Michigan Forest Communities - Michigan Association of ...

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OPEN-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNITIES • Sturgeon Bay, Wilderness State Park (Emmet County west of Mackinaw City). • McCauley’s Point Preserve (southern tip of Donnegal Bay on the west shore of Beaver Island). Uses and management These fragile communities, which provide habitat for dune animals, are to be seen and enjoyed with proper respect. They have no economic use aside from human recreation. The only management necessary is protection from trampling, development, and dune vehicles. Buffalo berry. 132
21 Northern Balds, Cliffs, and Bedrock Glades R Habitat Simply put, these are forests growing on rocks. Balds and glades occur on the thin, sandy soils of exposed igneous or metamorphic bedrock ridgelines and escarpments, which are not common in Michigan. On south-facing exposures, especially, the summer environment is very hot and dry. Cliffs—mostly consisting of limestone or sandstone bedrock— occur along the shores of the Great Lakes. Nowhere are these communities extensive. The forests that grow in these stressful habitats usually are open. Trees are stunted and bonsai-like, and some of them may be many hundreds of years old. The Germans call them krummholz (literally “twisted wood”). Often tree crowns on exposed ridgelines are shaped by the prevailing wind into a flag shape, with few branches protruding on the upwind side and most branches extending downwind. 133
Page 1 and 2: Michigan Forest Communities A Field
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Acknowledgments . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS O ne does not trave
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION Forests are continuall
Page 9 and 10: A SHORT HISTORY OF MICHIGAN FORESTS
Page 11 and 12: ECOLOGY OF MICHIGAN FORESTS • The
Page 13 and 14: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES A f
Page 15 and 16: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES ✔
Page 17 and 18: MICHIGAN FOREST COMMUNITY TYPES ✔
Page 19 and 20: 1 Southern Deciduous (Hardwood) Swa
Page 21 and 22: WETLAND FOREST COMMUNITIES Distribu
Page 23 and 24: WETLAND FOREST COMMUNITIES • Nort
Page 25 and 26: 3 Northern Hardwood-Conifer Swamps
Page 27 and 28: 4 Northern Rich Conifer (Cedar) Swa
Page 29 and 30: 6 Southern Mesic Deciduous (Maple-B
Page 31 and 32: CLOSED-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNI
Page 33 and 34: Southern Dry-Mesic Oak Forests Sign
Page 35 and 36: 11 Northern Dry-Mesic Pine Forests
Page 37 and 38: Part III. Open-Canopy Upland Forest
Page 39 and 40: Southern Lakeplain Openings Many fo
Page 41 and 42: 18 Southern Oak Barrens R Habitat T
Page 43 and 44: Southern Oak Barrens Northern dewbe
Page 45 and 46: 19 Northern Pine and Oak Barrens R
Page 47 and 48: OPEN-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNITI
Page 49: Great Lake Barrens Trees in barrens
Page 53 and 54: Balds, Cliffs, and Glades Distribut
Page 55 and 56: OPEN-CANOPY UPLAND FOREST COMMUNITI
Page 57 and 58: BIRDS AND MAMMALS ASSOCIATED WITH F
Page 59 and 60: FIELD GUIDES TO SPECIES IDENTIFICAT
Page 61 and 62: ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Cleland, D.T.
Page 63 and 64: LATIN NAMES OF SHRUBS, GROUND FLORA
Page 65 and 66: LATIN NAMES OF SHRUBS, GROUND FLORA

Michigan Forest Communities - Michigan Association of ...

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