Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, Vol. 4, 2001, Special Number ...

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Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, Vol. 4, 2001, Special Number Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Occasion of the 55 th Anniversary of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra reached 10.46 t and in the second 10.63 t · ha -1 . In comparison with the control the increase was about 80% and by 25% in comparison to farmyard manure treatment. Table 1. Yields of dry mass Treatment 1998 1999 2000 Mean Unfertilised control 6.29 5.72 5.60 5.87 P26K66N150 – mineral fertilisation 10.15 11.26 9.97 10.46 Farmyard manure 12.5 t · ha -1 (P7K71N40) 7.90 9.52 7.61 8.34 Farmyard manure 12.5 t · ha -1 (P7K71N40) + P19N110 10.36 11.70 9.84 10.63 The plant abundance in crude protein was generally low. It was due to two facts: fairly late harvest and high production of dry mass. Generally the control sward and the one receiving mineral treatment were the most abundant in protein. The plants of the two other plots had similar amounts of the component and were on an average by 5 g · kg -1 poorer than the sward for the first group. Table 2. Concentration and yields of crude protein Treatment Concentration [g · kg -1 ] Yields [kg · ha -1 ] 1998 1999 2000 Mean 1998 1999 2000 Mean Unfertilised control 95.9 90.5 106.0 96.7 602 520 594 572 P26K66N150 – mineral fertilisation 94.6 88.0 109.2 97.3 960 991 1087 1013 Farmyard manure 12.5 t · ha -1 (P7K71N40) 104.2 81.9 90.0 92.0 822 780 685 762 Farmyard manure 12.5 t · ha -1 (P7K71N40) + 86.7 93.5 99.1 93.1 898 110 974 991 P22N110 The low crude protein output was characteristic of the control plot which produced annually on an average of 572 kg · ha -1 . The sward fertilised solely with farmyard manure, which was placed second, produced by 90 kg more protein. The greatest amounts of this component were collected from plots receiving mineral and organic-and-mineral treatments. The amounts were respectively 1013 and 991 kg · ha -1 and were by 441 and 419 kg higher than the control. Discussion The utilisation of fertiliser components from farmyard manure was very high, higher than from mineral fertilisers. On an average, per 1 kg of PKN in farmyard manure the increases in dry mass yield was 21.5 kg and in crude protein 1.65 kg as compared to 19 kg dry mass and 1.70 kg crude protein with mineral and organic-and-mineral treatment. Such high utilisation of fertiliser components from the farmyard manure by meadow plants should be viewed in connection with considerable rainfall over the vegetation period, when the many year average for this area was about 700 mm. As may be seen from other investigations of the same problem (Mikolajczak and Bartmanski 1992) conduced in drier areas of Poland the utilisation of fertiliser components from FYM was markedly lower, than with organic-and-mineral fertilisation. However, the results presented in the literature (Wesolowski 1995, Jankowska-Huflejt and Niczyporuk 1996) confirm that FYM treatment favours development of the papilionaceous and decreases meadow sward weed infestation. References Jankowska-Huflejt H., Niczyporuk A. (1996); Wplyw wieloletniego nawozenia mineralnego i przemiennego (NPK-obornik) na plonowanie i zawartosc podstawowych składnikow pokarmowych w runi lakowej. Wiad. IMUZ, 18, 7-20. Kasperczyk M., Radkowski A. (1999); Wartosc gospodarcza uzytkow zielonych w rejonie podgorskim. Zeszyty Naukowe AR w Krakowie, 368, 49-56. Mikolajczak Z., Bartmanski A. (1992); Obornik jako uzupełniające nawozenie uzytkow zielonych. Nawozy organiczne. Mat. Konf. "Nawozy organiczne". Szaro L., Kuczek L. (1991); Koszty produkcji pasz na trwalych uzytkach zielonych w terenach gorskich. Biul. Reg. Zakładu Upowszechniania Postepu. Mat. Konf. "Intensyfikacja produkcji na trwalych i przemiennych uzytkach zielonych w rejonach podgorskich i gorskich", 53-64. Wesolowski P. (1991); Wplyw nawozenia organicznego (obornika) i mineralnego na produkcyjnosc laki polozonej na glebie torfowo-murszowej. Mat. Sem. IMUZ Falenty "Badania i wdrozenia w CPBR-10.2.3", 396-413. 43
Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, Vol. 4, 2001, Special Number Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Occasion of the 55 th Anniversary of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM BALANCE OF ALFALFA CROPPING IN CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRITION INTENSITY LEVEL Summary PORVAZ Pavol, TÓTH Štefan, MARCINČINOVÁ Andrea Research Institute of Agroecology Michalovce Research of the alfalfa, PALAVA variety, were solved in the polyfactorial stationary field trial at the Research Institute of Agroecology Michalovce – at experimental basis Vysoká nad Uhom over the years 1996 - 1998. The doses of nutrients were calculated at two different nutrition levels (V1, V2), the no-fertilized control (V3) were included too. At the evaluation of total balance, we were calculated with nutrient consumption and utilised amount of N from the mineral and inorganic fertilizers and soil resources, also. The evaluation shows, that balance is expressive negative. The alfalfa hay yield was achieved following amounts of N- content under different variants of nutrition level: V1 – 1064,13 kg. ha -1 , V2 – 970,70 kg. ha -1 and V3 – 796,27 kg. ha -1 . The values of the negative balance were increased upon the nutrition intensity. The evaluation of total balance of P – contents, which we calculated likewise as in N – case, was more temperate in comparison with N – balance. During three utility years, following amounts was comprised, under different variants of fertilizing: V1 – 102,78 kg. ha -1 , V2 – 94,80 kg. ha -1 and V3 – 91,84 kg. ha -1 . The values of negative balance as well as N – case increased by the nutrition intensity level. The total balance of K – contents were negative, too. This one was more temperate essentially (4,5 times more temperate) in comparison with N – balance, however, 4,5 times higher in comparison with P – balance. The yield of alfalfa was succeded following amounts of K contents, under different variants of fertilizing: V1 – 480,08 kg. ha -1 , V2 – 444,80 kg. ha -1 and V3 – 462,15 kg. ha -1 . The values of negative balance was the highest upon the most intensive variant of nutrition, likewise in N and P – cases, but the lowest values were in variant V2. Key words: alfalfa, nutrient balance, nutrition intensity level, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Introduction Growing of any crops, especially these ones that are economically important, isn’t possible without intensification factors, that ensure adequate fertility and their needed qualitative indexes. At the same time it is necessary to take into account their availability in the relationship to the economy and environment. At growing the most common intensification measure is using fertilizers, in a new conception at the co-operation of a year effect (CIHACEK 1993, HANNAWAY and SHULER 1993, RAUN et al. 1999). These questions are studied by many authors in our country as well as abroad. Especially nitrogen is emphasised as very mobile nutrient, but also some other nutrients and agrotechnical measures (ANDREAS 1996, BURMESTER 1991, ALLEN and ENTZ, 1994, HORN and NEMETH 1991). The aim of this work is to evaluate fertilizing and to check rationality by the influence of environment. Material and methods Research of the alfalfa, PALAVA variety, were solved in polyfactorial stationary field trial at the Research Institute of Agroecology Michalovce – at experimental basis Vysoká nad Uhom over the years 1996 - 1998. The base is situated in the central part of East Slovak Lowland. Field trials were stood on Eutric fluvisol, without irrigation. The crop stands was established by spring sowing, the sowing rate: 7 million of germinating grains per hectare. The direct forecrop of the alfalfa rape was winter wheat. Soil conditions: Eutric fluvisol (EF) - is a middle soil, sandy – loam up to loamy soil. The topsoil has bean shaped structure. According to tests made in autumn 1997 followed characteristics were found out: average Corg contents 2,073%; pH( KCl) 7,14; Ho (bulk soil density) 1532 kg.m -3 ; P 41,85%; cont. part. I. cat. (clay content) over 30%; CaCO3 0,28%; average "S" value 24,1 mmol.100g -1 ; "T" value 24,9 mmol.100g -1 ; "V" value 96,72%. Nutrient supply N- 0,130%; P- 47,7 mg.1000g -1 ; K- 153 mg.1000 g -1 ; Mg- 122 mg.1000g -1 . Nutrient contents of soil samples was evaluated by using special methods: N-contents by colorimetric analysis; P- contents by EGNER method; K- contents by SCHACHTSCHABEL method. Climate conditions: The East Slovak Lowland is situated in the warm, semidry to dry area with the average annual air temperature 9,0 °C, the average air temperature in the growing season is 15,2 °C. Annual total precipitation is 557 mm, in the growing season it is 397 mm. Characteristic of years over the trial: 1996 – temperature expressively under normal, precipitation moderate above normal; 1997 – temperature in normal, precipitation gently under normal; 1998 – temperature expressively under normal, precipitation expressively under normal. The information about basic climate values were acquired at the station of the Slovak Hydro-meteorological Institute that is situated near the field stationary. The detailed meteorological characteristics of the region were published by TÓTH (1998). 44
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