Annotated Bibliography - SSTI

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Title Models to Predict the Economic Development Impact of Transportation Projects: Historical Experience and New Applications Authors Glen Weisbrod Sponsor Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group) Date December, 2007 Pages 25 Category Economic Performance Measures, Modes: All Note Online Summary http://www.edrgroup.com/edr1/bm~doc/models‐to‐predict‐the‐eco.pdf This article provides a historical overview of the connection between transportation and economics, beginning in Roman times and ending with current computerized modeling. It explains that "predictive impact models used for decision‐making should be sensitive to causal factors and elements of access impact known to make a difference in the effect of transportation projects on regional economic growth and development". Discusses a shift from a primary focus on economic benefits of time and cost savings to broader functions of economic development such as accessibility roles in supply chains, labor market expansion, and global trade growth. The report explains how several classes of models have been implemented over time in order to assess economic development and transportation. These include impact models, land use‐development models, macro‐economic models, regional economic simulation models, and local access models. The report examines each of these types and provides a detailed history of a computer based model for each. For instance, it provides an in depth account of REMI Policy Insight (REMI‐PI) to demonstrate a regional simulation model. The first application of the model was to assess transportation and calculate the economic growth impacts of business cost changes for a proposed highway in Wisconsin in 1988. At this time, it was concluded that other models need to be applied along with REMI‐PI in order to yield the most accurate results and an economic geography element was added that modifies regional purchasing patterns dependent on changes in generalized commodity access and labor access indices. Annotated Bibliography Page 38
Title Authors Economic Impact of Public Transportation Investment Glen Weisbrod and Arlee Reno Sponsor American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project J‐11/Task 7 Date October, 2009 Pages 77 Category Economic Performance Measures, Modes: Transit Note Online Summary http://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/economic_impact _of_public_transportation_investment.pdf The report provides insight into investment in public transportation and its effects on economic development in terms of employment, wages, and business income. It provides analysis of five impacts from investment: spending impacts, travel improvement impacts, access improvement impacts, non‐monetary impacts, other economic impact measures. Access impacts, for example, account for “household mobility benefits in terms of access to work, school, health care and/or shopping destinations”. These factors can translate into increased productivity for businesses by enabling access to a broader and diverse labor market and economies of scale from a wider customer market. Provides estimate of GDP increase 20 years after $1 billion of investment in public transportation of $3.5 billion. These benefits are largely derived according to the authors due to 5 key economic benefits from investments in public transportation: “• travel and vehicle ownership cost savings for public transportation passengers and those switching from automobiles, leading to shifts in consumer spending; • reduced traffic congestion for those traveling by automobile and truck, leading to further direct travel cost savings for businesses and households; • business operating cost savings associated with worker wage and reliability effects of reduced congestion; • business productivity gained from access to broader labor markets with more diverse skills, enabled by reduced traffic congestion and expanded transit service areas; and • additional regional business growth enabled by indirect impacts of business growth on supplies and induced impacts on spending of worker wages. At a national level, cost savings and other productivity impacts can affect competitiveness in international markets.” The report provides insight into various analytical tools for assessing economic impact, including an early application of the REMI mode in a Philadelphia SEPTA study that examined the effect of reducing commuter rail service on the movement of jobs from across the river in downtown Philadelphia to New Jersey. The study was widely used in arguments for the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (otherwise known as ISTEA). Annotated Bibliography Page 39
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