Michigan Forest Communities - Michigan Association of ...

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Michigan Forest Communities: A Field Guide and Reference Donald I. Dickmann Department of Forestry Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824-1222 MICHIGAN STATE U N I V E R S I T Y EXTENSION ISBN No. 1-56525-019-2 © Michigan State University Extension, 2004 MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity institution. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family status. • Issued in furtherance of Extension work in agriculture and home economics, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Margaret A. Bethel, Extension director, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48824.
CONTENTS Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A short history of Michigan’s forests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ecology of Michigan forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Glaciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Forest habitat regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Microclimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Community dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Michigan forest community types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 What is a forest community type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 How are forest communities defined?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Forest community types in this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Using this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Checklist of Michigan forest community types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Checklist of trees native to Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Part I. Wetland forest communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1. Southern deciduous (hardwood) swamps and floodplain forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2. Southern relict tamarack swamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3. Northern hardwood-conifer swamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4. Northern rich conifer (cedar) swamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5 Northern conifer bogs and muskegs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3
Page 1: Michigan Forest Communities A Field
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS O ne does not trave
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION Forests are continuall
Page 9 and 10: A SHORT HISTORY OF MICHIGAN FORESTS
Page 11 and 12: ECOLOGY OF MICHIGAN FORESTS • The
Page 13 and 14: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES A f
Page 15 and 16: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES ✔
Page 17 and 18: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES ✔
Page 19 and 20: 1 Southern Deciduous (Hardwood) Swa
Page 21 and 22: WETLAND FOREST COMMUNITIES Distribu
Page 23 and 24: WETLAND FOREST COMMUNITIES • Nort
Page 25 and 26: 3 Northern Hardwood-Conifer Swamps
Page 27 and 28: 4 Northern Rich Conifer (Cedar) Swa
Page 29 and 30: 6 Southern Mesic Deciduous (Maple-B
Page 31 and 32: CLOSED-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNI
Page 33 and 34: Southern Dry-Mesic Oak Forests Sign
Page 35 and 36: 11 Northern Dry-Mesic Pine Forests
Page 37 and 38: Part III. Open-Canopy Upland Forest
Page 39 and 40: Southern Lakeplain Openings Many fo
Page 41 and 42: 18 Southern Oak Barrens R Habitat T
Page 43 and 44: Southern Oak Barrens Northern dewbe
Page 45 and 46: 19 Northern Pine and Oak Barrens R
Page 47 and 48: OPEN-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNITI
Page 49 and 50: Great Lake Barrens Trees in barrens
Page 51 and 52: 21 Northern Balds, Cliffs, and Bedr
Page 53 and 54:
Balds, Cliffs, and Glades Distribut
Page 55 and 56:
OPEN-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNITI
Page 57 and 58:
BIRDS AND MAMMALS ASSOCIATED WITH F
Page 59 and 60:
FIELD GUIDES TO SPECIES IDENTIFICAT
Page 61 and 62:
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Cleland, D.T.
Page 63 and 64:
LATIN NAMES OF SHRUBS, GROUND FLORA
Page 65 and 66:
LATIN NAMES OF SHRUBS, GROUND FLORA
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