Reiman, ‘Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty’Sorell, Moral Theory and Capital PunishmentSteiker, ‘No, Capital Punishment is not Morally Required’Sunstein and Vermeule, ‘Is Capital Punishment Morally Required?’van den Haag, ‘The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense’van den Haag and Conrad, The Death PenaltyWaldron, ‘Lex Talionis’The Obligation to Obey the <strong>Law</strong>:Gans, Philosophical Anarchism and Political DisobedienceGreen, The Authority <strong>of</strong> the StateGreenawalt, Conflicts <strong>of</strong> <strong>Law</strong> and MoralityHarris (ed), On Political ObligationHobbes, LeviathanHorton, Political ObligationHurd, Moral CombatKlosko, The Principle <strong>of</strong> Fairness and Political ObligationKramer, In Defense <strong>of</strong> Legal PositivismLocke, Second Treatise <strong>of</strong> GovernmentRaz, The Authority <strong>of</strong> <strong>Law</strong>Simmons, Moral Principles and Political ObligationsSoper, A Theory <strong>of</strong> <strong>Law</strong>PAPER 32. COMMERCIAL EQUITY1. Core Principles <strong>of</strong> Express Trusts and their ‘Offshore Challenge’(i)The juridical nature and function <strong>of</strong> the trust; trusts in organisational theory, including competing governancestructures for asset management through corporations and agency.Proprietary vs. contractarian aspects <strong>of</strong> trust. The relevance <strong>of</strong> default rules and the express drafting <strong>of</strong> trustterms. A discussion <strong>of</strong> which mandatory rules flow from which aspect.2. The ‘Irreducible Core’ <strong>of</strong> Trusteeship and Public Policy Controls on the Operation <strong>of</strong> Trusts(ii)The possibility <strong>of</strong> an ‘irreducible core’ content <strong>of</strong> trusteeship in English law (in terms <strong>of</strong> duties to account and toact in good faith; supervision by a court; enforcement by beneficiaries and limits on duration by the rule againstperpetuities).The extent to which these can be abrogated in England by exemption clauses and ousters <strong>of</strong> rights toinformation.The basis <strong>of</strong> rights to information in English and Commonwealth law, including access to letters <strong>of</strong> wishes.The adequacy <strong>of</strong> the rights. Implications for trustee accountability and beneficiary enforcement.3. Equitable Regulation in a Commercial Context106
(iii) Policing Commercial DealingsThe standards <strong>of</strong> conduct (primarily equitable) imposed upon parties to anticipated or actual commercialdealings. Against the backdrop <strong>of</strong> international standards proposed in the UNIDROIT Principles <strong>of</strong>International Commercial Contracts: 2004, the law in common law jurisdictions will be compared andcontrasted as it bears on pre-contractual behaviour, on contract formation, performance and enforcement, andon extra-contractual and post-contractual behaviour. The principal doctrines to be considered are:(a) unconscionable dealing/unconscionable conduct;(b) estoppel in equity (promissory estoppel: USA);(c) ‘good faith and fair dealing’;(d) confidentiality; and(e) the fiduciary principle.Themes to be emphasised are risk assumption and risk allocation, fidelity to a bargain, reasonableexpectations and litigation certainty and costs.The issues to be covered include:liabilities for pre-contractual wrongs, eg misappropriation <strong>of</strong> the contractual opportunity;unconscionability and contract formation and enforcement: Has it any place in dealings between commercialparties (eg franchisor and franchisee)?fidelity to the bargain and judicial review <strong>of</strong> the exercise <strong>of</strong> contractual powers and discretions, eg to vary orterminate a long-term contract;departure from the strict terms <strong>of</strong> the contract.4. Fiduciary Doctrines(a)(b)(c)(d)The nature <strong>of</strong> ‘fiduciary duties’ and their defining difference from other legal duties.The function <strong>of</strong> fiduciary duties (including discussion <strong>of</strong> the philosophical and economic justifications forfiduciary doctrine).The incidence and application <strong>of</strong> fiduciary duties and the appropriateness <strong>of</strong> recognising them in commercialsettings.Remedies: (1) relationship between legal and equitable liability to compensate for losses; (2) relevance <strong>of</strong>contributory negligence; (3) exemplary awards; (4) proprietary remedies through constructive trusts.5. PensionsBasic structure <strong>of</strong> pensions trusts; their similarities and differences from traditional private trusts. Statutory regulation<strong>of</strong> terms. Review <strong>of</strong> discretions in pension schemes. Oversight <strong>of</strong> the operation <strong>of</strong> pension trusts by regulators.Funding and deficits.READINGThere is no main textbook for the course, and students will be expected to examine set reading provided by the lecturers,as well as engaging in their own studies.By way <strong>of</strong> introduction, students from a civilian background would be advised to read:107
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ContentsGeneral InformationOfficers
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Settlement of International Dispute
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Faculty AdministrationFaculty Offic
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The Faculty of LawLaw has been stud
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The LLM Degree. This degree is awar
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Opening Hours:Full Term: Monday to
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Rules Made by the Information Strat
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The Lauterpacht Centre for Internat
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Centre for Corporate and Commercial
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Cambridge Socio-Legal GroupThe Camb
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Dates of Faculty Board Meetings7 Oc
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Proceed with caution in reaching fo
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Faculty CommunicationEach year, the
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Law Tripos Part IA. A candidate for
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Prizes. The following prizes may be
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PAPER 2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAWA. The a
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Oliver, Constitutional Reform (2003
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Hedley, Tort (6th ed 2008)Weir, An
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3. Trusts and co-ownership: Concurr
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Brownlie, Principles of Internation
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Elliott, Constitutional Foundations
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Contract: covenant and debt; assump
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Statutes:Blackstone’s Statutes on
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For reference:Birks and Pretto (ed)
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Foster, EU Legislation (2010-2011)B
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