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Table 6.1 Data on hepatitis B, hepatitis C-Ab, hepatitis C-RNA and HIV infection rates, in 2009 Data source HBV rate HCV-Ab rate HIV rate Lukasfeld treatment department 23% (14/60) 1 33% (20/60) 3% (2/60) Long-term treatment department at 18% (15/82) 2 43% (35/82) 0% (0/82) Anton Proksch Institute (API) Low-threshold centre Ganslwirt 9% (5/55) 3 70% (51/74) 0% (0/ 79) Caritas Marienambulanz outpatient department 15% (19/123) 4 70% (86/123) 1% (1/123) DOKLI 5 14% (45/332) 55% (238/435) 2% (8/424) Drug-related deaths (intoxications) 2009 n.a. 18% (34/187) 5 45% (34/76) 5% (9/187) 12% (9/76) 1 This percentage relates to persons in whom antibodies to hepatitis B were found and whose medical history did not indicate hepatitis B vaccinations. 2 This percentage relates to persons in whom antibodies to hepatitis B were found and for whom it was established that they had not received vaccinations or been cured. 3 This percentage relates to persons in whom hepatitis B antibodies or antigens were found and who had not yet received hepatitis B vaccinations. 4 This percentage relates to persons in whom both HBVc and HBVs antibodies were found. People who tested positive only for antiHBVs were excluded because this results from HBV vaccinations. 5 Only 76 out of a total number of 187 expert opinions on directly drug-related deaths explicitly mentioned the presence or absence of HCV Ab or HIV infections. In the remaining cases it is not clear whether no tests for the relevant infections were carried out or whether the results were negative and thus not mentioned. The two percentages given therefore indicate maximum and minimum levels of HCV and HIV infection prevalence rates. Sources: Duspara, Stolz-Gombocz, Haltmayer, Anderwald, Bauer, personal communications; GÖG/ÖBIG 2010a, GÖG/ÖBIG 2010c; see also ST9; representation by GÖG/ÖBIG For Vienna, data on drug-related infectious diseases that have been obtained from cases histories are given in the section on current health problems of the BADO report (see Table A29 in the Annex; IFES 2009b). The information provided by clients for Vienna’s BADO documentation indicates a HCV prevalence rate of 29% and a HBV prevalence rate of 3%, i.e., prevalence has remained at a level similar to previous years. HIV prevalence, also based on information by the clients themselves, has hardly changed as well: it is 4% now (IFES 2009b). An almost linear correlation between rises in hepatitis C infections and age of clients has shown: while the prevalence rate is 10% among clients under 21, it goes up to 40% among clients over 30. Because of the study design, it is not possible to distinguish between positive test results for HCV antibodies and a positive HCV RNA status. No data from the official reporting statistics of infectious diseases relating to the general population have yet been available for 2009 (see GÖG/ÖBIG 2009b). 56 © GÖG/ÖBIG, <strong>Report</strong> on the Drug Situation 2010
The reports from the long-term national AIDS statistics show that injecting use is the third-most risky situation (10 cases) after heterosexual contacts (n = 25) and homosexual contacts (n = 17). In 2009, seven cases were filed as ‘other/unknown’. The statistics on AIDS deaths by risk situation and year show that less than one third out of a total of 19 deaths listed were related to injecting drug use (BMG 2010a; see Table A3 in Annex A). Data on other drug-related infections are available only for tuberculosis (TB). No person out of 208 for whom tuberculosis entries exist in the corresponding DOKLI data set (see Chapter 5.3) had a positive TB diagnosis, two cases had already been registered before. These figures again confirm that TB is no relevant problem among clients receiving drug treatment services. The TB vaccination rate given is based on the data of 238 people. The latest data again point to a low TB vaccination coverage: it was 5% in both 2008 and 2009 (GÖG/ÖBIG 2009a; GÖG/ÖBIG 2010a). The DOKLI data set on hepatitis A vaccinations includes 359 people, and regarding hepatitis B vaccinations, 493 people. The vaccination coverage of 28% for hepatitis A and 33% for hepatitis B is in fact small. However, among people under 20, higher vaccination rates have been registered than in the other age groups (see GÖG/ÖBIG 2010a). The above HBV vaccination coverage rates are similar to the rates communicated by the inpatient departments of Lukasfeld (27%) and API (34%) but not by the Marienambulanz low-threshold centre (10%; see ST9). The figures reported generally reflect previous vaccinations rather than the actual status of immunisation (GÖG/ÖBIG 2009a). 6.2 Other drug-related health correlates and consequences In a diploma thesis, 58 clients living at the Erlenhof treatment centre were surveyed by means of a standardised questionnaire, which focused on their state of health and in particular their psychological situation (Porstmann 2009, see Chapter 5.2) Three out of four respondents indicated memory and concentration problems, and around half of clients said they suffered from severe depression. More than 50% indicated anxiety and feelings of tension, and approximately one out of three suffered from aggression they could not control. One third of respondents already had attempted suicide at least once: suicide attempts were found considerably more often among women than among men (Porstmann 2009). The DOKLI data also provide information on psychiatric comorbidity (see Chapter 5.3). In 183 out of 347 people (53%) for whom at least one ICD-10 diagnosis not related to addiction was entered, a mental and behavioural disorder was found. The diagnoses Chapter 6 / Health Correlates and Consequences 57
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Report on the Drug
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Prevention The trend towards drawin
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hardly known. This makes it impossi
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6 Health Correlates and Consequence
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Tables and Figures Tables Table 6.1
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Table A22 Table A23 Table A24 Table
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Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2 Figure 9.3 Fi
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Part A New Developments and Trends
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Plans for new guidelines and standa
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12 Cost of Drug-related Treatment T
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centres so far (Schweizer Haus Hade
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greatest percentage of the respecti
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(e.g., days of hospital stay becaus
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Bibliography APA 2010. AIDS 2010. W
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EMCDDA 2000. Treatment demand indic
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Haas, S. (2005). Problembewusste Fr
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Pont, J.; Wool, R. (2006). Ein Leit
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VIVID 2010. Jahresbericht 2009. VIV
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Personal Communications (alphabetic
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Caritas Marienambulanz. Drug relate
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Low threshold service Ganslwirt (Ve
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Viennese pilot project “Pregnancy
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Lower Austria: Fachstelle für Such
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Caritas Innsbruck http://www.carita
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Otto-Wagner-Spital — Drogeninstit
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Annex A. Tables, Map B. List of Abb
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Table A1 Overview of selected gener
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Table A2, continued Study (author(s
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Table A5 Number of directly drug-re
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Table A7 Distribution of directly d
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Table A11 Distribution of reports o
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Table A15 Final convictions under t
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Table A18 Seizures of narcotic drug
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Table A22 Persons starting drug tre
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Table A29 Current health problems o
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The programme plus is implemented i
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Proven regional interventions run f
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Table A34 Austrian population stati
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Annex B List of Abbreviations
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HCV HCV-Ab HCV-RNA HIV ICD-10 IFES
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List of Standard Tables of 2010 and
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