Nakamura, Digitizing Race, Introduction, chapter 5, Epilogue

Notes
Introduction
1. Shaviro, Connected, 88.
2. Omi and Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 151.
3. Stratton, “Cyberspace and the Globalization of Culture,” 726.
4. Prashad, Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting, 38.
5. Oliver, Witnessing, 166.
6. Robert G. Lee, Orientals, 160.
7. Boliek, “Powell Leaves Mixed Legacy as FCC Chair.”
8. It is important to note that computers became associated with forms of liberation
as a result of the work of journalists like Howard Rheingold and impresarios
such as Stewart Brand of the Whole Earth Catalog, who advocated the technology
as a way of defying mainstream culture. See Frederick Turner’s fascinating work on
this history in From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth
Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism.
9. Omi and Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 46.
10. All citations are from the October questionnaire.
11. Sterne’s work in The Audible Past on digital sound emphasizes the ways that the
digital exceeds the purely visual. This concern that visual studies leaves out considerations
of sound is shared by Mieke Bal, who cautions in his essay “Visual Essentialism
and the Object of Visual Culture” that visual culture studies needs to expand its objects
of study by examining extravisual elements and their relation to visuality.
12. Cartright, “Film and the Digital in Visual Studies,” 420.
13. Bolter, Grusin, and NetLibrary Inc., Remediation; Persson, “Cinema and
Computers.”
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