Technology Today Volumn 3 Issue 1 - Raytheon

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RF COMMUNICATIONS Continued from page 13 RF Communications — Today Raytheon is currently involved in the development of the following systems which employ RF technologies: • EPLRS – Secure anti-jam mobile data radio – Backbone of the Tactical Internet – Situation Awareness Data Link (SADL) – Weapon data links (AMSTE, JDAM) – JTRS Cluster 1 waveform implementation • Networking Technology – FCS-Comms – DARPA research and development programs – Directional antennas – Protocol development – Information Assurance – Modeling and Simulation • Wideband Data Links – USC-28(V) – DECS – Netfires – Tactical Tomahawk Satellite Data Link Terminal (SDLT) • Large Scale System Engineering & Integration – DD(X) – Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) satellite communication system – Peace Shield (Saudi Arabia BMC4I system) – MC2A – Data fusion – SLAMRAAM • Battlespace Digitization – Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) – Army and Marine Tactical Internet Architecture – Tactical Routers (MicroRouter) – Bosnia Defense Initiative – Operation Enduring Freedom – Operation Iraqi Freedom • Radios – Software Defined Radio technology (SCA, JTRS) – EPLRS – MBMMR – ARC-231 14 RF Communications — The Future In the future, Network-Centric Battlefield communications will involve the networking of all radio/comm links in a massive, interconnected network, similar to the World Wide Web, except it will be entirely wireless. This network will be able to exchange information from a warfighter on the ground to a satellite, airplane, ship or sensor. Networks will be ad-hoc and “selfhealing” in the event of node failures. Raytheon is a major participant in the definition and development of the Network-Centric Battlefield through programs such as Netfires and JTRS. We were the prime contractor in the development of the Core Framework for the Software Communications Architecture for the JTRS program. Increasing mission requirements are putting additional demands on future military communications, including broader frequency coverage (2 MHz to greater than 2 GHz) and broadband transmit and receive chains with high speed analog to digital converters in the 1 Gsps range and higher, resulting in digital hardware being positioned closer to the antenna as this technology matures. Antennas will become arrays in order to incorporate Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) for nullifying jammers and interference. Frequencies will move to the KA band. These new radios will incorporate frequency-agile waveforms that will permit operation in dense cosite environments. Radios and datalinks will become Network-centric battlefield communications will involve the networking of all radio/comm links in a massive, interconnected network, similar to the World Wide Web, except it will be entirely wireless. software definable, allowing reconfiguration on the fly and easy upgrades to new modes and waveforms. JTRS emphasizes an “open” architecture for easy software reprogramming, which will allow users to access newly developed waveforms and communication protocols without changing radios. This provides the tactical user with all essential communications within a single unit. In support of the Network-Centric Battlefield, Raytheon is developing the technology for including a radio/link on every platform through the Miniature Low Cost Data Link (MLCDL) program. Raytheon builds satellite modems (a form of data link), voice communication radios and NetFires Enables NLOS Network Centric Control of Missiles In-flight Non-Line-of-Sight Launcher System (NLOS-LS/NetFires) is the Army’s first netcentric weapon system for indirect fires and has the potential to make possible revolutionary changes in future combat. For the first time, commanders will be able to deploy a fully networked missile beyond the line of sight and exercise real-time control over the missile while in flight. The missile — as part of a communications network — can communicate potential target reports, battle damage information and target imagery to the net in real-time while in flight to the target area, loitering over it or when attacking the target. The network connection allows the warfighter to direct a missile in flight, provide target location updates for movers or receive a “laser target” command from the missile once it enters the search area, all with minimum latency.
emote battlefield sensors to sense troop movements and relay the information to central command. In future urban warfare situations, a network of sensors will be used to detect and report enemy combatants. This network will relay information from one sensor to the other to enhance the sensor coverage area. This will be a major part of the Network-Centric Battlefield concept. Raytheon additionally uses its communications expertise to support products for gathering signals for intelligence purposes. Another planned initiative involves the development of the Future Combat System- Communications (FCS-C), designed to seamlessly integrate ad-hoc mobile networking with adaptive full spectrum, high data rate low-band (~10 Mbps) and high data rate high-band (~72 Mbps) communications, with both bands employing adaptive beam-forming antenna technology. The Raytheon Team’s FCS-C system design will provide assured, networked high data rate, low probability of intercept/detection, and anti-jam (LPI/LPD/AJ) networked communications. This will facilitate on-the-move communications in restrictive (forested, mountainous, urban) terrain engagements for potential use in various types of robotic and manned FCS vehicles. This is a quantum leap from currently deployed systems capabilities which: • Are limited to frequencies well below 1 Mbps, • Do not employ “smart antenna” technology, adaptive waveforms, nor a high-band subsystem that can be integrated with low band • Do not have reliable, ad-hoc, mobile-to-mobile networking. This communications system will create a tactical information grid that will support network-centric operations for all FCS vehicles. By integrating both low- and highband radios with dynamic antenna beamforming technology (in an adaptive ad-hoc mobile network), the FCS Unit Cell is fully equipped to demonstrate superior command, control, situational awareness, mobility, lethality, survivability and supportability for the FCS Objective Force. ■ GPS and Navigation Systems— The RF Challenge Military GPS receiver RF designs have always presented unique challenges. Early GPS RF designs relied upon dual and triple conversion schemes to down-convert the GPS L1 and L2 signals (1-2 GHz) to either IF or base band, prior to signal correlation and demodulation. These designs utilized discrete, off-the-shelf, GaAs amplifiers and mixers, with custom-built L-band and IF filters, resulting in large and costly designs. As digital and microprocessor technology has advanced, the size and cost of GPS receivers related to signal correlation and processing have diminished. The RF design has, in fact, begun to dominate the GPS receiver’s size and cost. One way to reverse this trend is through the development and use of RF ASIC technology. The commercial GPS manufacturers have been very successful in developing single-chip GPS receivers using mixed-mode, SiGe (silicon-germanium) ASIC technology. This commercial technology is specifically designed to support the L1 frequency (civil) and is inexpensive, resulting in very low cost and smaller commercial GPS receivers. However, this technology is not applicable to military GPS receivers due to limited bandwidth and low dynamic range. Recently — due to the requirements to incorporate 911 capabilities into cellular telephones — a number of RF component manufacturers have been designing and manufacturing an expanded line of integrated RF devices that have applicability to military GPS receiver designs. RF Micro Devices and Nippon Electric Company have both developed highly integrated GPS RF down-converter, ASIC devices that integrate the synthesizer, RF down converter and A/D functions into a single ASIC. These devices, although not specifically designed for military GPS applications, provide performance characteristics that allow them to be used in, and adapted to, low-performance military GPS applications supporting singlefrequency operation. Still, these RF ASIC designs only marginally live up to military GPS receiver design requirements and cannot be used in high performance GPS applications. What is needed is a highly integrated RF ASIC that has widespread applications for both military and civil GPS use. The RF design challenge is to use commercially viable, RF ASIC SiGe technology in the creation of an evolutionary design that provides the functionality required for both emerging military anti-jam, multi-channel GPS receiver designs, as well as offering significant improvements to standard military and commercial GPS receivers. Designing for the commercial market takes advantage of the higher-volume, commercial applications to minimize the cost for military applications. Specifically, the capabilities required for this highly integrated GPS RF ASICs are as follows: • C/A, Y, and M code compatibility • L1, L2, L2 (civil) and L5 operation • Multi-channel RF Processing and down conversion • Jamming Resistance • RF, IF and Digital Outputs Continued on page 17 15
Page 1 and 2: technology today HIGHLIGHTING RAYTH
Page 3 and 4: TECHNOLOGY TODAY technology today i
Page 5 and 6: (less than 20 KHz) to visible light
Page 7 and 8: Radars aboard the F-15, F-14, F/A-1
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Page 11 and 12: ELECTRONIC WARFARE and Signal Intel
Page 13: RF Communications Radios, Data Link
Page 17 and 18: Leadership Perspective Dr. PETER PA
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Page 21 and 22: separate receive elements, employin
Page 23 and 24: AESAs use the brick package. Brick
Page 25 and 26: Capability Maturity Model Integrati
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2. The deployment infrastruc
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Page 31 and 32: DAVID K. BARTON ROBERT E. MILLETT C

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