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Prevention The trend towards drawing up and implementing standardised prevention programmes has continued. Parallel to this, specific activities have been pursued to address children and young people for whom the risk of addiction is elevated, and proven programmes have been expanded to include additional target groups. For instance, now interventions in school settings more often aim at students in lower secondary schools and polytechnic schools. Moderated talks have been organised in private contexts in order to get into contact with parents who cannot easily be addressed otherwise. New activities undertaken in the reporting period have focused on young people taking part in programmes of the Public Employment Service, as well as early detection and early intervention. Problem Drug Use According to the most recent prevalence estimates of problem drug use (which in Austria primarily means poly-drug use with opioids), in Austria the number of problem drug users was between 25 000 and 37 000 in 2009. Compared to other data, this permits the conclusion that the prevalence rates have remained at similar levels in recent years. Another estimate indicates between 12 5000 and 18 500 problem drug users in Austria, with injecting as their preferred mode of administration. Drug-related Treatment: Treatment Demand and Treatment Availability As the number of doctors delivering opioid substitution treatment has shown a decline, the supply situation has become very critical in several regions. At provincial level, remuneration agreements have been concluded and restructuring measures adopted in order to improve the situation, which has not always had the desired effect, however. While the amendment to the Narcotic Drugs Decree adopted in December 2009 has undoubtedly increased the acceptance of the regulations for opioid substitution treatment, it will not be clear before the end of 2010 whether this has improved the motivation of established doctors to deliver opioid substitution treatment. Generally speaking, a trend towards integrated addiction treatment and support services as well as individualised treatment has shown. Massive deficits are still found with regard to services for older drug users as well as young people, in particular in the field of inpatient treatment. Recent data from treatment services confirm that opioids continue to predominate as primary drugs and that a significant share of clients tends to snort opioids when they start to use these substances. Further analyses of gender differences show that women, contrary to several sources, are not underrepresented in drug support and treatment centres. For women, the risk of developing patterns of problem drug use IV © GÖG/ÖBIG, <strong>Report</strong> on the Drug Situation 2010
seems to be smaller, and apparently their prognosis is better as far as quitting is concerned. Health Correlates and Consequences The data quality regarding drug-related deaths and infectious diseases continues to be a problem and hardly permits statements on trends. In order to improve the situation, uniform guidelines for autopsies have been prepared, but the problem that autopsies are not performed in all cases of suspected drug-related deaths still remains. In 2009, a total number of 187 directly drug-related deaths could be verified, but there is another 19 cases which may possibly be drug-related. First results are available regarding directly drug-related deaths (i.e. death caused by overdoses) among people entering opioid substitution treatment between 2000 and 2008: the mortality rate is between 4.6 and 6.9 deaths per 1 000 person years. The mortality rate of women is significantly lower than the mortality rate of men. The harm reduction interventions undertaken have primarily focused on hepatitis vaccination programmes, on improved treatment of infectious diseases and on specific services for pregnant users of opioids (aimed at raising their awareness of their own state of health and reducing adverse effects on the babies’ health). Social Correlates and Social Reintegration Drug users still face social problems such as homelessness and unemployment, and also high debts, but if specific measures are taken these problems could be reduced. In 2009, the focus was placed on finding employment in line with the clients’ needs as well as linking addiction and housing services. Furthermore, additional spare-time activities were organised to promote social reintegration. Drug-related Crime, Prevention of Drug-related Crime, and Prison The number of reports to the police because of drug offences has increased in the reporting year, with a more pronounced rise showing with regard to misdemeanours compared to felonies. A massive increase is also found in temporary waivers of reports as well as alternatives to punishment, paralleled by a decline in convictions. In prisons, OST is the most important form of drug treatment: here a general rise in the number of prisoner in treatment has shown. Drug Markets Cannabis continues to be the predominant substance seized, while ‘research chemicals’ have played an increasingly important role in the party and clubbing scenes. These substances are not controlled but also have psychoactive effects, which are Summary V
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Page 12 and 13: Tables and Figures Tables Table 6.1
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cooperation structures linking the
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events are organised, and on the ot
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5.3 Characteristics of treated clie
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play the most important role in the
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existing treatment system who do no
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5.4 Trends of clients in treatment
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Figure 5.7 First substitution treat
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6 Health Correlates and Consequence
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Table 6.1 Data on hepatitis B, hepa
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ange from affective disorders (e.g.
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Figure 6.1 Share of directly drug-r
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In the EMCDDA working group on coho
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7 Responses to Health Correlates an
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7.2 Prevention and treatment of dru
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distribution of condoms) is provide
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information on the risks of additio
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While smaller shares of women state
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Map 8.1 Specialised providers of in
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The Lighthouse housing project of M
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empowerment that had been aimed at,
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handling of drugs: Section 27 of th
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also shows regarding prison sentenc
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Stadtpark, and Westbahnhof station.
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mation on final convictions because
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practitioners and psychiatrists). I
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10 Drug Markets The substance most
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head shop in Graz (Styria) in Augus
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(from 2005 to 2008, the correspondi
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Part B Selected Issues
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national quality standards for medi
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Also, both at federal and provincia
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Table 11.1, continued Title and yea
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Plans for new guidelines and standa
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12 Cost of Drug-related Treatment T
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centres so far (Schweizer Haus Hade
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greatest percentage of the respecti
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(e.g., days of hospital stay becaus
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Bibliography APA 2010. AIDS 2010. W
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EMCDDA 2000. Treatment demand indic
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Haas, S. (2005). Problembewusste Fr
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Pont, J.; Wool, R. (2006). Ein Leit
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VIVID 2010. Jahresbericht 2009. VIV
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Personal Communications (alphabetic
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Caritas Marienambulanz. Drug relate
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Low threshold service Ganslwirt (Ve
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Viennese pilot project “Pregnancy
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Lower Austria: Fachstelle für Such
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Caritas Innsbruck http://www.carita
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Otto-Wagner-Spital — Drogeninstit
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Annex A. Tables, Map B. List of Abb
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Table A1 Overview of selected gener
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Table A2, continued Study (author(s
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Table A5 Number of directly drug-re
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Table A7 Distribution of directly d
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Table A11 Distribution of reports o
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Table A15 Final convictions under t
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Table A18 Seizures of narcotic drug
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Table A22 Persons starting drug tre
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Table A29 Current health problems o
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The programme plus is implemented i
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Proven regional interventions run f
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Table A34 Austrian population stati
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Annex B List of Abbreviations
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HCV HCV-Ab HCV-RNA HIV ICD-10 IFES
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List of Standard Tables of 2010 and
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© Gesundheit Österreich GmbH Stub
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