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ment (REM) sleep, arousal and sleep paralysis.<br />
The pons contains several cranial nuclei: the<br />
trigeminal nerve sensory and motor nucleus (V), the<br />
motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens<br />
nucleus (VI), the facial nerve nucleus (VII)<br />
and : vestibulocochlear nuclei (VIII). The functions<br />
of these nerves include sensory roles in hearing,<br />
equilibrium, taste, facial sensations; as well as motor<br />
roles in eye movement, facial expressions, chewing,<br />
swallowing, urination, and the secretion of saliva<br />
and tears. Thus, the pons also functions to relay information<br />
from the face, teeth, ear, and eyes and<br />
their subsequent adjustment.<br />
(c) Medulla Oblongata (Medulla)<br />
The medulla oblongata or simply the medulla<br />
controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion,<br />
heart and blood vessel function, vomiting,<br />
swallowing, coughing and sneezing. Motor and sensory<br />
neurons from the midbrain and forebrain travel<br />
through the medulla. It helps relay messages between<br />
various parts of the brain and the spinal cord<br />
and the coordination of body movements.<br />
An important function of the medulla is to help<br />
control the heart rate. Two centers in the medulla<br />
help control the heart rate. The cardio-inhibitory<br />
center via the vagus nerve, causes the release of<br />
acetylcholine, which decreases the heart rate. The<br />
cardio-acceleratory center, via the accelerator<br />
nerve, causes the release of nor-epinephrine, which<br />
increases the heart rate.<br />
(...to be continued in next issue)<br />
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Dr. Marty Eisen is a retired scientist,<br />
who constructed mathematical<br />
models in medicine. He has studied<br />
and taught Judo, Shotokan Karate,<br />
Aikido, Qigong, Praying Mantis<br />
Kung Fu, and Tai Chi in different<br />
places. He took correspondence<br />
courses in Chinese herbology and<br />
studied other branches of Chinese<br />
medicine with a Traditional Chinese<br />
medical doctor. He was the Director<br />
of Education of the Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture<br />
Institute in Upper Darby, P.A. http://home.comcast.net/<br />
~carolezak<br />
26 <strong>Yang</strong>-<strong>Sheng</strong> (Nurturing Life) Volume 2, Issue No. 5
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