltage threshold for switching series capacitor ON in p.u.
Second time delay for switching series capacitor ON in sec.
First voltage threshold for switching series capacitor OFF in p.u.
First time delay for switching series capacitor OFF in sec.
Second voltage threshold for switching series capacitor OFF in p.u.
Second time delay for switching series capacitor OFF in sec.
Model supported by ???

Line Relays OOSLEN
Out-of-step relay with 3 zones OOSLEN
“Lens”
x
“Tomato”
x
Rf
Rf
Alpha
R
Alpha
R
Rr
Wl
Rr
Wl
Nf Nt Nfar
Model supported by PSLF

Line Relays TLIN1
Under-voltage or Under-frequency Relay Tripping Line Circuit Breaker(s) TLIN1
Time
t1
v1
Input
Nf Nt Nfar
Model supported by PSLF

Load Characteristic CIM5
Load Characteristic CIM5
Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
Type 2
R
A
+ jX
A
R
A
+ jX
A
jX 1
jX m
jX 1
R 1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
jX R
m
1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes:
1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
breaker delay time cycles.
Model supported by PSSE
L
D
ω
2 2
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
3. Load Torque, T = T(1+ D )
4. For motor starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated
|
nom 0
in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4).
5. V is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V =0
|
|
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. T
B
is the

Load Characteristic CIM6
Load Characteristic CIM6
Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
Type 2
R
A
+ jX
A
R
A
+ jX
A
jX 1
jX m
jX 1
R 1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
jX R
m
1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes:
1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
breaker delay time cycles.
Model supported by PSSE
2 2
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
2
E
( ω ω ω)
3. Load Torque, T = T A + B + C + D
4.
|
L 0
D
For motor starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated
nom 0
in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4).
5. V is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V =0
|
|
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. T
B
is the

Load Characteristic CIMW
Load Characteristic CIMW
Induction Motor Load Model
Type 1
Type 2
R
A
+ jX
A
R
A
+ jX
A
jX 1
jX m
jX 1
R 1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
jX R
m
1
s
jX 2
R 2
s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes:
1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
breaker delay time cycles.
Model supported by PSSE
2 2
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE
2
E
( )
D
2
E
L ω ω 0 ω
−
ω
−
ω
−
0 ω0
3. Load Torque, T = T A + B + C + D where C0=1 A B D .
4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T is calculated in the code during initialization and
stored in VAR(L+4).
5. V is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
|
|
V =0
|
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. T
B
is the
0

Load Characteristic CLOD
Load Characteristic CLOD
Complex Load Model
P + jQ
Tap
R + jX
P
O
P = Load MW input on system base
O
M
M
I
V
I
V
K
Constant P=
P * P
RO
V
MVA
2
Q=
Q * V
RO
Large
Motors
Small
Motors
Discharge
Motors
Transformer
Saturation
Remaining
Loads
Model supported by PSSE

Load Characteristic EXTL
Load Characteristic EXTL
Complex Load Model
P initial
PMLTMX
Q initial
QMLTMX
P actual
π
−
Σ
+
1
P initial
K P
s
P MULT
Q actual
π
−
Σ
+
1
Q initial
K Q
s
Q MULT
PMLTMN
QMLTMN
States:
1 – P MULT
2 - Q MULT

Load Characteristic IEEL
Load Characteristic IEEL
Complex Load Model
load
load
n1 n2
n3
( 1 2 3 )( 1
7 )
n4
n5 n6
( 4 5 6 )( 1
8 )
P= P av + av + av + a∆f
Q= Q av + av + av + a∆f
Model supported by PSSE

Load Characteristic LDFR
Load Characteristic LDFR
Complex Load Model
P
Q
I
I
p
q
= PO
⎜ ⎟
ωO
m
⎛ ω ⎞
⎝
⎠
= QO
⎜ ⎟
ωO
n
⎛ ω ⎞
⎝
⎠
= Ipo
⎜ ⎟
ωO
= Iqo
⎜ ⎟
ωO
s
r
⎛ ω ⎞
⎝
⎠
⎛ ω ⎞
⎝
⎠
Model supported by PSSE

Load Characteristic BPA INDUCTION MOTOR I
Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI
Induction Motor Load Model
R
S
+ jX
S
jX R
MECHANICAL
LOAD
jX m
R R
R = T, EMWS
s
Model Notes:
2
Mechanical Load Torque, ( )
T= Aω
+ Bω+
CT O
where C is calculated by the program such that
ω + ω+ = 1.0
2
A B C
ω = 1−ω
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LA
Load Characteristic BPA Type LA
Load Model
2
( ( ))
P = P0 PV 1 * 1
+ PV
2
+ P3+ P4 +∆f LDP
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LB
Load Characteristic BPA Type LB
Load Model
2
( )( )
P = P0 PV
1
+ PV
2
+ P3 1 +∆f * L DP
Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic DLIGHT
Load Characteristic Model DLIGHT
Real Power Coefficient
Reactive Power Coefficient
Breakpoint Voltage
Extinction Voltage
Real Power Coefficient
Reactive Power Coefficient
Breakpoint Voltage
Extinction Voltage
Model supported by PW

Load Characteristic LD1PAC
Load Characteristic Model LD1PAC
Pul
TV
Tf
CompPF
Vstall
Rstall
Xstall
Tstall
LFadj
KP1 to KP2
NP1 to NP2
KQ1 to KQ2
NQ1 to NQ2
Vbrk
Frst
Vrst
Trst
CmpKpf
CmpKqf
Fraction of constant power load
Voltage input time in sec.
Frequency input time constant in sec.
Compressor Power Factor
Compressor Stalling Voltage in p.u.
Compressor Stall resistance in p.u.
Compressor Stall impedance in p.u.
Compressor Stall delay time in sec.
Vstall adjustment proportional lo loading
factor
Real power coefficient for running states,
p.u.P/p.u.V
Real power exponent for running states
Reactive power coefficient for running
states, p.u.Q/p.u.
Reactive power exponent for running states
Compressor motor breakdown voltage in
p.u
Restarting motor fraction
Restart motor voltage in p.u.
Restarting time delay in sec.
Real power frequency sensitivity,
p.u.P/p.u.
Reactive power frequency sensitivity,
p.u.Q/p.u.
Vc1off
Vc2off
Vc1on
Vc2on
Tth
Th1t
Th2t
fuvr
uvtr1 to uvtr2
ttr1 to ttr2
Voltage 1 contactor disconnect load in p.u.
Voltage 2 contactor disconnect load in p.u.
Voltage 1 contactor re-connect load in p.u.
Voltage 2 contactor re-connect load in p.u.
Compressor heating time constant in sec.
Compressor motors begin tripping
Compressor motors finished tripping
Fraction of compressor motors with
undervoltage relays
Undervoltage pickup level in p.u.
Undervoltage definite time in sec.
Model supported by PSLF

Load Characteristic WSCC
Load Characteristic Model WSCC
p1
q1
p2
q2
p3
q3
p4
q4
lpd
lqd
Constant impedance fraction in p.u.
Constant impedance fraction in p.u.
Constant current fraction in p.u.
Constant current fraction in p.u.
Constant power fraction in p.u.
Constant power fraction in p.u.
Frequency dependent power fraction in p.u.
Frequency dependent power fraction in p.u.
Real power frequency index in p.u.
Reactive power frequency index in p.u.
Model supported by PSLF

Load Characteristic CMPLD
Composite Load Model CMPLD
V sec_measured
V sec_init
Discrete Tap
Change Control
V 4 V sec
V 3
Polynomial load
P far
+ jQ far
r 4
x 4
i 4
i sec
2 nd motor
Polynomial load
P sec + jQ sec
1 st motor
Model supported by PSLF

Load Characteristic CMPLDW
Composite Load Model CMPLDW
Substation
System bus
(230, 115, 69 – kV)
Low-side
Feeder
R.X.
Load
Bus
M
Motor A
LTC
Bss Bf1 Bf2
M
Motor B
M
Motor C
M
Motor D
Electronic Load
Static Load
Model supported by PSLF

Load Characteristic MOTORW
Two-cage or One-cage Induction Machine for Part of a Bus Load Model MOTORW
-
⬚
-
1
-
1
E' q
+ ⬚ +
T pp s
-
⬚
1
T ppp
+
+
⬚
+
1
s
E'' q
d-axis
ω o SLIP T PO
Lp-Lpp
ω o
SLIP
+ i
⬚
Ls-Lp
d
+
ω o
SLIP T PO
ω o
SLIP
+
⬚
-
1
-
1
E' d
+ ⬚ +
T pp s
+
⬚
1
T ppp
+
+
-
⬚
1
s
E'' d
q-axis
Lp-Lpp
+ I
⬚
Ls-Lp
q
-
Model supported by PSLF

Load Relays DLSH
Rate of Frequency Load Shedding Model DLSH
f1 to f3
t1 to t3
Frac1 to frac3
tb
df1 to df3
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Fraction of load to shed
Breaker time
Rate of frequency shedding point
Model supported by PSSE

Load Relays LDS3
Underfrequency Load Shedding Model with Transfer Trip LDS3
Tran Trip Obj
SC
f1 to f5
t1 to t5
tb1 to tb5
Frac1 to frac5
ttb
Transfer Trip Object
Shed Shunts
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Transfer trip breaker time
Model supported by PSSE

Load Relays LDSH
Underfrequency Load Shedding Model LDSH
f1 to f3
t1 to t3
frac1 to frac3
tb
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Fraction of load to shed
Breaker time
Model supported by PSSE

Load Relays LDST
Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Model LDST
f1 to f4
z1 to z4
tb
frac
freset
tres
Frequency load shedding point
Nominal operating time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Reset frequency
Resetting time
Model supported by PSSE

Load Relays LSDT1
Definite-Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT1
Tfilter
tres
f1 to f3
t1 to t3
tb1 to tb3
frac1 to frac3
Input transducer time constant
Resetting time
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Bus Frequency
Definite Time
Characteristic
Shed (p.u.)
Model supported by PSLF

Load Relays LSDT2
Definite-Time Undervoltage Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT2
Rem Bus
Voltage Mode
Tfilter
tres
v1 to v3
t1 to t3
tb1 to tb3
frac1 to frac3
Remote Bus
Voltage mode: 0 for deviation; 1 for absolute
Input transducer time constant
Resetting time
Voltage load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Bus Frequency
Definite Time
Characteristic
Shed (p.u.)
Model supported by PSLF

Load Relays LSDT8
Definite-Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT8
Tfilter
tres
f1 to f3
t1 to t3
tb1 to tb3
frac1 to frac3
df1 to df3
Input transducer time constant
Resetting time
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Rate of frequency shedding point
Bus Frequency
Definite Time
Characteristic
Shed (p.u.)
Model supported by PSLF

Load Relays LSDT9
Definite Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT9
Tfilter
tres
f1 to f9
t1 to t9
tb1 to tb9
frac1 to frac9
Input transducer time constant
Resetting time
Frequency load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Bus Frequency
Definite Time
Characteristic
Shed (p.u.)
Model supported by PSLF

Load Relays LVS3
Undervoltage Load Shedding Model with Transfer Trip LVS3
FirstTran Trip Obj
SecondTran Trip Obj
SC
v1 to v5
t1 to t5
tb1 to tb5
Frac1 to frac5
ttb1 to ttb2
First Transfer Trip Object
First Transfer Trip Object
Shed Shunts
Voltage load shedding point
Pickup time
Breaker time
Fraction of load to shed
Transfer trip breaker time
Model supported by PSSE

Load Relays LVSH
Undervoltage Load Shedding Model LVSH
v1 to v3
t1 to t3
frac1 to frac3
tb
Voltage load shedding point
Pickup time
Fraction of load to shed
Breaker time
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CBEST
EPRI Battery Energy Storage Model CBEST
P INIT
P MAX
I ACMAX V AC
P AUX
1
MMMMM
+
+ P AC
⬚ 1 1
MMMMM
SSSSS
P OUT
-P MAX
- I ACMAX V AC
P OUT
P OUT > 0
P OUT
< 0
O UU E FF
s
I NN E FF
s
5
+
⬚
+
4
E OUT
States:
1 – VLL1
2 – VLL2
3 – IQ
4 – EnergyIn
5 - EnergyOut
E COMP
-
+
V REF
+
⬚
-
V MAX
(1 + sT 1 )(1 + sT 1 )
(1 + sT 3 )(1 + sT 4 )
1 2
K AAA
s
I QMAX
I Q
3
π
MMMMM
SSSSS
P OUT
V OTHSG
V MIN
DROOP
-I QMAX
2
I QQQQ = I AAAAA − P 2
AA
V AA
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CIMTR1
Induction Generator Model CIMTR1
Tp
Tpp
H
X
Xp
Xpp
Xl
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
Switch
Ra
T' - Transient rotor time constant
T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec.
Inertia constant in sec.
Synchronous reactance
X' – Transient Reactance
X'' – Sub-transient Reactance
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
Field voltage value E1
Saturation value at E1
Field voltage value E2
Saturation value at E2
Switch
Stator resistance in p.u.
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
5 – Speed wr
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CIMTR2
Induction Motor Model CIMTR2
Tp
Tpp
H
X
Xp
Xpp
Xl
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
D
T' - Transient rotor time constant
T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec.
Inertia constant in sec.
Synchronous reactance
X' – Transient Reactance
X'' – Sub-transient Reactance
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
Field voltage value E1
Saturation value at E1
Field voltage value E2
Saturation value at E2
Damping
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
5 – Speed wr
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CIMTR3
Induction Generator Model CIMTR3
Tp
T' - Transient rotor time constant
Tpp
T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec.
H
Inertia constant in sec.
X
Synchronous reactance
Xp
X' – Transient Reactance
Xpp
X'' – Sub-transient Reactance
Xl
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
E1
Field voltage value E1
SE1
Saturation value at E1
E2
Field voltage value E2
Switch
Switch
SYN-POW Mechanical power at synchronous speed (p.u. > 0)
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
5 – Speed wr
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CIMTR4
Induction Motor Model CIMTR4
Tp
T' - Transient rotor time constant
Tpp
T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec.
H
Inertia constant in sec.
X
Synchronous reactance
Xp
X' – Transient Reactance
Xpp
X'' – Sub-transient Reactance
Xl
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
E1
Field voltage value E1
SE1
Saturation value at E1
E2
Field voltage value E2
D
Damping
SYN-TOR Synchronous torque (p.u. < 0)
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
5 – Speed wr
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CSTATT
Static Condenser (STATCON) Model CSTATT
V REF
V MAX
Limit Max
|V|
-
+
+
⬚
-
(1 + sT 1 )(1 + sT 1 )
(1 + sT 3 )(1 + sT 4 )
1 2
K
s
VAR(L)
3
+
⬚
-
1
X t
MMMMM
SSSSS
ISTATC
VAR(L+1)
V OTHSG
V MIN
DROOP
Limit Min
E T
Limit Max = V T + X T I CMAX0
Limit Min = V T + X T I LMAX0
Limit Max ≤ E limit
Where:
I CMAX0 = I CMAX when V T ≥ VCUTOUT
States:
1 – Regulator 1
2 – Regulator 2
3 – Thyristor
I CCCC0 = I CCCC ∙ V T
V CCCCCC
otherwise
I LMAX0
= I LMAX
when V T
≥ VCUTOUT
I LLLL0 = I LLLL ∙ V T
V CCCCCC
otherwise
Note: |V| is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer, if present.
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model GENCLS_PLAYBACK
Machine Model GENCLS_PLAYBACK
Synchronous machine represented by “classical” modeling or
Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known
voltage/frequency signal
Recorded
Voltage
Z
ab
= 0.03
on 100 MVA base
Responding
System
A
B
States:
1 – Angel
2 – Speed w
gencls
I ppd
B
Responding
System
gencls
I ppd
A
Z
ab
= 0.03
on 100 MVA base
B
Responding
System
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model GENDCO
Round Rotor Generator Model Including DC Offset Torque
Component GENDCO
H
D
Ra
Xd
Xq
Xdp
Xqp
Xl
Tdop
Tqop
Tdopp
Tqopp
S(1.0)
S(1.2)
Ta
Inertia constant in sec.
Damping
Stator resistance in p.u.
X d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X' d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X' q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
T' do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant
T' qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant
T'' do – Open circuit direct axis subtransient time constant
T'' qo – Quadrature axis subtransient time constant
Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux
Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux
T a
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model GEPWTwoAxis
Model GENPWTwoAxis
H
D
Ra
Xd
Xq
Xdp
Xqp
Tdop
Tqop
Inertia constant in sec.
Damping
Stator resistance in p.u.
X d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X' d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X' q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
T' do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant
T' qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant
States:
1 – Angel
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – Edp
Model supported by PW

Machine Model GENIND
Two Cage or One Cage Induction Generator Model GENIND
+
ψ dr2
⬚
-
ω o SLIP
ω o ∙ R r2
L ll2
+
-
⬚
Ψ qr2
1
L ll2
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
5 – Speed wr
ψ dr1
Model supported by PSLF
ω o
SLIP
ω o ∙ R
+ r1
⬚
⬚
L ll1
+
-
Ψ qr1
ω o ∙ R
+ r1
⬚
⬚
L ll1 +
-
Ψ qr2
2
ψ mm
+ ψ
2
mm
ω o
SLIP
ω o
SLIP
ω o ∙ R
+ r2
⬚
⬚
L ll2
+
-
-
+
+
S e
Ψ m
Ψ qr1
Ψ dr1
Ψ dr2
1
L ll1
1
L ll1
+
⬚
+
K sat = 1 + Se(ψ m
)
1
L ll2
⬚
+
+
L'' m sat
Ψ mq
′′
L m sss =
L'' m sat
Ψ md
K sss
+
⬚
-E'' d = ψ' q
L'' m sat
1
⁄ L m + 1⁄ L ll1 + 1⁄
L ll2
⬚
+
-
-
L'' m sat
E'' q
= ψ' d
L m = L s − L l
′
L m = 1/(1/L m + 1/L ll1 ) = L ′ − L l
′′
L m = 1/(1/L m + 1/L ll1 + 1/L ll2 )
= L ′′ − L l
T ′ ′
o = L ll1 ∙ L m /(ω o ∙ R r1 ∙ L m )
= (L ll1 + L m )/(ω o ∙ R r1 )
T ′′ ′
o = L ll2 ∙ L m /(ω o ∙ R r2 ∙ L ′′ m )
′
= (L ll2 + L m )/(ω o ∙ R r2 )
i qs
i ds

Machine Model GENROE
Round Rotor Generator Model GENROE
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – PsiDp
5 – PsiQpp
6 – Edp
H
D
Ra
Xd
Xq
Xdp
Xqp
Xdpp
Xl
Tdop
Tqop
Tdopp
Tqopp
S(1.0)
S(1.2)
Rcomp
Xcomp
Inertia constant in sec.
Damping factor in p.u.
Stator resistance in p.u.
X d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X' d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X' q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X'' d – Direct axis subtransient reactacne
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
T' do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant
T' qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant
T'' do – Open circuit direct axis subtransient time constant
T'' qo – Quadrature axis subtransient time constant
Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux
Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux
Compensating resistance for voltage control in p.u.
Compensating reactance for voltage control in p.u.
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model GENSAE
Salient Pole Generator Model GENSAE
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Speed w
3 – Eqp
4 – PsiDp
5 – PsiQpp
H
D
Ra
Xd
Xq
Xdp
Xqp
Xdpp
Xl
Tdop
Tqop
Tdopp
Tqopp
S(1.0)
S(1.2)
Rcomp
Xcomp
Inertia constant in sec.
D
Stator resistance in p.u.
X d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X' d – Direct axis synchronous reactance
X' q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance
X'' d – Direct axis subtransient reactacne
Stator leakage reactance in p.u.
T' do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant
T' qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant
T'' do – Open circuit direct axis subtransient time constant
T'' qo – Quadrature axis subtransient time constant
Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux
Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux
Compensating resistance for voltage control in p.u.
Compensating reactance for voltage control in p.u.
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model GENTPJ
Generator Represented by Uniform Inductance Ratios Rotor
Modeling to Match WSCC Type F Model GENTPJ
L d − L d
′
L d
′
− L d
′′
S e
E fd
+
+
⬚
-
1
E' q
S
′
e
+
1
⬚
sT ′′
dd
sT dd
-
′′
L d − L d
′ ′′
L d − L d
-
L d
′
− L d
′′
E'' q
i d
φ'' d
S e = 1 + ffffφ aa + K ii ∙ I t ∙ ssss(i d )
Q – Axis similar except:
S e = 1 + L q
L d
ffffφ aa + K ii ∙ I t ∙ ssss(i d )
States:
1 – Angle
2 – Spped w
3 – Eqp
4 – Eqpp
5 – Edp
6 – Edpp
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model STCON
Static Synchronous Condenser Model STCON
V int
∠ ∥θ
|i term
|
If q term
≥ 0
5
V max
If q term
≤ 0
5
V min
-
+
⬚
V t
∠ ∥θ
K ii
s
K ii
+
V ctr
i term
+
R
⬚
If S4 5 > I max
+ ⬚
If S4 5 < (I
s
max
- I mxeps
)
and
-
v term
> v thresh
-
X t
1
1 + sT f
+
⬚
i term
, q term
p term = 0
5
K ii
s
K ii
If S4 5 > I max
+ If S4 5 < (I
⬚
max
- I mxeps
)
s
and
-
v term
> v thresh
3
4
K ii
s
+
1
- ⬚ + ⬚
1 + sT f
1
+ +
K i
s
V ref
+
V min
+
V max
-
-
V sig
⬚
⬚
6
K ii
s
K ii
s
V MIN
4
3
K p
+
V MAX
q set
⬚ -
2
q term
π
U MAX
= S2 3
U MAX
U MIN
U MIN
= S3 4
V int
States:
1 – Vsens
2 – Integrator
3 – Umax
4 – Umin
5 – I termSens
6 – Qerr
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model SVCWSC
Static Var Device Model SVCWSC
Voltage Clamp Logic
If V bus
< V1 vd
, K vc
= 0.
If V bus
> V2 vd
for T dvcl
sec., K vc
= 1.
V1 MAX
K vc·V2 MAX
B MAX
V bus
+
⬚
-
X C
Ve MAX
1 + sT C
1 + sT
-
s2 1 + sT s4
Fast
1
⬚ ⬚
K
1 + sT s1 +
SVS Over
1 + sT s3 b + sT s5 1 + sT
Ride
s6
+ + Ve MIN
1 B
V
V1 2 MIN
ref V scs
+ V MIN
K
3
vc·V2
MIN
4
s
V s
(from external PSS)
B svs
π
Input 1
Input 2
Model supported by PSLF
K s1
1 + sT s8
1 + sT s7 5 1 + sT s9
⬚
K s2
1 + sT s11
+
7
6
8
+
ss s13
1 + sT s14
9
K S3
Vscs MIN
Vscs MAX
Vscs
States:
1 – LLVbus
2 – Regulator1
3 – Regulator2
4 – Thyristor
5 – Transducer1
6 – LL1
7 – Transducer2
8 - LL2
9 – WO13

Machine Model VWSCC
Static Var Device Model VWSCC
B MAX
V bus
+
⬚
-
X C
Ve MAX
1 + sT C
A + sT
-
s2
1 + sT s4
Fast
1
⬚ ⬚
e -sTd1
K
1 + sT s1 +
SVS Over
B + sT s3
1 + sT s5 1 + sT
Ride
s6
+ + Ve MIN
1 V
2 B MIN
ref V
3
scs
4
B svs
(from Stabilizer)
π
States:
1 – LLVBus
2 – Regulator1
3 – Regulator2
4 – Thyristor
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model WT1G
Generator Model for Generic Type-1 Wind Turbines WT1G
+
ψ dr2
⬚
-
ω o SLIP
ω o ∙ R r2
L ll2
+
-
⬚
Ψ qr2
1
L ll2
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
ψ dr1
ω o
SLIP
ω o ∙ R
+ r1
⬚
⬚
L ll1
+
-
2
ψ mm
+ ψ
2
mm
-
S e
Ψ qr1
1
L ll1
+
⬚
+
K sat = 1 + Se(ψ m
)
L'' m sat
Ψ mq
′′
L m sss =
K sss
+
⬚
-
-E'' d = ψ' q
L'' m sat
1
⁄ L m + 1⁄ L ll1 + 1⁄
L ll2
i qs
Ψ qr1
Model supported by PSLF
ω o
SLIP
+
ω o ∙ R
+ r1
⬚
⬚
L ll1 +
-
Ψ qr2
ω o
SLIP
+
ω o ∙ R
+ r2
⬚
⬚
L ll2
+
-
Ψ m
Ψ dr1
Ψ dr2
1
L ll1
1
L ll2
+
⬚
+
L'' m sat
Ψ md
⬚
+
-
L'' m sat
E'' q
= ψ' d
L m = L s − L l
′
L m = 1/(1/L m + 1/L ll1 ) = L ′ − L l
′′
L m = 1/(1/L m + 1/L ll1 + 1/L ll2 )
= L ′′ − L l
T ′ ′
o = L ll1 ∙ L m /(ω o ∙ R r1 ∙ L m )
= (L ll1 + L m )/(ω o ∙ R r1 )
T ′′ ′
o = L ll2 ∙ L m /(ω o ∙ R r2 ∙ L ′′ m )
′
= (L ll2 + L m )/(ω o ∙ R r2 )
i ds

Machine Model WT1G1
Direct Connected Type 1 Generator Model WT1G1
Tpo T' – Open circuit transient rotor time constant
Tppo T'' – Open circuit sub-transient rotor time constant in sec.
Ls Synchronous reactance
Lp L' – Transient Reactance
Lpp L'' – Sub-transient Reactance
Ll Stator leakage reactance (p.u. > 0)
E1 Field voltage value E1
SE1 Saturation value at E1
E2 Field voltage value E2
SE2 Saturation value at E2
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model WT2G
Model WT2G
Ls Synchronous reactance, (p.u. > 0)
Lp Transient reactance, (p.u. > 0)
Ll Stator leakage reactance, (p.u. > 0)
Ra
Stator resistance in p.u.
Tpo Transient rotor time constant in sec.
S(1.0) Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux
S(1.2) Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux
spdrot Initial electrical rotor speed, p.u. of system frequency
Accel Factor Acceleration factor
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model WT2G1
Induction Generator with Controlled External Rotor Resistor Type 2
Model WT2G1
Xa
Xm
X1
R_Rot_Mach
R_Rot_Max
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
Power_Ref1 to Power_Ref_5
Slip_1 to Slip_5
Stator reactance
Magnetizing reactance
Rotor reactance
Rotor resistance
Sum of R_Rot_Mach and total external resistance
Field voltage value E1
Saturation value at E1
Field voltage value E2
Saturation value at E2
Coordinate pairs of the power-slip curve
Power-Slip
States:
1 – Epr
2 – Epi
3 – Ekr
4 – Eki
Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model WT3G
Generator/converter Model for Type-3 (Double-Fed) Wind Turbines WT3G
E'' q cmd
1
E'' q
−1
I Yinj
I̅ssss
(efd)
1 + 0.02s
X′′
From
exwtge
1
T
I P cmd
(ladifd)
1
1 + 0.02s
I P
Low Voltage
Active Current
Regulation
I Xinj
From
exwtge
2
3
V term
∠ θ
jX''
States:
1 – E q
2 – I p
3 – Vmeas
Model supported by PSLF

Machine Model WT3G1
Double-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) Model WT3G1
E q cmd
1
E q
−1
I Yinj
I̅ssss
(efd)
1 + 0.02s
X ee
States:
1 – Eq
2 – Iq
3 – Vmeas
4 – PLL1
5 – Delta
From
Converter
Control
I P cmd
1
1
1 + 0.02s
2
P llmax
I P
I Xinj
T
V term
∠ θ
K iiii
s
4
jX''
-P llmax
V tttt
3
T -1
V Y
K ppp
ω o
+
+
⬚
-P llmax
P llma
ω o
s
5
δ
V X
Notes: 1. V tttt and I̅ssss are complex values on network reference frame.
2. In steady-state, V Y
= 0, V X
= V term
, and δ = θ.
3. X eq
= Imaginary (ZSOURCE)
Model supported by PSEE

Machine Model WT3G2
Double-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) Model WT3G2
WEPCMD
1
1 + sT iiiii
1
−1
X ee
High Voltage
Reactive Current
Logic
T
I̅ssss
WIPCMD
+
-
⬚
R ip_LVPL
1
sT iiiii
2
LVPL
Low Voltage
Reactive Current
Logic
LVPL
1
V T
G LVPL
LVPL
V LVPL1
V LVPL2 V
1 + sT _LLLL
P LLMAX
3
V T
T -1
V Y
K PPP
ω o
K IIII
s
P LLMIN
+
4
+
⬚
P LLMAX
ω o
s
5
States:
1 – Eq
2 – Iq
3 – Vmeas
4 – PLL1
5 – Delta
P LLMIN
V X
Model supported by PSEE
Angle of V T
If K PLL
= 0 and K IPLL
= 0

Machine Model WT4G1
States:
1 – Eq
2 – Iq
3 – Vmeas
WEPCMD
Wind Generator Model with Power Converter WT4G1
1
1 + sT eeeee
1
High Voltage
Reactive Current
Logic
I̅ssss
R ip_LVPL
WIPCMD +
1
⬚
-
sT iiiii
2
LVPL
Low Voltage
Reactive Current
Logic
LVPL
LVPL
G LVPL
V LVPL1
V LVPL2 V
1
1 + sT _LLLL
V T
3
Model supported by PSEE

Machine Model WT4G
Model WT4G
Tiqcmd
Tipcmd
VLVPL1
VLVPL2
GLVLP
VHVRCR
CurHVRCR
RIP_LVPL
T_LVLP
Q command time constant
P command time constant
Low voltage regulation breakpoints
Low voltage regulation breakpoints
Low voltage regulation breakpoints
High Voltage limit in p.u.
High voltage reactive current limit
Maximum Ip rate in p.u.
Voltage sensor time constant
States:
1 – Eq
2 – Ip
3 – Vmeas
Model supported by PSLF

Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG
Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG
Stabilizer Models
⎧
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
CHOICE OF
INPUT SIGNALS⎨
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
V =V
− V
T TO T
e ts
SHAFT SLIP,
∆ FREQ. OR
ACCEL. POWER
K
QV
1+sT
K QS
K
QS
1+sT
QV
QS
+
2
−
+
Σ
1
sT
Q
1+sT
Q
3 4 5 6
1+sT
1+sT
'
Q1
Q1
1+sT
1+sT
'
Q2
Q2
∆V T
1+sT
1+sT
'
Q3
Q3
States
1 - K
2 - K
3 - T
4 - T
5 - T
6 - T
QS
Q
QV
Q1
Q2
Q3
If V ≤ 0.0, then V =V
'
CUTOFF S S
If V >0.0, then
CUTOFF
V =V if ∆V ≤V
'
S S T CUTOFF
V =0.0 if ∆V >V
S T CUTOFF
∆V =V
−V
T TO T
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V SMAX
V SMIN
'
V S
ZERO
V ST

Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI
Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI
Stabilizer Models
No block diagrams have been created

Stabilizer IEE2ST
Stabilizer IEE2ST
IEEE Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1
K1
1+sT
1
1
+
Σ
+
sT3
1+sT
4
3 4 5
1+sT
1+sT
5
6
1+sT
1+sT
7
8
Input Signal #2
K2
1+sT
2
2
Output Limiter
1+sT
1+sT
9
10
6
L SMAX
V SS
L SMIN
V = V if (V > V > V )
S SS CU CT CL
V = 0 if (V < V )
S CT CL
V = 0 if (V > V )
S CT CU
V ST
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
3 - Washout
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
6 - Unlimited Signal
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer IEEEST
Stabilizer IEEEST
IEEE Stabilizing Model
Input Signal
Filter
1+A s+A s
(1+A s+A s )(1+A s+A s )
2
5 6
2 2
1 2 3 4
1+sT1
1+sT
2
1+sT
1+sT
3
4
1 2 3 4
5 6
sT
5
KS
1+sT
6
LSMIN
L SMAX
Output Limiter
7
V SS
V = V if (V > V > V )
S SS CU CT CL
V = 0 if (V < V )
S CT CL
V = 0 if (V > V )
S CT CU
V ST
States
1 - Filter 1
2 - Filter 2
3 - Filter 3
4 - Filter Out
5 - LL1
6 - LL2
7 - Unlimited Signal
Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer PFQRG
Stabilizer PFQRG
Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
Reactive
Power
J=1
J=0
Power
Factor
+
+
Σ
Reference Signal,
Reactive power or
Power Factor
K
P
K
+
s
I
1
MAX
-MAX
To Voltage
Regulator
V ST
Supplementary
Signal
States
1 - PI
Model supported by PSLF

Stabilizer PSS1A
Stabilizer PSS1A
Single-Input Stabilizer Model
Input Signal
Filter
1
sT
1
1 + sT 6 1 + A 1 s+A 2 s 2
5
KS
1+sT
6
Output Limiter
1+sT1
1+sT
2
1+sT
1+sT
3
4
L SMIN
L SMAX
Vllout
If (Vcu and (Vct > Vcu))
V ST = 0.0
If (Vcl and (Vct < Vcu))
V ST = 0.0
Else
V ST = Vllout
V ST
Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in Simulator
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer PSS2A
Stabilizer PSS2A
IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
Input Signal #1
sT
1 2 3
sT
W1
W2
1+sT 1+sT
W1
W2 1+sT6
1
+
Σ
+
⎡ 1+sT
⎢
⎣(1+sT )
8
M
9
9 − 18
⎤
⎥
⎦
N
+
Σ
−
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT
2
7 8
1+sT
1+sT
3
4
Input Signal #2
sT
1+sT
W3
W3
4 5 6
sT
1+sT
W4
W4
KS2
1+sT
7
K S3
K S4
A+sT
1+sT
B
A
19
V STMAX
V ST
V STMIN
States
1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter4
3 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter7
6 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1 17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2 18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1 19 - LLGEOnly
10 - RampFilter2
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE without T ,T lead/lag block and with K = 1
A B S4

Stabilizer PSS2B
Stabilizer PSS2B
IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model
V S1
V S1MAX
sT
1 2 3
sT
W1
W2
1+sTW1
1+sT 1+sT
W2
6
1
+
Σ
+
⎡ 1+sT
⎢
⎣(1+sT )
8
M
9
⎤
⎥
⎦
N
+
Σ
−
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT
2
7 8
1+sT
1+sT
3
4
1+sT
1+sT
10
11
20
V S1MIN
9 − 18
V S2
V S2MIN
V S2MAX
sT
1+sT
W3
W3
4 5 6
sT
1+sT
W4
W4
KS2
1+sT
7
K S3
K S4
A+sT
1+sT
B
A
19
V STMAX
V ST
V STMIN
States
1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter4
3 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter7
6 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1 17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2 18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1 19 - LLGEOnly
10 - RampFilter2 20 - LL3
Model supported by PSLF
Model supported by PSSE without T ,T lead/lag block and with K = 1
A B S4

Stabilizer PSSSB
Stabilizer PSSSB
IEEE PSS2A Dual-Input Stabilizer Plus Voltage Boost Signal
Transient Stabilizer and Vcutoff
Input 1
Input 2
States
sTW1
sT
1
W2
1+sT 1+sT 1+sT6
sT
1+sT
W1
W3
W3
1 2 3
W2
4 5 6
sT
1+sT
W4
W4
1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter4
3 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter5
4 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter7
KS2
1+sT
6 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter8
7 - LL1 17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2 18 - RampFilter10
9 - RampFilter1 19 - TransducerTEB
10 - RampFilter2 20 - WOTEB
Model supported by PSLF
7
+
Σ
+
K S3
⎡ 1+sT
⎢
⎣(1+sT )
8
M
9
9 − 18
V K
⎤
⎥
⎦
N
1
+
Sw1
Σ
−
K S4
0
1+sT
1
KS1
1+sT2
1
1+sT
0
d1
19
sTd2
1+sT
7 8
d2
1+sT
1+sT
3
4
V STMIN
20
V tl
+
+
Σ
V STMAX
≤ 0
ΔV
T
=VT0-VT
ΔV
T
>Vcutoff
0
Vcutoff
V ST

Stabilizer PTIST1
Stabilizer PTIST1
PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer
1
Ms
1+sT
K(1+sT )(1+sT )
(1+sT )(1 + sT )
Δω +
M
1 3
F
Σ
+
P'
+
Σ
−
2 4
Tap
Selection
Table
−
Σ
+
π
V ST
1
1+sT
P
P
e
on machine MVA base
E t
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

Stabilizer PTIST3
Stabilizer PTIST3
PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer
Ms
1+sT
K(1+sT )(1+sT )
(1+sT )(1 + sT )
Δω 1 3
F
+
Σ
P' M
+
Σ
+
−
2 4
1+sT
1+sT
5
6
(A +A s+A s )(A +A s+A s )
(B +B s+B s )(B +B s+B s )
2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5
2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5
1
1+sT
P
P
e
on machine MVA base
Averaging
Function
Limit
Function
Switch = 0
−DL
DL
AL
Tap
Selection
Table
1
E t
+
−
Σ π
V ST
Switch = 1
−AL
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

Stabilizer ST2CUT
Stabilizer ST2CUT
Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1
K1
1+sT
1
1
+
+
Σ
sT3
1+sT
4
3 4 5 6
1+sT
1+sT
5
6
1+sT
1+sT
7
8
1+sT
1+sT
9
10
Input Signal #2
K2
1+sT
2
2
L SMIN
L SMAX
V SS
Output Limiter
V = V if (V +V >V >V +V )
S SS CU TO T CL TO
V = 0 if (V < V +V )
S T TO CL
V = 0 if (V > V +V )
S CT TO CU
V ST
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
3 - Washout
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
6 - Unlimited Signal
Model supported by PSSE
V = initial terminal voltage
TO
V = terminal voltage
T

Stabilizer STAB1
Stabilizer STAB1
Speed-Sensitive Stabilizing Model
Speed (pu)
Ks
1+sT
1+sT1
1+sT
3
1+sT
1+sT
1 2 3
2
4
H LIM
V ST
-H LIM
States
1 - Washout
2 - Lead-lag 1
3 - Lead-lag 2
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer STAB2A
Stabilizer STAB2A
Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
P
e
on machine
MVA base
⎡K2sT
⎤
2
− ⎢ ⎥
⎣1+sT2
⎦
3
K3
1+sT
K 4
3
4
+
+
Σ
⎡ K ⎤
5
⎢ ⎥
⎣1+sT5
⎦
1 − 3
5 − 6
2
H LIM
-H LIM
V ST
States
1 - Input State 1
2 - Input State 2
3 - Input State 3
4 - T
3
5 - Output State 1
6 - Output State 2
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer STAB3
Stabilizer STAB3
Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
P
ref
P
e
on machine
MVA base
1
1+sT
t
1
−
2 3
1
1+sT
+ Σ X1
-sK
1+sT
X
X2
V LIM
V ST
-V LIM
States
1 - Int T
2 - Int T
t
X1
3 - Unlimited Signal
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer STAB4
Stabilizer STAB4
Power-Sensitive Stabilizer
P
e
on machine
MVA base
1
1+sT
t
1
P
ref
−
sK
1+sT
+ Σ XX2
2 3 4 5 6
1+sT
1+sT
a
X1
1+sT
1+sT
b
c
1
1+sT
d
1
1+sT
e
L1
L2
V ST
States
1 - Input
2 - Reset
3 - LL1
4 - LL2
5 - T
d
6 - Unlimited Signal
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer STBSVC
Stabilizer STBSVC
WECC Supplementary Signal for Static var Compensator
1 2
Input Signal #1
Input Signal #2
KS1
1+sT
S7
KS2
1+sT
S10
1+sT
1+sT
+
+
3 4
1+sT
1+sT
S8
S9
S11
S12
Σ
sT
1+sT
S13
K S3
S14
5
K S3
-V SCS
V SCS
V ST
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - LL1
3 - Transducer2
4 - LL2
5 - Washout
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer WSCCST
Stabilizer WSCCST
WSCC Power System Stabilizer
V T
k
+
V T0
Σ
signal j
−−−−−−
speed 1
accpw 2
freq 3
−
f(U)
K
qv
1+sT
1
1+sT
1
1+sT
1
qs
qv
2
1
sT2
1+sT
2
+
Σ
+
sT
K qs
K t
3
1+sT3
1+sT4
s
+
−
Σ
Σ
+
−
+
'
V s
U
States
1 - Transducer1
2 - Transducer2
3 - WashoutTq
4 - LL1
5 - LL2
6 - LL3
V SMAX
0
ΔV
T
=VT0-VT
ΔV
T
>Vcutoff
sT
q
1+sT
q
3 '
'
1+sT 4 1+sT 5 1+sT 6
1+sT
q1
q1
1+sT
'
q2
q2
1+sT
q3
q3
V SLOW
+
+
Σ
≤ 0
Vcutoff
V S
0
Model supported by PSLF
Sw1
Blocks in gray have not been implemented in Simulator
V K
0
1
1
1+sT
d1
sTd2
1+sT
d2
V tl

Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P
Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P
Pseudo Governor Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Turbines
Speed
K P
P gen
1
1+sT
PE
1
ω ref
+
−
+
Σ K droop
−
+
Σ
K I
1
s
+
+
Σ
2
PI MIN
PI MAX
1
1+sT
1
3 4
1
1+sT
2
P mech
P ref
States
1 - P
2 - K
3 - T
4 - P
gen
1
I
mech
WT12A1 supported by PSSE with K
I
= T
I
WT1P supported by PSLF
1

Stabilizer WT2P
Stabilizer Model WT2P
Tpe
Kdroop
Kp
Ki
Pimax
Pimin
T1
T2
Kw
T'e – Time constant in sec.
Droop gain
PI proportional gain
PI proportional gain
Maximum pitch in deg.
Minimum pitch in deg.
Lead/lag time constant in sec.
Lead/lag time constant in sec.
Speed gain in p.u.
Model supported by PSLF

Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1
Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1
Pitch Control Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Theta MAX
Theta MAX
ω
ω ref
P ORD
2
+ K +
IP
+
Σ K
PP
+ s
Σ Σ
−
+ −
Theta MIN
+
3
KIC
K + s
−
Σ
PC
RTheta MAX
1
sT
-RTheta MAX
Theta MIN
P
1
Pitch
P set
0
States
1 - Pitch
2 - PitchControl
3 - PitchComp
WT3P supported by PSLF
T =T , Theta =PI , Theta =PI , and RTheta = PI
P PI MAX MAX MIN MIN MAX RATE
WT3P1 supported by PSSE with no non-windup limits on pitch control

Switched Shunt Relay CAPRELAY
Switched Shunt Relay CAPRELAY
Rem Bus
Tfilter
tbClose
tbOpen
V1On
T1On
V2On
T2On
V1Off
T1Off
V2Off
T2Off
Remote Bus
Voltage filter time constant in sec.
Circuit breaker closing time for switching shunt ON in sec.
Circuit breaker closing time for switching shunt OFF in sec.
First voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec.
First time delay for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec.
Second voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec.
Second time delay for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec.
First voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec.
First time delay for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec.
Second voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec.
Second time delay for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec.
Model supported by PSLF

Exciter WT4E
Exciter WT4E
Electrical Control for Full Converter Wind-turbine generators (FC WTG)
V C
1
1+ sTRV
V RFQ
+
5 +
− 1
4
∑
K IV
s
KPV
1+ sT
V
∑
+
3
Q MIN
Q MAX
1+ sTFV
6
States:
1 – Vref 6 - Qord
2 - IqCMD 7 - Pmeas
3 – Kpv
4 – VregMeas
5 – Kiv
P FAREF
P elec
1
1+ sTP
tan
7
π
Q REF
0
1
pfaflg
0
1
Q MAX
+
Q elec
−
∑
V MAXCL
K QI
s
1
+
−
∑
I QMAX
K VI
s
2
I QCMD
varflg
Q MIN
V MINCL
V TERM
I QMIN
pqflag
Converter Current Limit
+
P ORD
÷
I PMAX
I PCMD
V TERM
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter ESST5B and ST5B
Exciter ESST5B and ST5B
IEEE (2005) Type ST5B Excitation System
V rmax /K r
V rmax
/K r
7 8
V c
V rmin
/K r
V rmin
/K r
V ref
+
2
_
V oel
HV
Gate
LV
Gate
+
+
V rmax
/K r
3
V rmax
/K r
0
4
+1
-1
V rmax
V r
+
_
V t V rmax
E fd
1
V uel
V s
V rmin
/K r
V rmin
/K r
V rmin
V t V rmin
V rmax
/K r
V rmax
/K r
I fd
States:
1 – Efd
2 – Sensed Vt
3 – LL1
4 – LL2
5 – LLU1
6 – LLU2
7 – LLO1
8 – LLO2
V rmin
/K r
5 6
V rmin
/K r
Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

Exciter ESST6B
Exciter ESST6B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation System Model
I FD
V C
1
1+ sT R
2
I LR
K CL
+
−
Σ
K LR
VOEL
(OEL=1)
Alternate OEL Inputs
VOEL
(OEL=2)
V AMAX
K FF
V RMIN
1
0
V T
V RMULT
−
−
+
Σ
V UEL
HV
Gate
+
−
+
Σ
K
PA
V AMIN
+ KIA
sK
s
+ 1 + sT
DA
DA
3 4
V A
+
−
Σ
KM
+
+
Σ
V RMAX
V RMIN
LV
Gate
V R
V B
π
1
1+ sTS
E FD
1
V REF
V S
States
1 - E
FD
2 - Sensed V
3 - PID1
4 - PID2
5 - V
G
t
ESST6B is the same as model ST6B
ESST6B is a PSLF model and ST6B is a PSSE model
V G
5
sKG
1+ sT
G

Exciter ESST7B
Exciter ESST7B
IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation System Model
V DROOP
V
OEL
(OEL=1)
Alternate
OEL Inputs
VOEL
(OEL=2)
V C
1
1+ sT R
1+
sT
1+
sT
G
2 3
F
V S
V SCL
+
+
+
Σ
+
+
+
Σ
LV
Gate
HV
Gate
V MIN
V MAX
V REF_FB
Σ
Σ
K PA
Alternate UEL Inputs
V REF
VUEL
(UEL=1)
VUEL
(UEL=2)
VOEL
(OEL=3)
VUEL
(UEL=3)
VV
T
RMAX
States:
1 – EField
2 – VTerminalSensed
3 – InputLL
4 – LL2
5 – Feedback
VV
T
RMIN
+
Σ
−
HV
Gate
Σ
−
+
LV
Gate
VV
T
RMAX
K L
1+
sT
1+
sT
C
B
4
+
+
Σ
LV
Gate
5
sKIA
1+ sT
IA
HV
Gate
VV
T
RMIN
1
1+ sTS
E FD
1
ESST7B is the same as model ST7B
ESST7B is a PSLF model and ST7B is a PSSE model
K H

Exciter BBSEX1
Exciter BBSEX1
Brown Boveri Static Exciter
V ref
E c
V
+
rmax
_ +
+
V t
EFD max
E fd
2
+
1
+
V rmin
+
V t
EFD min
3
0 Switch = 0
States:
1 – VLL34
2 – Sensed Vt
3 – Feedback
V S
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IVOEX
Exciter IVOEX
IVO Excitation Model
V ref
E c
2
_
+
+
MIN 1
MAX 1
1
MIN 3
MAX 3
3
4
MIN 5
MAX 5
E fd
V S
States:
1 – VLL12
2 – Sensed Vt
3 – VLL34
4 – VLL56
Model supported by PSSE

Exciter EXIVO
Exciter EXIVO
IVO Excitation Model
V ref
V comp
2
_
+
+
MIN 1
MAX 1
1
MIN 3
MAX 3
3
4
MIN 5
MAX 5
E fd
V S
States:
1 – VLL12
2 – Sensed Vt
3 – VLL34
4 – VLL56
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model LHFRT
Low/High Frequency Ride through Generator Protection
Fref
dftrp1 to dftrp10
Frequency ref. in Hz
Delta Frequency Trip Level in p.u.
Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model LHVRT
Low/High Voltage Ride through Generator Protection
Vref
dvtrp1 to dftrp10
Voltage ref. in p.u.
Delta Voltage Trip Level in p.u.
Model supported by PSLF

Governor HYPID
Governor HYPID
Hydro Turbine and Governor
|ds2/dt| 0
1 + sT eeee 2
b
T elec
< 0
R
1
1 + sT bbbbb
6
g min
speed
π
D turb
g
÷
π
_
⬚
+
1
sT w
4
+
⬚
_
π
At
_
+
⬚
P mech
Pv = f(g,b)
hdam
qnl
States:
1 – Ki
2 – RPelec
3 – Gate
4 – Turbine Flow
5 – Derivative
6 - Blade
+
Model supported by PSLF

Governor WT4T
Governor WT4T
Simplified Type-4 (Full Converter) Wind Turbine
P ref
P ref
dP max
P elec
1
_
+
P iin
1 s 2
_
K ii
⬚
K
1 + sT pp+
PP
P iou
_
+
⬚
P ord
dP min
3
sK f
1 + sT f
States:
1 – Pelec
2 – PIOut
3 – Feedback
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer PSSSH
Stabilizer PSSSH
Model for Siemens “H infinity” Power System Stabilizer with Generator Electrical
Power Input
V smax
P e
1
1 + sT d
⬚
1
K 0
+
+
⬚
+
+
⬚
K 1 K 2 K 3
K 4
+
+
⬚
+
+
⬚
K
V smin
V s
_
+
_
1
sT 1
⬚
1
sT 2
2 3 4 5
+
+
+
+
⬚
+
1
1
sT 3 sT 4
⬚
+
States:
1 – Pe
2 – Int1
3 – Int2
4 – Int3
5 – Int4
Model supported by PSLF

Stabilizer IVOST
Stabilizer IVOST
IVO Stabilizer Model
MAX 3
MAX 5
P elec
K 1
A 1 + ss 1
A 2 + sT 2
MAX 1
A 3 + ss 3
A 5 + ss 5
K 3 K 5
1 A 4 + sT 4 2 A 6 + sT 6
MIN 1
MIN 3
3
MIN 5
V OTHSG
States:
1 – VLL12
2 – VLL34
3 – VLL56
Model supported by PSSE

Stabilizer PSS3B
Stabilizer PSS3B
IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer model
V s1
K s1
ss w1
1 + sT 1 1 1 + sT w1
3
V STMAX
+
+ ss w3 1 + sA 1 + s 2 A 2 1 + sA 5 + s 2 A 6
V S
⬚
1 + sT w3
5
1 + sA 3 + s 2 A 4
1 + sA 7 + s 2 A 8
+
6 7 8 9
V STMIN
V s2
K s2
ss w2
1 + sT 2 2 1 + sT w2
4
States:
1 – Input 1
2 – Input 2
3 – Washout 1
4 – Washout 2
5 – Washout 3
6 – Filter 1 Internal
7 – Filter 1 Output
8 – Filter 2 Internal
9 – Filter 2 Output
Model supported by PSLF