Nakamura, Digitizing Race, Introduction, chapter 5, Epilogue

218 Notes to Chapter 3
3. Haraway, Modest_Witness, 259. For another excellent reading of SimEve visà-vis
the alterations that digital imaging has wrought on concepts of visualizing
race, see Hammonds, “New Technologies of Race.”
4. Haraway, Modest_Witness, 219.
5. See McPherson, “I’ll Take My Stand in Dixie-Net,” for an outstanding
exception.
6. Dyer, White, 9.
7. Ibid., 80.
8. Pisters, The Matrix of Visual Culture, 11.
9. This could be seen as a commentary on the political economy of the Internet.
While the networking technology companies that drove the 1990s boom seemed to
identify themselves with youth rather than age, in the end that identification was
discarded as part of the backlash against utopian cyberculture; while its engineers
and programmers may have been young in the early nineties, its captains of industry
are no longer distinguished in that way. David Silver’s work on “Theglobe.com” is a
good example of this.
10. See Nelson, “Introduction: Future Texts,” for an excellent description of
Afro-futurism.
11. Ebert, “The Matrix Reloaded.”
12. Scott, “The Matrix: Revolutions.”
13. See Flanagan, “Mobile Identities,” for a further discussion. See also the film
Simone (2002) for a vivid example of a “synthespian.”
14. Shaviro, Connected, 13.
15. Dyer, White, 10.
16. Manovich, The Language of New Media, 49.
17. See Bahng, “Queering the Matrix.” Bahng writes that the “final fight scene
culminates in Neo and Smith becoming one, in a moment that focuses in on an
intimate exchange of internal processes. Neo does not explode Smith as he did at
the end of the first Matrix. Instead, he learns Smith’s power of viral replication,
which has served as a foil to heteronormative reproduction throughout the entire
film” (n.p.).
18. Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation, 1.
19. West, Race Matters, 38.
20. Ibid., 39.
21. Kuhn, “Introduction: Cultural Theory and Science Fiction Cinema,” 10.
22. See Chun’s discussion of interfaces and race in Control and Freedom.
23. Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women, 174.
24. Ibid.
25. Fusco and Wallis, Only Skin Deep, 16.
26. Gilman, “Black Bodies, White Bodies,” 224.
27. Ibid., 228.
28. See Parrenas, Servants of Globalization, on the racialized and gendered division
of labor in late capitalism.
29. Dyer, White, 80.
30. The Apple iPod advertisements were created by Chiat/Day. The photoshopsupport.com
Web site features a tutorial that instructs users how to use the application