Understanding Neutron Radiography

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TABLE 1. Comparison of X-ray and thermal neutron attenuation. a. Other materials relatively transparent to thermal neutrons include gold, silver, platinum, titanium, silicon, tin and zinc. b. Other materials relatively opaque to thermal neutrons include hydrogenous oils, plastics, rubbers, explosives and light elements boron and lithium. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
2.2 <strong>Neutron</strong> Collimation Because the source of thermal neutrons is a dispersed moderator volume, rather than a point source, it is necessary to use a collimator between the source and the object. In preference to a single tube parallel sided collimator or a multiple slit collimator, the most frequently used design uses divergent beam geometry. The collimator may be used to extract a beam in any one of a variety of different geometries including horizontal or vertical, radial or tangential to the source. A collimator that is tangential to the source can provide a thermal neutron beam relatively free of fast neutron and gamma ray contamination. An incidental consequence of the divergent collimator principal is that even very large objects can be radiographed using an array of side-by-side films (Fig. 3). Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2: Understanding Neutron Radiography R
Page 3 and 4: Neutron Source-Cyclotron Charlie Ch
Page 5 and 6: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 7 and 8: 3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
Page 11 and 12: Greek Alphabet Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 15 and 16: Why Neutron Radiography? "finding l
Page 17 and 18: ■ http://minerals.usgs.gov/minera
Page 19 and 20: Screen Types-1 1. Transfer screen-i
Page 21 and 22: IVONA TTS Capable. Charlie Chong/ F
Page 23 and 24: Reading-1 ASNTHBVol4Chapter16 Charl
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 1. Electric bridge wire squi
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 1. Electric bridge wire squi
Page 29 and 30: FIGURE 2. Comparison of neutron rad
Page 31 and 32: User’s Guide Unlike many other fo
Page 33: PART 2. Static Radiography with The
Page 37 and 38: The source of thermal neutrons is a
Page 39 and 40: Parallel & Divergent Collimator - F
Page 41 and 42: 5.1 Neutron cross sections Neutron
Page 43 and 44: The established direct imaging tech
Page 45 and 46: FIGURE 4. Neutron radiographs of nu
Page 47 and 48: FIGURE 4. Neutron radiographs of nu
Page 49 and 50: ASTM E803 - 91(2013) Standard Test
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 5. Representative neutron ra
Page 53 and 54: Another reactor that has provided n
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 7. Hot cell fuel inspection
Page 57 and 58: Hot cell Shielded nuclear radiation
Page 59 and 60: Applications: Hot cells are used to
Page 61 and 62: Hot Cell Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 69 and 70: FIGURE 8. Cross section showing van
Page 71 and 72: FIGURE 9. Components of mobile deut
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 10. Californium-252 sources
Page 75 and 76: FIGURE 11. Elevation of subcritical
Page 77 and 78: Californium-252 Neutron Source Char
Page 79 and 80: PART 3. Special Techniques of Neutr
Page 81 and 82: Other reactor centers have develope
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TABLE 2. Relative neutron attenuati
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FIGURE 14. Neutron radiographs of e
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The technique can provide high sens
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3.5 Neutron Gaging and Neutron Prob
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3.6 Closing Industry standards have
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Reading-2 ASNTNRTMQA123 Level-I Cha
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Level 1 Answers Neutron Radiographi
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Q1. Neutron penetration is greatest
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Q6. Many of the absorption differen
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Q11. Gadolinium conversion screens
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The neutrons transmitted through a
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Q20. For inspection of radioactive
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Q24. A graph showing the relationsh
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Q30. Which of the following materia
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Q34. Movement, geometry, and screen
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Q39. An Image Quality Indicator is
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TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Practical
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Q45. In the converter screen techni
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Q50. The primary advantage of using
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More Reading- before going further!
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7. IMAGE RECORDERS The neutron radi
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7.1. PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM 7.1.1. Conve
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TABLE 7.1. Nuclear properties of ne
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TABLE 7.2. Transmittance and film d
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However, the shape of the curves fo
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7.1.4. Film contrast. In discussing
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Figure 7.1. Characteristic curve of
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The slope of a curve at a particula
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Figure 7.3. Characteristic curve of
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7.1.5. Film sensitivity (film speed
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TABLE 7.3. Approximate comparison o
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Figure 7.4. Typical signal-exposure
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Close inspection of the gadolinium
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TABLE 7.4. The characteristics of s
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To make an informed choice of imagi
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TADLE 7.5. Some characlcrislics of
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TADLE 7.8. Average exposure data fo
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where E is the electronic fluence c
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7.2. NITROCELLULOSE FILM 7.2.1. Fil
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In relation to thermal NR, the foll
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7.2.2. Film handling and safety pre
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Following recommendations and regul
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7.2.3. Exposure techniques and moun
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TABLE 7.9. Neutron fluences for nit
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The multifoil technique in fast NR
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The image generation in silver-hali
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Q51. Neutron beams used in nondestr
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Q56. High-resolution gadolinium con
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Q61. Which element is commonly used
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Q63. Lead is: a. a good neutron shi
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69. The emulsion side of a single-c
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72. Single-emulsion high-resolution
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77. Frilling 皱边 , 脱模 or l
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81. When manually processing films,
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85. Water spots on films can be min
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89. An advantage of the fountain-pe
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91. The average thermal neutron flu
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96. Overexposure to neutron or gamm
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100. The intensity of gamma rays is
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Q106. To achieve uniformity in neut
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TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
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111. A main disadvantage of gadolin
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115. To an Operational Health Physi
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The neutrons transmitted through a
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
Page 221 and 222:
Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Neutron Radiography

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